The Bowen Ratio Surface Flux Observations (GSFC) Data Set contains data collected using the Bowen Ratio Techniques. The major data collection effort was conducted in 1987 when 16 stationary sites were equipped with Bowen ratio equipment by different groups. Surface flux measurements were made at selected sites within the FIFE area. All measurements are from a single upland site that was grazed. This station measured the fluxes of net radiation, sensible heat, and latent heat and several micrometeorological parameters.
Bowen Ratio Surface Flux: GSFC (FIFE).
(Bowen Ratio Surface Flux Observations (GSFC)).
The Bowen Ratio Surface Flux Observations (GSFC) Data Set contains data collected using the Bowen Ratio Techniques. The data set includes fluxes of net radiation, sensible heat, and latent heat and several micrometeorological parameters.
The combined aim of the surface flux group was to use a network of ground based observing systems to measure fluxes of heat, water vapor and radiation at a number of points within the FIFE study area.
Latent heat flux, net radiation, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, heat storage, soil moisture, soil temperature, rainfall, Bowen ratio, wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, and vapor pressure.
Surface flux measurements were made at selected sites within the FIFE area. The major data collection effort was conducted in 1987 when 16 stationary sites were equipped with Bowen ratio equipment by different groups. The data described here were collected using the Bowen Ratio techniques. Measurements were made daily during the 4 IFC's in 1987, spanning from late May to Mid-October. All measurements are from a single upland site that was grazed. This station measured the fluxes of net radiation, sensible heat, and latent heat and several micrometeorological parameters.
SURFACE_FLUX_30MIN_DATA.
Dr. William Kustas
Agricultural Research Service
Surface flux measurements by Bowen Ratio technique during FIFE.
Contact 1:
Dr. William Kustas
USDA/ARS-ASRI
Beltsville, MD
Tel.: (301) 504-8498
Email: bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov
Contact 2:
Richard T. Field
University of Delaware
Newark, DE
Tel.: (302) 831-2695
Email: rtfield@earthview.cms.udel.edu
The Bowen Ratio Surface Flux Observations (GSFC) were collected under the direction of Dr. W. Kustas from U.S. Department of Agriculture. The contribution of these data is particularly appreciated.
The components of the energy balance were determined with the Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) method. The BREB is a combination of the transport and the energy balance equations. The Bowen ratio, B {a ratio of the transport or gradient equations of sensible heat, H and latent heat, E} is given by:
where:
where symbols are defined as:
Substituting (1) in the energy balance equation (2) yields the BREB (3). Q is net radiation and G is soil heat flux density at the soil surface. G(5) is the soil heat flux observed at 5 cm depth, S(2.5) is the change in heat storage in the top 0 to 5 cm layer of the soil, C is soil heat capacity in the 0-5 cm depth layer and del T(t) is the change in 2.5 cm depth soil temperature during the 30 minute averaging period.
The Bowen ratio system consists of two sensor arms, each 1.5 meters long, which suspend the temperature sensor and air intake for the humidity sensor over the canopy. The lower arm is 1.0 m above the vegetation canopy (1.10 m above the ground.) The upper arm is 2.25 m above the ground; thus temperature (T) and dew point (Td) gradients are defined over a height difference of 1.15 m. The temperature sensors are unshielded 1-mil copper-constant dual-bridge thermocouples. The dew point sensor is a General Eastern cooled mirror LED assembly which is fed air drawn from the upper and lower arm alternately on a three minute schedule through separate mixing chambers regulated for 6 minute time constants. The air flow rate into the mixing chambers is nominally set at 400 m^2/min. This system is described by Smith et al. 1992(a) and Tanner et al. 1987. Dew point is converted to vapor pressure (e) for subsequent computation.
The ground flux was obtained from three soil heat flux disks that were inserted below the surface (nominally 5 cm depth) to avoid radiative contamination) to obtain the soil flux (G1). Above this level, three soil temperature probes were inserted at 2.5 cm to enable the calculation of upper layer heat storage (G2), using a heat capacity (Cs) approach (see Kanemasu et al. 1992). The soil heat flow disks were separately recorded. The three soil temperature thermocouples were read in parallel.
Soil wetness was observed with a gypsum block. The output soil moisture potential is in pressure (-bars).
The suite of instruments used and sampling features are listed below:
Ground-based.
Ground.
Observe components of the surface energy budget.
Latent heat flux, net radiation, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, heat storage, soil moisture, soil temperature, rainfall, Bowen ratio, air temperature, vapor pressure.
Not available at this revision.
Sensor heights on Bowen ratio apparatus:
Dewpoint hygrometer Bowen ratio apparatus (including air temperature thermocouples, air sampling apparatus and data logger):
Net Radiometer: Model Q*4:
Soil Heat Flux Transducers:
Rain Gage: Texas Electronics tipping bucket raingauge:
Wind Speed and Direction: R. M. Young Wind Sentry Wind Set
Soil Moisture:
Net Radiometer calibrated by manufacturer of net radiation. Adjustments to REBS Q*4 radiometer observations of net radiation are as discussed in Field et al. (1992).
Bowen ratio apparatus calibrated by manufacturer. Chilled mirror calibrated prior to 1987 field campaign using procedures recommended by General Eastern. Adjusted optical bias of mirror every few days during observations following manufacturers recommendations.
Soil Heat Flow disk calibrations as reported by manufacturer.
Soil Moisture gypsum blocks used manufacturer's calibration to convert voltages to bars.
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Chilled mirror bias was adjusted approximately every three days while data were being collected.
Net radiometer compared to mobile Thornthwaite Miniature Net Radiometer during IFC 2, 3 and 4. Indicated stable comparison.
The data were acquired by the sensors and recorded on a Campbell Scientific CR 21X data logger recording 30 minute averages. The system is designed to retrieve all major components of the surface energy budget.
Not available.
Not available at this revision.
The FIFE study area, with areal extent of 15 km by 15 km, is located south of the Tuttle Reservoir and Kansas River, and about 10 km from Manhattan, Kansas, USA. The northwest corner of the area has UTM coordinates of 4,334,000 Northing and 705,000 Easting in UTM Zone 14.
This Surface Flux data was collected at the following location:
SITEGRID_ID STN_ID LATITUDE LONGITUDE NORTHING EASTING ELEVATION ---------- ------ -------- --------- -------- ------- --------- 4268-BRG 32 39 03 15 -96 28 27 4325626 718579 445
Not available.
These are point data except that the Bowen ratio flux instruments effectively sample fluxes from an area of about 100 meters upwind of the sensors.
Not available.
Not available.
These data were collected on 58 days from May 26, 1987 to October 16, 1987.
Not available.
The data values represent 30-minute mean values. Sampling is performed at 1 second intervals for the Bowen ratio, 1 minute intervals for the net radiation, and 1 second intervals for soil heat flux.
Measurements are daily during the 4 IFC's in 1987; May 26 - June 5, June 25 - July 12, August 5 - August 21, and October 5 - October 16.
The SQL definition for this data table is found in the SF_30MIN.TDF file located on the FIFE CD-ROM Volume 1. The following chart lists only those variables that are contained in the data set described in this document. (i.e., those measured at sitegrid 4268-BRK).
Parameter/Variable Name
Parameter/Variable Description Range Units Source
SITEGRID_ID This is a FIS grid location code. Site grid codes (SSEE-III) give the south (SS) and the east (EE) cell number in a 100 x 100 array of 200m square cells. The last 3 characters (III) are an instrument identifier.
STATION_ID The station ID designating the location of the observations.
OBS_DATE The date of the observations, in the format (DD-mmm-YY).
OBS_TIME The time that the observation was [GMT] taken, in GMT. The format is HHMM.
LATENT_HEAT_FLUX The latent heat flux, the flux of [Watts] the energy due to the evaporation [meter^-2] of water.
NET_RADTN The net radiation, including both [Watts] downward and upward energy. [meter^-2]
SENSIBLE_HEAT_FLUX The sensible heat flux, the flux [Watts] of the energy due to temperature [meter^-2] differences.
SOIL_HEAT_FLUX The surface soil heat flux, the [Watts] flux of energy into the soil. [meter^-2]
SOIL_HEAT_FLUX_0_TO_5CM The soil heat flux recorded [Watts] somewhere between 0 and 5 cm in [meter^-2] depth.
SOIL_HEAT_FLUX_5_TO_10CM The soil heat flux recorded [Watts] somewhere between 5 and 10 cm in [meter^-2] depth.
SOIL_HEAT_FLUX_10_TO_20CM The soil heat flux recorded [Watts] somewhere between 10 and 20 cm in [meter^-2] depth.
HEAT_STORAGE The heat storage in the top soil [Watts] layer. [meter^-2]
SOIL_WATER_POTNTL_0_TO_5CM The soil water potential recorded [bars] somewhere between 0 and 5 cm in depth [bars]. This is the pressure required to extract water from the soil. At 15 bars, plants cannot extract any more water.
SOIL_TEMP_0_TO_25MM The soil temperature recorded [degrees somewhere between 0 and 25 mm in Celsius] depth. Recorded at 25 mm.
RAINFALL The amount of rainfall in this 30 [mm] minutes.
BOWEN_RATIO The Bowen Ratio, the ratio of the SENSIBLE_HEAT_FLUX to the LATENT_HEAT_FLUX.
WIND_SPEED The average wind speed in this [meters] 30 minutes. [sec^-1]
WIND_DIR The average wind direction in this [degrees 30 minutes. from North]
AIR_TEMP_LOW The air temperature at the lower [degrees level. This is the lower of the Celsius] movable sensor arms.
AIR_TEMP_HIGH The air temperature at the higher [degrees level. This is the higher of the Celsius] movable sensor arms.
DELTA_TEMP The difference in air temperature [degrees between the higher and lower Celsius] level (AIR_TEMP_HIGH - AIR_TEMP_LOW).
VAPOR_PRESS_LOW The vapor pressure at the lower [kiloPascals] level. This is the lower of the movable sensor arms.
VAPOR_PRESS_HIGH The vapor pressure at the higher [kiloPascals] level. This is the higher of the movable sensor arms.
DELTA_VAPOR_PRESS The difference in the vapor pressure [kiloPascals] between the higher and lower level (VAPOR_PRESS_HIGH - VAPOR_PRESS_LOW).
FIFE_DATA_CRTFCN_CODE * The FIFE Certification Code for the data, in the format: CGR (Certified by Group), CPI (Certified by PI), CPI-??? (CPI - questionable data).
LAST_REVISION_DATE in the format (DD-MMM-YY).
Footnotes:
* Valid levels
The primary certification codes are:
EXM Example or Test data (not for release) PRE Preliminary (unchecked, use at your own risk) CPI Checked by Principal Investigator (reviewed for quality) CGR Checked by a group and reconciled (data comparisons and cross checks).
The certification code modifiers are:
PRE-NFP Preliminary - Not for publication, at the request of investigator. CPI-MRG PAMS data that is "merged" from two separate receiving stations to eliminate transmission errors. CPI-??? Investigator thinks data item may be questionable.
** There are several missing value indicators in each column. The values can be positive or negative 9.9, 9.99, 99.99, 999, 999.99, 9999, or 99999.99.
The following sample record contains all the fields in the surface flux record but only those fields that are described here (i.e., reported by W. Kustas) contain data.
SITEGRID_ID STATION_ID OBS_DATE OBS_TIME LATENT_HEAT_FLUX ----------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------------- 4268-BRG 32 14-AUG-87 2115 -397.268 4268-BRG 32 14-AUG-87 2145 -248.352 4268-BRG 32 14-AUG-87 2215 -241.901 4268-BRG 32 14-AUG-87 2245 -225.037 NET_RADTN SENSIBLE_HEAT_FLUX SOIL_HEAT_FLUX DIFFUSE_SOLAR_RADTN_DOWN ---------- ------------------ -------------- ------------------------ 501.532 -74.264 -30 347.231 -55.879 -43 302.376 -60.475 0 259.315 -46.278 12 SOLAR_RADTN_DOWN SOLAR_RADTN_UP SOLAR_RADTN_NET SOLAR_RADTN_DOWN_SDEV ---------------- -------------- --------------- --------------------- SOLAR_RADTN_UP_SDEV PAR_DOWN PAR_UP SURF_ALBEDO ------------------- --------- --------- ----------- LONGWAVE_RADTN_DOWN LONGWAVE_RADTN_UP LONGWAVE_RADTN_NET ------------------- ----------------- ------------------ BB_TEMP_LONGWAVE_DOWN BB_TEMP_LONGWAVE_UP TOTAL_RADTN_DOWN --------------------- ------------------- ---------------- TOTAL_RADTN_UP SOIL_HEAT_FLUX_0_TO_5CM SOIL_HEAT_FLUX_5_TO_10CM -------------- ----------------------- ------------------------ 54 -64 48 -59 32 -41 21 -27 SOIL_HEAT_FLUX_10_TO_20CM HEAT_STORAGE SOIL_WATER_POTNTL_0_TO_5CM ------------------------- ------------ -------------------------- -59 29 .26 -59 12 .27 -44 39 .27 -34 39 .27 SOIL_WATER_POTNTL_5_TO_20CM SURF_RADIANT_TEMP SURF_RADIANT_TEMP_SDEV --------------------------- ----------------- ---------------------- SOIL_TEMP_0_TO_25MM SOIL_TEMP_25MM_TO_5CM SOIL_TEMP_5_TO_10CM ------------------- --------------------- ------------------- 32.01 31.87 31.37 30.87 SOIL_TEMP_10_TO_20CM SOIL_TEMP_20_TO_50CM RAINFALL BOWEN_RATIO -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------- 0 .19 0 .22 0 .25 0 .21 WIND_SPEED WIND_DIR WIND_SPEED_MIN WIND_SPEED_MAX WIND_SPEED_SDEV ---------- ---------- -------------- -------------- --------------- 7.44 151 7.92 147 7.56 160 7.41 157 WIND_DIR_SDEV TIME_WIND_SPEED_MIN TIME_WIND_SPEED_MAX ------------- ------------------- ------------------- TIME_WIND_DIR_MIN TIME_WIND_DIR_MAX WIND_SPEED_HOR_MEAN ----------------- ----------------- ------------------- WIND_SPEED_LAT_MEAN WIND_SPEED_VERT_MEAN WIND_SPEED_HOR_SDEV ------------------- -------------------- ------------------- WIND_SPEED_LAT_SDEV WIND_SPEED_VERT_SDEV AIR_TEMP_HIGH AIR_TEMP_LOW ------------------- -------------------- ------------- ------------ 31.99 31.69 31.58 31.38 31.47 31.33 31.75 31.64 AIR_TEMP_OTHER AIR_TEMP_MEAN AIR_TEMP_MEAN_SDEV AIR_TEMP_OTHER_SDEV -------------- ------------- ------------------ ------------------- DELTA_TEMP WET_BULB_TEMP_LOW WET_BULB_TEMP_HIGH VAPOR_PRESS_LOW ---------- ----------------- ------------------ --------------- -.297 3.29 -.203 3.32 -.144 3.35 -.112 3.33 VAPOR_PRESS_HIGH VAPOR_PRESS_MEAN VAPOR_PRESS_SDEV REL_HUMID_LOW ----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ------------- 3.19 3.26 3.32 3.29 REL_HUMID_HIGH REL_HUMID_SDEV SURF_AIR_PRESS FRICTION_VELOC -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- W_T_MEAN W_E_MEAN CO2_CONTENT OZONE_CONTENT CO2_CONTENT_SDEV ---------- ---------- ----------- ------------- ---------------- OZONE_CONTENT_SDEV CO2_FLUX OZONE_FLUX FIFE_DATA_CRTFCN_CODE ------------------ ---------- ---------- --------------------- CGR-PJS CGR-PJS CGR-PJS CGR-PJS LAST_REVISION_DATE ------------------ 21-SEP-93 21-SEP-93 21-SEP-93 21-SEP-93
These are point data except that the Bowen ratio flux instruments effectively sample fluxes from an area of about 100 meters upwind of the sensors. These data were collected on 58 days from May 26, 1987 to October 16, 1987. The data values represent 30 minute mean values.
A general description of data granularity as it applies to the IMS appears in the EOSDIS Glossary.
The CD-ROM file format consists of numerical and character fields of varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with a single apostrophe. There are no spaces between the fields. Each file begin with five header records. Header records contain the following information:
Record 1 Name of this file, its table name, number of records in this file, and principal investigator name.
Record 2 Path and filename of the previous data set, and path and filename of the next data set. (Path and filenames for files that contain another set of data taken at the same site on the same day.)
Record 3 Path and filename of the previous site, and path and filename of the next site. (Path and filenames for files of the same data set taken on the same day for the previous and next sites, sequentially numbered by SITEGRID.)
Record 4 Path and filename of the previous date, and path and filename of the next date. (Path and filenames for files of the same data set taken at the same site for the previous and next date.)
Record 5 Column names for the data within the file, delimited by commas.
Record 6 Data records begin.
Each field represents one of the attributes listed in the chart in the Data Characteristics Section and described in detail in the TDF file. These fields are in the same order as in the chart.
Bowen ratio (Beta) was calculated from the mean values of the vertical gradients of temperature (T) and vapor pressure (e) over the 30 minute averaging period using the surface pressure (P) and psychrometric constant (gamma):
Where P(o) is the reference pressure used in gamma.
Ground heat flux:
where:The weight fraction of water, qw, was obtained from 5 bulk soil samples obtained by FIFE staff once per day at the site described here (sitegrid id = 4268) generally between the hours of 1000 and 1300 during the IFC. All 5 samples were used.
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Comparison of fluxes reported here with the roving fluxes from the energy balance system showed differences in E of around 5%. See Nie et al. (1992) for details.
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Several of the key surface flux parameters have undergone extensive intercomparison and examination for spikes in the data. The data have also been checked for energy imbalances. Details of these analyses are described in the Surface Flux Baseline 1992 document on FIFE CD-ROM Volume 1.
FIS staff applied a general QA procedure to some of the fields in this data set to identify inconsistencies and problems for potential users. As a general procedure, the FIS QA consisted of examining the maximum, minimum, average, and standard deviation for numerical fields. Inconsistencies and problems found in the QA check are described is the Known Problems with the Data Section.
The data verification performed by the ORNL DAAC deals with the quality of the data format, media, and readability. The ORNL DAAC does not make an assessment of the quality of the data itself except during the course of performing other QA procedures as described below.
The FIFE data were transferred to the ORNL DAAC via CD-ROM. These CD-ROMs are distributed by the ORNL DAAC unmodified as a set or in individual volumes, as requested. In addition, the DAAC has incorporated each of the 98 FIFE tabular datasets from the CD-ROMs into its online data holdings. Incorporation of these data involved the following steps:
Each distinct type of data (i.e. "data set" on the CD-ROM), is accompanied by a documentation file (i.e., .doc file) and a data format/structure definition file (i.e., .tdf file). The data format files on the CD-ROM are Oracle SQL commands (e.g., "create table") that can be used to set up a relational database table structure. This file provides column/variable names, character/numeric type, length, and format, and labels/comments. These SQL commands were converted to SAS code and were used to create SAS data sets and subsequently to input data files directly from the CD-ROM into a SAS dataset. During this process, file names and directory paths were captured and metadata was extracted to the extent possible electronically. No files were found to be corrupted or unreadable during the conversion process.
Additional Quality Assurance procedures were performed as follows:
As errors are discovered in the online tabular data by investigators, users, or DAAC staff, corrections are made in cooperation with the principal investigators. These corrections are then distributed to users. CD-ROM data are corrected when re-mastering occurs for replenishment of CD-ROM stock.
Not available.
Due to recalculated values of net radiation performed by the FIFE Surface Flux Group in 1991, the estimated fluxes of H & E reported here will be slightly different. For closure of the surface energy balance (see Equation 2 in the Theory of Measurements Section), it is suggested that users of the data described here recalculate H and E with the Q-values given in this data set (these are recalculated values), using the Bowen ratio and G-values given here (see Equation 3 the Theory of Measurements Section).
The missing value indicators in the following fields may have been inadvertently converted to 1000. Use with caution.
Name Name
------------------------ -------------------
DIFFUSE_SOLAR_RADTN_DOWN TOTAL_RADTN_DOWN
SOLAR_RADTN_DOWN TOTAL_RADTN_UP
SOLAR_RADTN_UP HEAT_STORAGE
SOLAR_RADTN_NET RAINFALL
SOLAR_RADTN_DOWN_SDEV WIND_DIR_MIN
SOLAR_RADTN_UP_SDEV WIND_DIR_MAX
LONGWAVE_RADTN_DOWN CO2_CONTENT
LONGWAVE_RADTN_UP O3_CONTENT
LONGWAVE_RADTN_NET CO2_STDEV
BB_TEMP_LONGWAVE_DOWN O3_STDEV
BB_TEMP_LONGWAVE_UP
Not available at this revision.
Not available at this revision.
Not available.
The FIFE field campaigns were held in 1987 and 1989 and there are no plans for new data collection. Field work continues near the FIFE site at the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Konza research site (i.e., LTER continues to monitor the site). The FIFE investigators are continuing to analyze and model the data from the field campaigns to produce new data products.
Software to access the data set is available on the all volumes of the FIFE CD-ROM set. For a detailed description of the available software see the Software Description Document.
ORNL DAAC User Services
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Telephone: (865) 241-3952
FAX: (865) 574-4665
Email: ornldaac@ornl.gov
ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
USA
Telephone: (865) 241-3952
FAX: (865) 574-4665
Email: ornldaac@ornl.gov
Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or FAX. Data is also available via the World Wide Web at http://daac.ornl.gov.
FIFE data are available from the ORNL DAAC. Please contact the ORNL DAAC User Services Office for the most current information about these data.
Bowen Ratio Surface Flux Observations (GSFC) data are available on FIFE CD-ROM Volume 1. The CD-ROM filename is as follows: \DATA\SUR_FLUX\30_MIN\GRIDxxxx\YyyMmm\ydddgrid.BRG or \DATA\SUR_FLUX\30_MIN\GRIDxxxx\Yyyyy\ydddgrid.BRG
Where xxxx is the four digit code for the location within the FIFE site grid, yy is the last two digits of the year (e.g., Y87 = 1987), yyyy is the four digits of the century and year (e.g., Y1987 = 1987), mm is the month of the year (e.g., M12 = December), and ddd is the day of the year, (e.g., 061 = sixty-first day in the year). Note: capital letters indicate fixed values that appear on the CD-ROM exactly as shown here, lower case indicates characters (values) that change for each path and file.
The format used for the filenames is: ydddgrid.sfx, where grid is the four-number code for the location within the FIFE site grid, y is the last digit of the year (e.g., 7 = 1987, and 9 = 1989), and ddd is the day of the year. The filename extension (.sfx), identifies the data set content for the file (see the Data Characteristics Section) and is equal to .BRG for this data set.
Tanner, B.D., J.P. Greene, and G.E. Bingham. 1987. A Bowen ratio design for long-term measurements. Am. Soc. of Agric. Eng., St Joseph Mich, ASAE Tech. Pap. 87-2503.
Field, R.T., L.J. Fritschen, E.T. Kanemasu, E.A. Smith, J.B. Stewart, S.B. Verma and W.P. Kustas. 1992. Calibration, comparison, and correction of net radiation instruments. J. Geophys. Res. 97(D17):18,681-18,695.
Kanemasu, E.T., S.B. Verma, E.A. Smith, L.J. Fritschen, M.L. Wesley, R.T. Field, W.P. Kustas, H.L. Weaver, J.B. Stewart, R.J. Gurney, G.N. Panin, and J.B. Moncrieff. 1992. Surface flux measurements in FIFE: An overview. J. Geophys. Res. 97(D17):18,547-18,555.
Nie, D., E.T. Kanemasu, L.J. Fritschen, H.L. Weaver, E.A. Smith, S.B. Verma, R.T. Field, W.P. Kustas, and J.B. Stewart. 1992. An intercomparison of surface energy flux measurement systems used during FIFE 1987. J. Geophys. Res. 97(D17):18715-18,724.
Smith, E.A., W.L. Crosson, and B.D. Tanner. 1992(a). Estimation of surface heat and moisture fluxes over a prairie grassland, 1, In situ energy budget measurements incorporating a cooled mirror dew point hygrometer. J. Geophys. Res. 97(D17):18,557-18582.
Smith, E.A., A.Y. Hsu, W.L. Crosson, R.T. Field, L.J. Fritschen, R.J. Gurney, E.T. Kanemasu, W.P. Kustas, D. Nie, W.J. Shuttleworth, J.B. Stewart, S.B. Verma, H.L. Weaver and M.L. Wesley 1992(b). Area-average surface flux and their time-space variability over the FIFE experimental domain. J. Geophys. Res. 97(D17):18,599-18,622.
Contact the EOS Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee (see the Data Center Identification Section). Documentation about using the archive and/or online access to the data at the ORNL DAAC is not available at this revision.
A general glossary for the DAAC is located at Glossary.
A general list of acronyms for the DAAC is available at Acronyms.
April 28, 1994 (citation revised on October 15, 2002).
This document has been reviewed by the FIFE Information Scientist to eliminate technical and editorial inaccuracies. Previous versions of this document have been reviewed by the Principal Investigator, the person who transmitted the data to FIS, a FIS staff member, or a FIFE scientist generally familiar with the data. It is believed that the document accurately describes the data as collected and as archived on the FIFE CD-ROM series.
October 9, 1996.
ORNL-FIFE_SF30_BRG.
Kustas, W. 1994. Bowen Ratio Surface Flux: GSFC (FIFE). Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/20. Also published in D. E. Strebel, D. R. Landis, K. F. Huemmrich, and B. W. Meeson (eds.), Collected Data of the First ISLSCP Field Experiment, Vol. 1: Surface Observations and Non-Image Data Sets. CD-ROM. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A. (available from http://www.daac.ornl.gov).