This data set reports on soil-atmosphere fluxes of trace carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide (CO2, CO, N2O, NO) under various natural and manipulated land use conditions. The studies were conducted near Brasilia, Brazil in pastures and agricultural areas under a variety of management regimes and in more natural areas of cerrado (20-50% canopy cover) and campo sujo (open, grass-dominated), which were either burned every 2 years or protected from fire. Results provide data and relationships needed for regional trace gas models. There are nine comma-separated ASCII data files with this data set.
Cite this data set as follows:
Pinto, A.S., K. Kisselle, M.M.C. Bustamante, R.A. Burke, M. Molina, R.G. Zepp. 2011. LBA-ECO ND-07 Trace Gas Fluxes Under Multiple Land Uses, Brazil: 1999-2004. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1016
The LBA Data and Publication Policy [http://daac.ornl.gov/LBA/lba_data_policy.html] is in effect for a period of five (5) years from the date of archiving and should be followed by data users who have obtained LBA data sets from the ORNL DAAC. Users who download LBA data in the five years after data have been archived must contact the investigators who collected the data, per provisions 6 and 7 in the Policy.
This data set was archived in August of 2011. Users who download the data between August 2011 and July 2016 must comply with the LBA Data and Publication Policy.
Data users should use the Investigator contact information in this document to communicate with the data provider. Alternatively, the LBA Web Site [http://lba.inpa.gov.br/lba/] in Brazil will have current contact information.
Data users should use the Data Set Citation and other applicable references provided in this document to acknowledge use of the data.
Project: LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon)
Activity: LBA-ECO
LBA Science Component: Nutrient Dynamics
Team ID: ND-07 (Zepp / Bustamante)
The investigators were Zepp, Richard G.; Bustamante, Mercedes M.C.; Burke, Roger A.; Kisselle, Keith; Molina, Marirosa; and Pinto, Alexandre de Siqueira. You may contact Bustamante, Dr. Mercedes (mercedes@unb.br) and Zepp, Dr. Richard G. (zepp.richard@epa.gov).
LBA Data Set Inventory ID: ND07_Trace_Gas_Land_Use
This data set focuses on the effects of management and land use change on the soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide. The studies were conducted near Brasilia in pastures and agricultural areas under a variety of management regimes as well as in more 'natural' areas of cerrado (20-50% canopy cover) and campo sujo (open, grass-dominated), which were either burned every 2 years or protected from fire. To provide data and relationships needed for regional trace gas models, we measured soil-atmosphere fluxes of trace carbon and nitrogen gases (CO2, CO, N2O, NO) under various natural and manipulated conditions.
Related Data sets
Data are provided in nine comma-delimited ASCII files.
Multi-site Data File:
File 1: ND07_Daily_Precip_and_T_air.csv
Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Year | yyyy | Year of measurement |
2 | Month | mm | Month of measurement |
3 | Day | dd | Day of measurement |
4 | T_air_EMBRAPA_CPAC_mean | degrees C | Mean daily temperature in degrees Celsius at the EMBRAPA CPAC site |
5 | Ppt_EMBRAPA_CPAC | mm | Total rainfall accumulation over 24 hours of sampling period in millimeters (mm) at the EMBRAPA CPAC site |
6 | T_air_IBGE_mean | degrees C | Mean daily temperature in degrees Celsius at the IBGE site |
7 | Ppt_IBGE | mm | Total rainfall accumulation over 24 hours of sampling period in millimeters (mm) at the IBGE site |
8 | Ppt_Dom_Bosco | mm | Total rainfall accumulation over 24 hours of sampling period in millimeters (mm) at the Dom Bosco site |
Missing data are represented by -9999 |
Example data records:
Year,Month,Day, T_air_EMBRAPA_CPAC_mean,Ppt_EMBRAPA_CPAC,T_air_IBGE_mean,Ppt_IBGE,Ppt_Dom_Bosco 1999,9,1,-9999,-9999,22.2,-9999,-9999 1999,9,2,-9999,-9999,22.8,-9999,-9999 ... 2000,1,1,-9999,-9999,20.9,16.6,-9999 2000,1,2,-9999,-9999,21.2,8.8,-9999 ... |
Experimental Treatment Data Files:
Fertilization
File 2: ND07_Dois_J1_Farm_Fertilization_CO2_NO_N2O_fluxes.csv
Values are either the means of in situ measurement results from multiple flux chambers or the means of results of gas and soil samples collected from multiple chambers and analyzed in the laboratory.
Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Site_name | Name of farm sampled. All samples in this file were collected at Dois J1 Farm | |
2 | Site_type | Type of farm where the fertilization experiment was conducted: Experimental Plantation | |
3 | Crop_type | Land cover (type of crop) at the sampling site: Non-irrigated Maize | |
4 | Date | yyyy/mm/dd | Sampling date (yyyy/mm/dd) |
5 | Fertilizer | kg N ha-1 | Amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per Maize growing season |
6 | Chamber_location | Chamber location within the crop field, either Crop rows or Between crop rows | |
7 | CO2_flux_mean | micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Flux of carbon dioxide across the soil surface in micromoles of CO2 per meter squared per second. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
8 | NO_N_flux_mean | ng NO-N cm-2 h-1 | Flux of nitric oxide across the soil surface in nanograms of nitrogen in the form of NO per centimeter squared per hour. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
9 | N2O_N_flux_mean | ng N2O-N cm-2 h-1 | Flux of nitrous oxide across the soil surface in nanograms of nitrogen in the form of N2O per centimeter squared per hour. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
10 | WFPS_mean | % | Water filled pore space in the soil reported as a percent of total soil volume |
11 | T_chamber_mean | degrees C | Air temperature inside the chamber measured during the measurement of gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
12 | T_soil_2_5cm_mean | degrees C | Soil temperature at 2.5 cm depth measured during the measurement of gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
13 | T_soil_5cm_mean | degrees C | Soil temperature at 5.0 cm depth measured during the measurement of gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
14 | Soil_NO3_mean | mg kg-1 soil | Available soil nitrate extracted with 1N KCl solution and reported in mg N as nitrate per kg soil |
15 | Soil_NH4_mean | mg kg-1 soil | Available soil ammonium extracted with 1N KCl solution and reported in mg N as ammonium per kg soil |
16 | Microbial_biomass_C_mean | mg kg-1 soil | Soil microbial biomass measured as the difference in extractable soil C before and after chloroform fumigation |
Missing data are represented by -9999 | |||
Note: Coordinates for the Dois J1 Farm were not provided |
Example data records:
Site_name,Site_type,Crop_type,Date,Fertilizer,Chamber_location,CO2_flux_mean,NO_N_flux_mean, N2O_N_flux_mean,WFPS_mean,T_chamber_mean,T_soil_2_5cm_mean,T_soil_5cm_mean,Soil_NO3_mean, Soil_NH4_mean,Microbial_biomass_C_mean Dois J1 Farm,Experimental plantation,Non-irrigated Maize,2004/11/10,0,Crop rows,0.48,1.17, -9999,41.89,33.1,28.8,25.8,195.5, 28.14,53.76 Dois J1 Farm,Experimental plantation,Non-irrigated Maize,2004/11/10,0,Crop rows,0.96,0.47, -9999,49.2,34.3,26.7,25.3,276.2, 16.34,67.96 ... Dois J1 Farm,Experimental plantation,Non-irrigated Maize,2005/04/29,120,Crop rows,0.52,0.3, -18.61,29.99,31.6,25.3,24.7,215.6, 2.93,63.44 Dois J1 Farm,Experimental plantation,Non-irrigated Maize,2005/04/29,120,Crop rows,0.44,0.33, -17.69,40.43,30.5,26,24.3,158.3, 2.96,55.95 ... |
Water Addition Experiments
File 3: ND07_IBGE_Water_addition_CO2_N2O_NO_fluxes.csv
Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Date | yyyy/mm/dd | Sampling date (yyyy/mm/dd) |
2 | Exp_Day | Day in the experimental timeline: Day 0 indicates the initial treatment day; 0-pre indicates day 0 prior to water additions and 0-post is day 0 after water additions all other days are days since initial treatment | |
3 | Treatment | Treatment applied: Control = no water additions; 2 cm = 2 cm of water applied; 18 cm = 18 cm of water applied | |
4 | Chamber_num | Chamber identification number: 1-3 | |
5 | CO2_flux | micromoles CO2 m-2 s-1 | Flux of carbon dioxide across the soil surface in micromoles of CO2 per meter squared per second. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
6 | T_soil | degrees C | Soil temperature measured at 10 cm depth |
7 | T_air | degrees C | Air temperature reported in degrees Celsius |
8 | Moist_soil | % | Soil moisture determined after heating the soil at 110 degrees C for 48 hours |
9 | N2O_N_flux | ng N2O-N cm-2 h-1 | Flux of nitrous oxide across the soil surface in nanograms of nitrogen in the form of N2O per centimeter squared per hour Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
10 | T_chamb_N2O | degrees C | Mean temperature (degrees C) in the chamber during the sampling for N2O (average of initial and final temperatures) |
11 | NO_N_flux | ng NO-N cm-2 h-1 | Flux of nitric oxide across the soil surface in nanograms of nitrogen in the form of NO per centimeter squared per hour Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
12 | T_chamb_NO | degrees C | Mean temperature (degrees C) in the chamber during the sampling for NO (average of initial and final temperatures) |
Missing data are represented by -9999. |
Example data records:
Date,Exp_day,Treatment,Chamber_num,CO2_flux,T_soil,T_air,Moist_soil,N2O_N_flux, T_chamb_N2O,NO_N_flux,T_chamb_NO 2000/07/10,0-pre,Control,1,1.19,20.6,30.3,26.09,0.17, 24.9,0.29,30.9 2000/07/10,0-pre,Control,2,1.7,20.6,29.5,26.09,0.41, 26.75,0.06,31.4 ... 2000/07/10,0-pre,2cm,1,1.87,19.8,27,9,23.79,-9999, -9999,0.01,32.4 2000/07/10,0-pre,2cm,2,1.41,19.9,29,7,23.57,-9999, -9999,0.01,35.5 ... 2000/07/15,5,18cm,2,2.29,21.6,26.9,19.94,0.15, 30,0.36,27.9 2000/07/15,5,18cm,3,1.88,21.8,32.2,28.42,-0.47, 30,0.19,34.65 ... |
Fire Experiments
File 4: ND07_IBGE_Fire_CO_fluxes_2000.csv
Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Sample_ID | Sample identification number | |
2 | Date | yyyy/mm/dd | Sampling date (yyyy/mm/dd) |
3 | Treatment | Treatment codes are as follows: CSC = control for campo sujo at IBGE (not burned for 8 yrs); CSQ = campo sujo plot burned biennially since 1992 with last burn during 9/2000; CC = control for cerrado stricto senso at IBGE (not burned since 1974); CSQ = stricto senso cerrado plot burned biennially since 1992 with last burn during 9/2000 | |
4 | Chamber_num | Chamber identification number | |
5 | Chamber_type | Chambertop describes the material used. All dark chambers were kimax | |
6 | Light_conditions | Light fluxes were measured in transparent pyrex chambers; dark fluxes were measured in opaque kimax chambers | |
7 | CO_flux | 10^9 molecules cm-2 s-1 | Flux of carbon monoxide measured in 10^9 molecules per centimeter squared per second (10^9 molecules cm^-2 s^-1) |
8 | T_soil | degrees C | Soil temperature in degrees Celsius at 10 cm depth measured at the time of the flux measurement |
9 | T_air | degrees C | Air temperature in degrees Celsius outside the chamber measured at the timeof the flux measurement |
10 | Moist_soil | % | Soil moisture at 10 cm depth in percent measured at the time of the flux measurement |
11 | T_chamber | degrees C | Air temperature in degrees Celsius measured in the chamber measured at the time of the flux measurement |
12 | UVA_init | W cm-2 | Ultraviolet A radiation, including the wavelengths of 315- 390 nanometers at the start of the flux measurement measured in Watts per centimeter squared (W cm^-2) with a IL 1700 readiometer with a SED 033 UVA probe |
13 | UVB_init | W cm-2 | Ultraviolet B radiation, including the wavelengths of 280- 315 nanometers at the start of the flux measurement measured in Watts per centimeter squared (W cm^-2) with a IL 1700 radiometer using a SED 240 probe |
14 | Full_init | W cm-2 | Total radiation, including the wavelengths of 200- 4200 nanometers at the start of the flux measurement measured in Watts per centimeter squared (W cm^-2) usig an IL 1700 radiometer and an SED 623 probe |
15 | UVB_integ | W cm-2 | Ultraviolet B radiation in the chamber integrated over the duration of the sampling period, reported in Watts per centimeter squared |
Missing data are represented by -9999. Data measured but deemed unreliable and thus not reported are indicated as -6666. |
Example data records:
Sample_ID,Date,Treatment,Chamber_num,Chamber_type,Light_conditions,CO_flux, T_soil,T_air,Moist_soil,T_chamber,UVA_init,UVB_init,Full_init,UVB_integ 218,1999/09/08,CSQ,4,Kimax,Dark,8.54E+10, 27.8,33.6,33.5,-9999,-9999,-9999,-9999,-9999, 217,1999/09/08,CSQ,3,Pyrex,Light,5.20E+10, 27.8,33.6,33.5,-9999,-9999,-9999,-9999,-9999 ... 18,2000/09/24,CC,6,Kimax,Dark,4.69E+11, 20.8,38,36.6,47.1,2.61E-03,1.77E-05,7.66E-02,1.97E-02 17,2000/09/24,CC,5,Kimax,Dark,2.57E+10, 20.8,38,36.6,40,2.61E-03,1.77E-05,7.66E-02,1.97E-02 ... |
File 5: ND07_IBGE_Fire_CO2_NO_fluxes_2000.csv
Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Site_name | Sample site: IBGE Brasilia | |
2 | Station_ID | Station identification code: Treatment code (column 3) concatenated with Chamber number (column 4) | |
3 | Treatment | Treatment codes are as follows: CSC = control for campo sujo at IBGE (not burned for 8 yrs); CSQ = campo sujo plot burned biennially since 1992 with last burn during 9/2000; CC = control for cerrado stricto senso at IBGE (not burned since 1974); CSQ = stricto senso cerrado plot burned biennially since 1992 with last burn during 9/2000 | |
4 | Chamber_num | Chamber number: 1-6 | |
5 | Date | yyyy/mm/dd | Sampling date (yyyy/mm/dd) |
6 | CO2_flux | micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Flux of carbon dioxide across the soil surface in micromoles of CO2 per meter squared per second. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
7 | T_chamb_CO2 | degrees C | Air temperature inside the chamber measured during the measurement of CO2 gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
8 | T_air_CO2 | degrees C | Air temperature outside the chamber measured during the measurement of CO2 gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
9 | T_soil_CO2 | degrees C | Soil temperature at 10 cm depth measured during the measurement of CO2 gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
10 | NO_N_flux | ng NO-N cm-2 h-1 | Flux of nitric oxide across the soil surface in nanograms of nitrogen in the form of NO per centimeter squared per hour Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
11 | T_chamber_NO | degrees C | Air temperature inside the chamber measured during the measurement of NO gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
12 | T_air_NO | degrees C | Air temperature outside the chamber measured during the measurement of NO gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
13 | T_soil_NO | degrees C | Soil temperature at 10 cm depth measured during the measurement of NO gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
Missing data are represented by -9999. Data measured but deemed unreliable and thus not reported are indicated as -6666. |
Example data records:
Site_name,Station_ID,Treatment,Chamber_num,Date,CO2_flux,T_chamb_CO2, T_air_CO2,T_soil_CO2,NO_N_flux,T_chamb_NO,T_air_NO,T_soil_NO IBGE,CC1,CC,1,2000/04/04,4.7,-9999, 22,23,-9999,-9999,-9999,-9999 IBGE,CC2,CC,2,2000/04/04,4.5,-9999, 22,23,-9999,-9999,-9999,-9999 ... IBGE,CC5,CC,5,2000/10/19,2.5,40, 36.2,19.8,1.09,40,36.2,19.8 IBGE,CC6,CC,6,2000/10/19,2.9,40.3, 36.2,19.8,0.31,40.3,36.2,19.8 ... |
Land Cover Types
File 6: ND07_Crops_CO2_NO_N2O_fluxes.csv
Values are either the means of in situ measurement results from multiple flux chambers or the means of results of gas and soil samples collected from multiple chambers and analyzed in the laboratory.
Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Site_name | Farm or experimental station at which the samples were collected | |
2 | Land_use | Description of the management of the sampling area with dominant crop | |
3 | Vegetation | Information about the land cover including land use (crop type, pasture or cerrado) as well as location within the land cover (between or within crop rows) | |
4 | Date | yyyy/mm/dd | Sampling date (yyyy/mm/dd) |
5 | Phase | Sample collection timing with respect to major events within the growing season/management regime | |
6 | CO2_flux_mean | micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Flux of carbon dioxide across the soil surface in micromoles of CO2 per meter squared per second. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
7 | NO_N_flux_mean | ng NO-N cm-2 h-1 | Flux of nitric oxide across the soil surface in nanograms of nitrogen in the form of NO per centimeter squared per hour. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
8 | N2O_N_flux_mean | ng N2O-N cm-2 h-1 | Flux of nitrous oxide across the soil surface in nanograms of nitrogen in the form of N2O per centimeter squared per hour. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
9 | WFPS_mean | % | Water filled pore space in the soil reported as a percent of total soil volume |
10 | T_chamber_mean | degrees C | Air temperature inside the chamber measured during the measurement of gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
11 | T_soil_2_5cm_mean | degrees C | Soil temperature at 2.5 cm depth measured during the measurement of gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
12 | T_soil_5cm_mean | degrees C | Soil temperature at 5.0 cm depth measured during the measurement of gas flux and reported in degrees Celsius |
13 | Soil_NO3_mean | mg kg-1 soil | Available soil nitrate extracted with 1N KCl solution and reported in mg N as nitrate per kg soil |
14 | Soil_NH4_mean | mg kg-1 soil | Available soil ammonium extracted with 1N KCl solution and reported in mg N as ammonium per kg soil |
15 | Microbial_biomass_C_mean | mg kg-1 soil | Soil microbial biomass measured as the difference in extractable soil C before and after chloroform fumigation |
Missing data are represented by -9999 |
Example data records:
Site_name,Land_use,Vegetation,Date,Phase,CO2_flux_mean,NO_N_flux_mean, N2O_N_flux_mean,WFPS_mean,T_chamber_mean,T_soil_2_5cm_mean, T_soil_5cm_mean,Soil_NO3_mean,Soil_NH4_mean, Microbial_biomass_C_mean Pamplona Farm,Non-irrigated cotton under Brachiaria straw,Cotton,2004/11/23,Before planting,0.41,0.8, -9999,33.86,33.7,27.6,25.6,40.13,18.61, 289.58 Pamplona Farm,Non-irrigated cotton under Brachiaria straw,Cotton,2004/11/23,Before planting,0.38,0.86, -9999,36.34,32.6,27.1,25.7,72.79,21.73, 240.68 ... Pamplona Farm,Non-irrigated cotton under Brachiaria straw,Cotton (crop rows),2004/12/23,After first fertilization,1.95,1.74, -9999, 41.97,23.6,23.3,23.6,707.14,7.03, 98.89 Pamplona Farm,Non-irrigated cotton under Brachiaria straw,Cotton (crop rows),2004/12/23,After first fertilization,2.56,0.32, 0.69,46.54,23.4,23.7,23.4,320.89,12.17, 240.36 ... |
File 7: ND07_Pastures_CO2_NO_N2O_fluxes_1999-2002.csv
Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Site_name | Name of study site: EMBRAPA Pasture or Rio de Janeiro | |
2 | Site_type | Site type: Pasture or Mixed species pasture | |
3 | Vegetation | Dominant vegetation species | |
4 | Notes | Information from the field notes on pasture management | |
5 | Irrigation | Irrigation status, where 1 = irrigated site and 2=sites without irrigation | |
6 | Year | yyyy | Year in which the sampling was done (yyyy) |
7 | Month | mm | Month in which the sampling was done with 1=January and 12=December |
8 | Base_num | Identification number for chamber base at the EMBRAPA site: 1 - 8 | |
9 | CO2_flux | micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Flux of carbon dioxide across the soil surface in micromoles of CO2 per meter squared per second. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
10 | N2O_N_flux | ng N2O-N cm-2 h-1 | Flux of nitrous oxide across the soil surface in nanograms of nitrogen in the form of N2O per centimeter squared per hour. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
11 | NO_N_flux | ng NO-N cm-2 h-1 | Flux of nitric oxide across the soil surface in nanograms of nitrogen in the form of NO per centimeter squared per hour. Positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; negative values indicate a flux from the atmosphere to the soil |
12 | T_Air | degrees C | Air temperature in degrees Celsius |
13 | T_Soil_2_5 | degrees C | Soil temperature at 2.5 cm depth in degrees Celsius |
14 | T_Soil_5 | degrees C | Soil temperature at 5 cm depth in degrees Celsius |
15 | T_Soil_10 | degrees C | Soil temperature at 10 cm depth in degrees Celsius |
16 | GWC | percent | Gravimetric water content |
Missing data are represented by -9999 |
Example data records:
Site_name,Site_type,Vegetation,Notes,Irrigation,Year,Month,Base_num,CO2_flux, N2O_N_flux,NO_N_flux,T_Air,T_Soil_2_5,T_Soil_5,T_Soil_10, GWC EMBRAPA Pasture,Pasture,Brachiaria brizantha,-9999,0,1999,10,1,4.16, 4.31,-9999,26.8,-9999,20.2,-9999,-9999 EMBRAPA Pasture,Pasture,Brachiaria brizantha,-9999,0,1999,10,2,5.23, -1.56,-9999,28.3,-9999,19.1,-9999,-9999 ... Rio de Janeiro,Pasture,Brachiaria brizantha,fertilized pasture without water addition,0,2001,10,1,10.34, -0.08,0.02,26.2,27.3,27.1,26.3,-9999 Rio de Janeiro,Pasture,Brachiaria brizantha,fertilized pasture without water addition,0,2001,10,2,10.29, 2.61,0,25.8,23.9,23.9,23.6,-9999 ... Rio de Janeiro,Mixed species pasture,Brachiaria brizantha+ Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirao,without water addition,0,2002,1,8,5.95, 0.97,0,31,-9999,-9999,-9999,-9999 Rio de Janeiro,Mixed species pasture,Brachiaria brizantha+ Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirao,without water addition,0,2002,2,1,-9999, -0.86,0.11,-6999,29.6,27.8,26.4,-9999 ... |
File 8: ND07_Soil_moisture_EMBRAPA.csv
Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Year | yyyy | Year sampled |
2 | Month | mm | Month sampled with 1=January and 12=December |
3 | GWC | percent | Gravimetric water content (%) from 0-5 cm deep soil samples |
Example data records:
Year,Month,GWC 2000,2,39.7 2000,2,36.9 2000,2,39.4 ... 2000,8,12.5 2000,8,14.3 2000,8,12.6 ... |
File 9: ND07_Soil_moisture_Fazenda_Rio_de_Janeiro.csv
Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Year | yyyy | Year sampled |
2 | Month | mm | Month sampled where 1=January and 12=December |
3 | Plot | Plot identification number | |
4 | Vegetation | Description of the dominant vegetation | |
5 | GWC | percent | Gravimetric water content from 0-5 cm deep soil samples, expressed as percent (%) |
6 | WFPS | percent | Water-filled pore space calculated from the gravimetric water content, expressed as percent (%) |
Example data records:
Year,Month,Plot,Vegetation,GWC,WFPS 2001,11,1,Fertilized Brachiaria,34.9,76.5 2001,11,1,Fertilized Brachiaria,28.8,64.5 ... 2001,11,2,Mixed species,35.3,87.3 2001,11,2,Mixed species,37.3,92.1 ... 2002,4,3,Traditional pasture (Brachiaria),32.7,67.6 2002,4,3,Traditional pasture (Brachiaria),31,64 ... 2001,11,4,Young pasture (2 yr old Brachiaria),33.7,75.3 2001,11,4,Young pasture (2 yr old Brachiaria),34.9,78.2 ... |
Site boundaries: (All latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees)
Site (Region) | Westernmost Longitude | Easternmost Longitude | Northernmost Latitude | Southernmost Latitude | Geodetic Datum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brasilia - Reserva Ecologica do Roncador IBGE (Brasilia) | -47.85060 | -47.85060 | -15.93280 | -15.93280 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Brasilia - Fazenda Dom Bosco (Brasilia) | -47.50000 | -47.50000 | -16.30000 | -16.30000 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Brasilia - Fazenda Rio de Janeiro (Brasilia) | -47.70000 | -47.70000 | -15.23333 | -15.23333 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Brasilia - Pamplona (Brasilia) | -47.25056 | -47.25056 | -16.25056 | -16.25056 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Brasilia - EMBRAPA CPAC (Brasilia) | -47.74356 | -47.74356 | -15.61042 | -15.61042 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Time period:
Platform/Sensor/Parameters measured include:
Calculation of NO Fluxes: Fluxes were calculated from the rate of increase of NO concentration using the linear portion of the accumulation curve.
Calculation of N2O Fluxes: Fluxes were calculated from the rate of increase of N2O concentration determined by linear regression based on four samples.
Calculation of CO Fluxes: For each chamber experiment, the concentration of CO within the chamber was plotted as a function of time after sealing the chamber top over the base. Concentration versus time plots were initially plotted to determine the curve shape. Flux measurements that exhibited increasing concentrations over time were analyzed by performing linear regression on the linear portions of the curve (slope is proportional to CO exchange rate). Many of the positive curves appeared to plateau. This is likely due to the fact that although the production of CO is not dependent on concentration of CO, the consumption of CO increases with increasing CO concentration [Conrad and Seiler, 1985]. So as the CO accumulates in the chamber, the consumption of CO increases. This is an artifact of using the static chamber method since natural CO emissions are typically not contained and not concentrated. To minimize the error in computed fluxes that can result from this effect, we sometimes used only the early time points (0, 10 and 15 minutes) to calculate the CO flux. Sanhueza et al. [1994] also used only the initial points of a particular run to calculate CO fluxes. For measurements in which CO concentrations decreased with time (negative flux), flux values were calculated by multiplying the initial rate (slope x initial CO concentration) by the volume:surface area ratio of the chamber. To better compare CO uptake by the soils in the opaque chamber studies, we computed deposition velocities. The deposition velocity is defined as the ratio of the uptake rate divided by the CO concentration.
Detection limits for N2O were 0.6 ng N2O cm-2 h-1 as defined by Verchot et al (1999) using similar methods.
Study Sites
All study sites are located near the city of Brasilia. The climate in the region is tropical (Koppen Aw, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification). The mean annual precipitation is about 1500 mm with two well-defined seasons: dry season (May to September) and wet season (October to April), during which 90 percent of the annual precipitation occurs.
Experimental Treatments:
Gas Flux Measurements/Collection in the Field:
Gas Flux Measurements/Laboratory Analyses:
Other Field Measurements:
Laboratory Analyses:
This data is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
Contact for Data Center Access Information:
E-mail: uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952
Conrad, R., and W. Seiler. 1985. Influence of temperature, moisture, and organic carbon on the flux of H2, and CO between soil and atmosphere: Field studies in subtropical regions, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5699-5709.doi:10.1029/JD090iD03p05699
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Pinto, A.D., M.M.C. Bustamante, K. Kisselle, R. Burke, R. Zepp, L.T. Viana, R.F. Varella, and M. Molina. (2002). Soil emissions of N2O, NO, and CO2 in Brazilian Savannas: Effects of vegetation type, seasonality, and prescribed fires. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, Vol. 107, No. D20, p. 8089.
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