This data set reports the ages and growth rates of trees determined by radiocarbon dating (14C) in three Amazonia forests. Tree samples were collected from permanent research plots at ZF2 km 34, Manaus, Amazonas, the Catuaba Experimental Farm, Acre, and the km 83 tower site (logged forest site) in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, between 2001-2003.
Samples from 97 individual trees were either tree cores (Manaus and Acre) or a combination of tree cores and slabs cut from stems as part of the logging in the Tapajos National Forest (Para). Radiocarbon dating (14C) was used to determine the age and the mean diameter growth increment of samples from individual trees in various diameter size classes. These measurements can be used to verify and extend short-term diameter increment measurements done with dendrometers and to constrain models of tree demography.
There is one comma-separated ASCII data file with this data set.Cite this data set as follows:
Vieira, S., S. Trumbore, P.B. Camargo, D. Selhorst, J.Q. Chambers, N. Higuchi, and L.A. Martinelli. 2011. LBA-ECO CD-08 Radiocarbon Dating of Tree Ages in Amazonas, Acre, and Para in Brazil. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/997
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Project: LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon)
Activity: LBA-ECO
LBA Science Component: Carbon Dynamics
Team ID: CD-08 (Trumbore / Camargo)
The investigators were Camargo, Plinio B. de ; Chambers, Jeffrey Q.; Costa, Enir Salazar da; Martinelli, Luiz Antonio; Perez Acosta, Tibisay Josefina; Southon, John R.; Telles, Everaldo de Carvalho Conceicao; Trumbore, Susan E.; Vieira, Simone Aparecida; Brown, Irving Foster; Selhorst, Diogo; Silva, Juari P. and Santos, Joaquim . You may contact Vieira, Simone (savieira@cena.usp.br)
LBA Data Set Inventory ID: CD08_Radiocarbon_Dates
This data set reports the ages and growth rates of trees determined by radiocarbon dating (14C) in three Amazonia forests. Tree samples were collected from permanent research plots at ZF2 km 34, Manaus, Amazonas, the Catuaba Experimental Farm, Acre, and the km 83 tower site (logged forest site) in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, between 2001-2003.
Samples from 97 individual trees were either tree cores (Manaus and Acre) or a combination of tree cores and slabs cut from stems as part of the logging in the Tapajos National Forest (Para). Radiocarbon dating (14C) was used to determine the age and the mean diameter growth increment of samples from individual trees in various diameter size classes. These measurements can be used to verify and extend short-term diameter increment measurements done with dendrometers and to constrain models of tree demography.
Related Data Set
The CD-08 team collected tree samples at the ZF-2 (Manaus), Flona Tapajos (Santarem) and Catuaba EE (Acre) sites between 2001-2003. Samples collected were either tree cores (Manaus and Acre) or a combination of tree cores and slabs cut from stems as part of the logging in the Tapajos forest (Santarem).
Data are presented in a single comma-separated ASCII file. File name: CD08_Tree_Ages_by_Radiocarbon_Methods_Amazonas_and_Para.csv
| Column | Variable name | Units/format | Variable description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Site |
Site: Manaus = ZF2 km 25 - INPA Forest Management Site (lat: -2.6091, Long: -60.2093 ); Santarem = kilometer 83 (Lat: -3.017, Long: -54.9707); Catuaba = Acre - Catuaba Experimental Farm (Lat: -10.0730; Long: -67.6290) | |
| 2 | Tree_number | Unique identifier for each tree sampled | |
| 3 | Subsample | For those trees with more than a single isotope analysis, this number is a unique identifier for subsamples along the radius of a tree crossection (see columns14-19) | |
| 4 | Size_class | Tree size class based on diamter at breast height (DBH) where 1 = 10 to 29.9 centimeters (cm) diameter, 2= 30 to 49.9 cm diameter and 3= greater than or equal to 50 cm diameter | |
| 5 | DBH | cm | Diameter at breast height in centimeters, measured at 1.3 m height |
| 6 | Common_name | Local name | |
| 7 | Scientific_name |
Genus and species. Species identification: Santarem - Sr. Nelson Rosa (Museu Emilio Gueldi); Manaus - Vilany Carneiro e Everaldo Pereira (INPA); Rio Branco - Dr. Marcos Silveira (UFAC) | |
| 8 | Family | Scientific family | |
| 9 | Canopy_stratum | Approximate canopy heights associated with these classes are: Emergent (> 45 m), Canopy ( 25- 35 m), Subcanopy (< 25 m), and Pioneer (used here to identify species that are found to colonize recent gaps and are thought to represent early succession) | |
| 10 | Age | yr | Estimated tree age in years based on the range of calendar ages (see columns 20-24) or on extrapolation of growth rates determined from multiple ages for a single tree |
| 11 | Age_error | yr | Estimated error (years) in Age (column 10) |
| 12 | Growth_rate | cm diameter increment yr-1 | Mean growth rate in centimeters diameter per year, calculated as diameter (column 5) divided by age (column 10) |
| 13 | Alternate_growth_rate | cm diameter increment yr-1 | Alternate growth rate in centimeters diameter per year, calculated as the slope of the age (column 10) versus distance from center (column 14). Values are only given if they differ from the calculated mean growth rate |
| 14 | Distance_from_center | cm | Location of the isotope sample or subsample in centimeters distance from center of tree |
| 15 | Delta_14_C | per mil | Delta 14 C measurement in 2004-2005 as per mil. Expressed as in Stuivier and Polach "Discussion: Reporting of 14C Data", Radiocarbon 19, no.3 (1977): 355-363. |
| 16 | Delta_14_C_error | per mil | Precision (1 standard error) of the delta 14C measurement |
| 17 | Delta_13_C | per mil | Delta 13 C measurement of the sample presented as per mil deviation relative to PDB standard |
| 18 | Libby_age | Radiocarbon years Before Present (BP) | Age in radiocarbon years BP, expressed as in Stuivier and Polach "Discussion: Reporting of 14C Data", Radiocarbon 19, no.3 (1977): 355-363 |
| 19 | Libby_age_error | Radiocarbon years Before Present (BP) | Estimated error (in radiocarbon years BP) in Libby_age (column 18), calculated using Oxcal 3.0 (http://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/embed.php?File=oxcal.html) and 2 sigma error |
| 20 | Calibrated_date_range_1 | Calendar age range (years), where multiple calendar year ranges are possible at the 2 sigma level, we give all ranges | |
| 21 | Calibrated_date_range_2 | Calendar age range (years), where multiple calendar year ranges are possible at the 2 sigma level, we give all ranges | |
| 22 | Calibrated_date_range_3 | Calendar age range (years), where multiple calendar year ranges are possible at the 2 sigma level, we give all ranges | |
| 23 | Calibrated_date_range_4 | Calendar age range (years), where multiple calendar year ranges are possible at the 2 sigma level, we give all ranges | |
| 24 | Calibrated_date_range_5 | Calendar age range (years), where multiple calendar year ranges are possible at the 2 sigma level, we give all ranges | |
| missing data are represented by -9999 | |||
Example Data Records:
| Site,Tree_number,Subsample,Size_class,DBH,Common_name,Scientific_name,Family,Canopy_stratum,Age,Age_error, Growth_rate,Alternate_growth_rate,Distance_from_center,Delta_14_C,Delta_14_C_error,Delta_13_C,Libby_age,Libby_age_error, Calibrated_date_range_1,Calibrated_date_range_2,Calibrated_date_range_3,Calibrated_date_range_4,Calibrated_date_range_5 Manaus,1,1,1,13.3,Branquinha,Rinorea racemosa (Mart.) Kuntze,Violaceae,Subcanopy,195,155, 0.07,-9999,Center,-26.6,4.4,-30,190,40, 1650-1960,-9999,-9999,-9999,-9999 Manaus,2,1,1,14,Tachi preto,Tachigali myrmecophila Ducke. ,Caesalpinoideae,Subcanopy,185,145, 0.08,-9999,Center,-22.9,4.3,-31,160,40, 1670-1790,1790-1960,-9999,-9999,-9999 Manaus,3,1,1,18,Envira bobo,Rollinia insignis R. E. Fr. ,Annonaceae,Subcanopy,37,1, 0.49,-9999,Center,301.8,5.9,-29,Modern,-9999, 1963,-9999,-9999,-9999,-9999 Manaus,4,1,1,22.5,Pau rainha,Brosimum rubescens Taub.,Moraceae,Canopy,192,150, 0.12,-9999,Center,-25.4,3.9,-30,155,35, 1670-1750,1790-1960,-9999,-9999,-9999 |
Site boundaries: (All latitude and longitude given in degrees and fractions)
| Site (Region) | Westernmost Longitude | Easternmost Longitude | Northernmost Latitude | Southernmost Latitude | Geodetic Datum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Para Western (Santarem) - km 83 Logged Forest Tower Site (Para Western (Santarem)) | 54.9707 | 54.9707 | 3.017 | 3.017 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
| Amazonas (Manaus) - ZF2 km 34 (Amazonas (Manaus)) | -60.2093 | -60.2093 | -2.6091 | -2.6091 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
| Acre - Catuaba Experimental Farm (Acre) | -67.629 | -67.629 | -10.073 | -10.073 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Time period:
Platform/Sensor/Parameters measured include:
Radiocarbon based measurements of diameter increment rates can be used to verify and extend short-term diameter increment measurements done with dendrometers. They can also be used to constrain models of tree demography.
Radiocarbon methods typically use 2-3 secondary standards with each batch of samples to assess overall accuracy. We tested a variety of methods for extraction and characterization of cellulose before opting to use the Jayme-Wise method (see Gaudinski et al. 2005 for details of the comparisons and the selected method procedures). We processed Firi-J wood (an IAEA standard for radiocarbon) to holocellulose using his method and included it as a secondary standard to demonstrate on an ongoing basis that our method did not introduce any changes in radiocarbon signature. Overall accuracy (based on our ability to reproduce radiocarbon standards over many different measurements and over a period of years) is plus or minus 3 per mil ( one standard deviation) for samples close to Modern values (see Xu et al. 2007).
Radiocarbon (14C) was used to determine age and mean diameter increment for a total of 97 individual trees. Samples were collected from permanent plots in three different forests located near Manaus (the BIONTE Project), Rio Branco (Catuaba) and Santarem (FLONA Tapajos). At the Catuaba site 10 trees in each diameter class (10-30 cm DBH, 30-50 cm DBH and > 50 cm DBH) were randomly selected for coring. At the Manaus and Santarem sites tree disks were collected from ongoing harvests at or near the permanent plot sites. At the Santarem site, most of the trees sampled fell into one diameter class due to the harvesting design.
Samples of ~5 mg wood were taken at intervals along the radius defined by the core or along the mean radius observed in a cut slab. Holocellulose was purified from wood, combusted (see Gaudinski et al. 2005; we used the Jaymne- Wise method described in that paper). The purified holocellulose was combusted in quartz tubes with cupric oxide wire and the resulting CO2 purified cryogenically and then reduced to a graphite target for accelerator mass spectrometry measurement of 14C at the Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility at UC Irvine (Xu et al. 2007; Southon and Santos 2004). An aliquot of the purified CO2 was sampled with a syringe, placed in a He-filled septum vial and analyzed for stable isotopes (13C) using a Gase-Bench II coupled to a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Xu et al. 2007).
For each tree we measured the radiocarbon age of the center portion of the tree and used the program OXCAL 3.0 to determine the calibrated ages for wood grown before 1950 (Ramsey 2001, Ramsey et al. 2001). For calibrated ages that fell between approx. 1650 and 1950 14C ages can be problematic due to variations in cosmogenic production of 14C. For samples that fell into this age category we either reported the center of the calibrated age range and used the oldest and youngest calendar ages as the stated error or extrapolated tree age from the more recent rates of diameter increment determined by radiocarbon history since 1950 (Cain and Suess 1976, Levin and Hesshamer 2000).
This data is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
Contact for Data Center Access Information:
E-mail: uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952
Cain, WF and Suess HE. 1976. J Geophysical Res Oceans Atmospheres 81: 3688-3694. doi:10.1029/JC081i021p03688
Gaudinski, J B, Dawson, T, Quideau, S, Schuur, EAG, Roden, J, Trumbore, S E, Sanquist, D R, Oh, S W and Wasylishen, R E. 2005. Analytical Chemistry, 77: 7212-7224.
Levin, I and Hesshamer V. 2000. Radiocarbon 42: 69-80.
Oxcal 3.0 (http://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/embed.php?File=oxcal.html )
Ramsey, CBD. 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 355-363
Ramsey, CB et al. 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 381-389.
Southon, JR and Santos GM. 2004. Radiocarbon 46: 33-39.
Stuivier and Polach. 1977. Radiocarbon 19, no.3: 355-363.
Xu, X, Trumbore, S, Zheng, S, Southon, JR, McDuffee, KM, Luttgen, M, Liu, JC. 2007. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B. doi: 10.1016/jnimb.2007.01.175.
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