This data set reports the results of measurements of (1) leaf-level photosynthesis response curves for the effects of temperature, leaf age, warming, irradiation, and circadian rhythm and (2) leaf-level photorespiration rates at 30 and 37 degrees C. Measurements were made between June 2000 and February 2006 at the km 83 Logged Forest Tower site, the km 67 Primary Forest Tower site, and the control site at Seca Floresta, all in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. There are 7 comma delimited ASCII data files with this data set.
Cite this data set as follows:
Doughty, C., Sousa, A, and Figueira, M. 2012. LBA-ECO CD-04 Leaf Photosynthesis and Respiration, Tapajos National Forest: 2000-2006. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1060
The LBA Data and Publication Policy [http://daac.ornl.gov/LBA/lba_data_policy.html] is in effect for a period of five (5) years from the date of archiving and should be followed by data users who have obtained LBA data sets from the ORNL DAAC. Users who download LBA data in the five years after data have been archived must contact the investigators who collected the data, per provisions 6 and 7 in the Policy.
This data set was archived in February of 2012. Users who download the data between February 2012 and January 2017 must comply with the LBA Data and Publication Policy.
Data users should use the investigator contact information in this document to communicate with the data provider. Alternatively, the LBA website [http://lba.inpa.gov.br/lba/] in Brazil will have current contact information.
Data users should use the Data Set Citation and other applicable references provided in this document to acknowledge use of the data.
Project: LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon)
Activity: LBA-ECO
LBA Science Component: Carbon Dynamics
Team ID: CD-04 (Goulden / Rocha)
The investigators were Goulden, Prof. Michael L.; Menton, Mary Catherine; Miller, Dr. Scott Dennis; Rocha, Prof. Humberto Ribeiro da; Freitas, Helber Custodio de; Figuera, Michela; Cleilim Albert Sousa; Rob Elliot; Ed Read; and Chris Doughty. You may contact Miller, Dr. Scott Dennis (sdmiller@uci.edu).
LBA Data Set Inventory ID: CD04_Leaf_level_Gas_Exchange
Our understanding of the regulation of gas exchange in tropical forest ecosystems lags behind that of temperate ecosystems despite the important role tropical forests play in the global carbon cycle. This data set provides measurements of leaf-level gas exchange under a variety of experimental conditions. Site measurements were made between June 2000 and February 2006 at the km 83 and km 67 sites and the control site at Seca Floresta, in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil.
Measurements of leaf-level gas exchange under a variety of experimental conditions were collected from three locations in the Tapajos National Forest, south of the city of Santarem in the state of Para. The data are presented in seven comma-delimited ASCII files.
File 1: CD04_Photosynthesis_Circadian_Santarem.csv
Measurements were made between June 2000 and August 2004 at the km 83 and 67 sites in the Tapajo´s National Forest, Para, Brazil (Doughty et al., 2006). Neither the specific site nor the specific date for sets of measurements were provided.
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Set | Unique identifier given to each set of measurements | |
| 2 | Obs | Observation number identifies consecutive measurements within a set | |
| 3 | Common_name | Common name, or not provided | |
| 4 | Scientific_name | Scientific name in the format Genus species or not provided | |
| 5 | Family | Scientific family or not provided | |
| 6 | Time | seconds | Seconds since start of set, actual measurements started at 20 minutes to allow for equilibration |
| 7 | Photo | umol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Photosynthesis rate reported as micromol CO2 fixed per meter squared of leaf area per second (umol CO2 m-2 s-1) |
| 8 | Cond | mol H2O m-2 s-1 | Stomatal conductance reported in moles of water per meter squared leaf area per second (mol H2O m-2 s-1) |
| 9 | Ci | umol CO2 mol air-1 | Intercellular CO2 concentration reported as micromoles of CO2 per mol of air (umol CO2 mol air-1) |
| 10 | VpdL | kPa | Vapor pressure deficit of the leaf reported in kilopascals (kPa) |
| 11 | T_air | degrees C | Air temperature in the chamber in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| 12 | T_leaf | degrees C | Leaf temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| 13 | CO2_ref | ppm | Atmospheric CO2 concentration in the reference chamber reported in parts per million (ppm) |
| 14 | H2O_ref | mmol H2O mol air-1 | Atmospheric water vapor concentration in the reference chamber reported in millimoles of water per mole of air (mmol H2O mol air-1) |
| 15 | RH_ref | % | Relative humidity in the reference chamber reported in percentage (%) |
| 16 | Flow | umol s-1 | Flow rate in chamber reported in micromoles of air per second (umol s-1) |
| 17 | PARi | umol m-2 s-1 | Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) flux in the chamber reported as micromoles of photons per meter squared per second (umol m-2 s-1): all wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm included in this measurement |
| 18 | Hour | digital hours | Local time using a 24 hour clock and presented in a digital hour format. When a continuous sampling set included samples on two calender days the time values on day 2 are time +24 for ease of x axis graphing ie 25.0 = 1 am on day 2 |
| 19 | Calibration | Observation from internal calibration mechanism | |
| Missing data values are represented as -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Set,Obs,Common_name,Scientific_name,Family,Time,Photo,Cond,Ci,VpdL,T_air, T_leaf,CO2_ref,H2O_ref,RH_ref,Flow,PARi,Hour,Calibration 1,1,abiu,Micropholis sp., Sapotaceae, 1428.2, 2.16, 0.0245, 211, 0.771, 26.25, 26.04, 369.6,25.152,73.02,103.8,100,10.917,none 1,2,abiu,Micropholis sp., Sapotaceae, 2631.2, 2.32, 0.0237, 188, 0.777, 26.1, 26.08, 370.6,25.735,75.35,323.5,100,11.25033333,none ... 9, 1,liana, Derris amazonica, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,714 2.33, 0.0356, 258 1.21, 30.33, 29.92, 373.65, 30.093, 68.58, 500, 199, 12.683333, none 9, 2, liana, Derris amazonica, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, 1314.5, 2.64, 0.0377, 251 1.16, 29.49, 29.94, 373.34, 30.717 73.42, 500.3, 198, 12.8499997,none ... 27, 72, cecropia, Distachya huber, Cecropiaceae,87917.3, 4.1, 0.0521, 245 1.36, 27.51 28.09, 386.2, 23.675, 63.97, 475, 100, 35,none 27, 73, cecropia, Distachya huber, Cecropiaceae,88245.3, 4.37, 0.0577, 246 1.38, 27.17, 28.08, 383.2, 23.771, 65.49, 688.3, 100, 35.1,none |
File 2: CD04_Photosynthesis_Temp_Curves_Santarem.csv
We made leaf-level measurements at two field sites, working off a 45 m tall scaffold tower at km 67 and a 30 m tall tower at km 83 (Doughty and Goulden, 2008). The specific site for each set of measurements was not provided.
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Set | Unique identifier given to each set of measurements | |
| 2 | Obs | Observation number within a set | |
| 3 | Year | YYYY | Sampling date: year |
| 4 | Month | MM | Sampling date: month (1-12) |
| 5 | Day | DD | Day of month (1-31) |
| 6 | Time | HH:MM:SS | Sampling time in local time (GMT -4) and 24 hour clock |
| 7 | Common_name | common name | |
| 8 | Scientific_name | Scientific name in the format Genus species | |
| 9 | Family | Scientific family | |
| 10 | Photo | umol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Photosynthesis rate reported as micromol CO2 fixed per meter squared of leaf area per second (umol CO2 m-2 s-1) |
| 11 | Cond | mol H2O m-2 s-1 | Stomatal conductance reported in moles of water per meter squared leaf area per second (mol H2O m-2 s-1) |
| 12 | Ci | umol CO2 mol air-1 | Intercellular CO2 concentration reported as micromols of CO2 per mol of air (umol CO2 mol air-1) |
| 13 | VpdL | kPa | Vapor pressure deficit of the leaf reported in kilopascals (kPa) |
| 14 | T_air | degrees C | Air temperature in the chamber in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| 15 | T_leaf | degrees C | Leaf temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| 16 | CO2_ref | ppm | Atmospheric CO2 concentration in the reference chamber reported in parts per million (ppm) |
| 17 | H2O_ref | mmol H2O mol air-1 | Atmospheric water vapor concentration in the reference chamber reported in millimoles of water per mole of air (mmol H2O mol air-1) |
| 18 | RH_ref | % | Relative humidity in the reference chamber reported in percentage (%) |
| 19 | Flow | umol s-1 | Flow rate in chamber reported in micromoles of air per second (umol s-1) |
| 20 | PARi | umol s-1 | Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) flux in the chamber reported as micromoles of photons per meter squared per second (umol m-2 s-1): all wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm included in this measurement |
| Missing data values are represented as -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Set,Obs,Year,Month,Day,Time,Common_name,Scientific_name,Family,Photo,Cond,Ci, VpdL,T_air,T_leaf,CO2_ref,H2O_ref,RH_ref,Flow,PARi 1,1,2005,10,04,13:51:41,jarana,Lecythis lurida, Lecythidaceae, 10.1, 0.0791, 142, 1.24,26.55,29.45,368.79,28.07,79.51,500.3,999 1,2,2005,10,04,13:52:01,jarana,Lecythis lurida, Lecythidaceae, 10.4, 0.087, 154, 1.23,26.54,29.43,368.41,28.001,79.35,500.3,999 ... 21, 1, 2005, 10, 29, 11:03:47, abiu, Micropholis sp., Sapotaceae, 4.8, 0.0394, 152, 1.74, 27.58, 30.61, 363.08, 26.149, 69.9, 500.3, 1000, 21, 2, 2005, 10, 29, 11:04:08, abiu, Micropholis sp., Sapotaceae, 4.78, 0.0396, 154, 1.72, 27.49, 30.54, 362.89, 26.167, 70.31, 500.3, 999, ... 29, 12:51:10, louro, Sextonia rubra, Lauraceae, 6.55, 0.0557, 155, 2.26, 28.57, 31.75, 364.32, 23.285, 58.64, 500.3, 1000, 29, 12:51:31, louro, Sextonia rubra, Lauraceae, 6.56, 0.0574, 160, 2.23, 28.46, 31.64, 364.43, 23.219, 58.85, 500.2, 1000 |
File 3: CD04_Photosynthesis_Warming_30_Santarem.csv
Leaf-level measurements at three field sites, km 67, km 83, and Seca Floresta. The specific site for each set of measurements was not provided.
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Year | YYYY | Sampling date: year |
| 2 | Month | MM | Sampling date: month (1-12) |
| 3 | Day | DD | Sampling date: day ( 1-31) |
| 4 | Day_of _year | day | Sampling date as day of year (1-366) |
| 5 | Common_name | Common name: gap refers to pioneer species found in a gap located approximately 50 m from the tower | |
| 6 | Scientific_name | Scientific name in the format Genus species or not provided | |
| 7 | Family | Scientific family or not provided | |
| 8 | Leaf_ID | Leaf ID number | |
| 9 | Photo | umol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Photosynthesis rate reported as micromol CO2 fixed per meter squared of leaf area per second (umol CO2 m-2 s-1) |
| 10 | Cond | mol H2O m-2 s-1 | Stomatal conductance reported in moles of water per meter squared leaf area per second (mol H2O m-2 s-1) |
| 11 | Ci | umol CO2 mol air-1 | Intercellular CO2 concentration reported as micromols of CO2 per mol of air (umol CO2 mol air-1) |
| 12 | T_leaf | degrees C | Leaf temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| 13 | Warm | Leaf warmed (1=yes, 0=no) | |
| Missing data values are represented as -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Year,Month,Day,Day_of _year, Common_name, Scientific_name, Family, Leaf_ID, Photo,
Cond,Ci,T_leaf,Warm 2005,08,16,228,abiu,Micropholis sp. ,Sapotaceae ,11,2,0.017,190,30,0 2005,08,16,228,abiu,Micropholis sp. ,Sapotaceae ,12,1.7,0.015,190,30,0 ... 2007,01,16,381,liana1,Serjania sp.,Sapindaceae,11,7.5,0.07,200,30,1 2007,01,16,381,liana1,Serjania sp.,Sapindaceae,12,8,0.1,230,30,1 ... 2006,01,23,388,gap,not provided,not provided,51,7,0.25,345,30,0 2006,01,23,388,gap,not provided,not provided,52,6,0.3,350,30,0 |
File 4: CD04_Photosynthesis_Warming_37_Santarem.csv
Leaf-level measurements at three field sites, km 67, km 83, and Seca Floresta. The specific site for each set of measurements was not provided.
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Year | YYYY | Sampling date: year |
| 2 | Month | MM | Sampling date: month (1-12) |
| 3 | Day | DD | Sampling date: day ( 1-31) |
| 4 | Day_of _year | day | Sampling date as day of year (1-366) |
| 5 | Common_name | Common name (gap refers to pioneer species found in a gap located approximately 50 m from the tower) | |
| 6 | Scientific_name | Scientific name in the format Genus species or "not provided" | |
| 7 | Family | Scientific family or "not provided" | |
| 8 | Leaf_ID | Leaf ID number | |
| 9 | Photo_initial | umol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Initial photosynthesis rate reported as micromol CO2 fixed per meter squared of leaf area per second (umol CO2 m-2 s-1) |
| 10 | Photo_post | umol m-2 s-1 | Photosynthesis rate after 3-5 minutes of incubation reported as micromol CO2 fixed per meter squared of leaf area per second (umol CO2 m-2 s-1) |
| 11 | Delta_photo | umol m-2 s-1 | Difference between initial and post incubation photosynthesis rates |
| 12 | Cond_initial | mol m-2 s-1 | Initial stomatal conductance reported in moles of water per meter squared leaf area per second (mol H2O m-2 s-1) |
| 13 | Cond_post | mol m-2 s-1 | Stomatal conductance after 3-5 minutes of incubation reported in moles of water per meter squared leaf area per second (mol H2O m-2 s-1) |
| 14 | Delta_cond | mol m-2 s-1 | Difference between initial and post incubation conductance rates |
| 15 | Ci_initial | umol CO2 mol air-1 | Initial intercellular CO2 concentration reported as micromols of CO2 per mol of air (umol CO2 mol air-1) |
| 16 | Ci_post | umol CO2 mol air-1 | Intercellular CO2 concentration after 3-5 minutes of incubation reported as micromols of CO2 per mol of air (umol CO2 mol air-1) |
| 17 | T_leaf | degrees C | Leaf temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| 18 | Warm | Leaf warmed (1=yes, 0=no) | |
| Missing data values are represented as -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Year,Month,Day,Day_of_year,Common_name,Scientific_name,Family,Leaf_ID,Photo_initial,Photo_post,Delta_photo, Cond_initial,Cond_post,Delta_cond,Ci_initial,Ci_post,T_leaf,Warm 2005,08,16,228,abiu, Micropholis sp. ,Sapotaceae, 11, 0.5, -0.1 0.6, 0.01, 0.005,0.005,280,360,40,0 2005,08,16,228,abiu, Micropholis sp. ,Sapotaceae, 12, -0.1, -0.3 0.2, 0.008, 0.008,0,350,335,40,0 ... 2005,01,17,382,tachi,Tachigali mymercophyla,Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae,42,6.5, 0,6.5,0.14,0.02,0.12,250,-9999,38 2005,09,09,252,tree2,Caraipa sp.,not provided,11,1.5, -0.5,2,0.27,0.011,0.259,260,-9999,39.5 ... 2007,01,23,388,gap,not provided,not provided,61,6, 6,0,0.28,0.28,0,360,not provided,not provided 2007,01,23,388,gap,not provided,not provided,71,7, 7,0,0.12,0.12,0,300,not provided,not provided |
File 5: CD04_Photorespiration_Warming_Santarem.csv
Leaf-level measurements at three field sites, km 67, km 83, and Seca Floresta. The specific site for each set of measurements was not provided.
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Year | YYYY | Sampling date: year |
| 2 | Month | MM | Sampling date: month (1-12) |
| 3 | Day | DD | Sampling date: day ( 1-31) |
| 4 | Common_name | Common name: gap refers to pioneer species found in a gap located approximately 50 m from the tower | |
| 5 | Scientific_name | Scientific name in the format Genus species or "not provided" | |
| 6 | Family | Scientific family or not provided | |
| 7 | Leaf_ID | Leaf ID number | |
| 8 | Oxygen | % | Oxygen level (2% or ambient) |
| 9 | Photo | umol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Photosynthesis rate reported as micromol CO2 fixed per meter squared of leaf area per second (umol CO2 m-2 s-1) |
| 10 | Cond | mol H2O m-2 s-1 | Stomatal conductance reported in moles of water per meter squared leaf area per second (mol H2O m-2 s-1) |
| 11 | Ci | umol CO2 mol air-1 | Intercellular CO2 concentration reported as micromols of CO2 per mol of air (umol CO2 mol air-1) |
| 12 | T_leaf | degrees C | Leaf temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| Missing data values are represented as -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Year,Month,Day,Common_name,Scientific_name,Family,Leaf_ID,Oxygen,Photo,Cond,Ci,T_leaf 2005,12,16,abiu, Micropholis sp. ,Sapotaceae,11,2,2,0.035,250,36 2005,12,16,abiu, Micropholis sp. ,Sapotaceae,12,2,6.5,0.16,270,37 ... 2006,01,28,copaiba,Copaifera duckei,Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae,12,ambient,2.5,0.045,260,30 2006,01,28,copaiba,Copaifera duckei,Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae,13,ambient,6.5,0.12,260,30 ... 2006,01,25,gap,not provided,not provided,31,2,7.5,0.19,280,30 2006,01,25,gap,not provided,not provided,32,2,8,0.2,260,32 |
File 6: CD04_Photosynthesis_Subcanopy_Lightcurves_Santarem.csv
Understory species leaf level measurements were made at two field sites, km 67 and km 83. Neither the specific site nor the specific date for sets of measurements were provided.
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Set | Unique identifier given to each set of measurements | |
| 2 | Obs | Observation number within a set | |
| 3 | Time | HH:MM:SS | Start time for measurement set in local time (GMT -4) on a 24 hour clock |
| 4 | Height | m | Canopy height from the ground measured in meters |
| 5 | Time | seconds | Seconds since start of measurement |
| 6 | Photo | umol CO2 m-2 s-1 | Photosynthesis rate reported as micromol CO2 fixed per meter squared of leaf area per second (umol CO2 m-2 s-1) |
| 7 | Cond | mol H2O m-2 s-1 | Stomatal conductance reported in moles of water per meter squared leaf area per second (mol H2O m-2 s-1) |
| 8 | Ci | umol CO2 mol air-1 | Intercellular CO2 concentration reported as micromols of CO2 per mol of air (umol CO2 mol air-1) |
| 9 | VpdL | kPa | Vapor pressure deficit of the leaf reported in kilopascals (kPa) |
| 10 | T_air | degrees C | Air temperature in the chamber in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| 11 | T_leaf | degrees C | Leaf temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| 12 | C02_ref | ppm | Atmospheric CO2 concentration in the reference chamber reported in parts per million (ppm) |
| 13 | H20_ref | mmol H2O mol air-1 | Atmospheric water vapor concentration in the reference chamber reported in millimoles of water per mole of air (mmol H2O mol air-1) |
| 14 | RH_ref | % | Relative humidity in the reference chamber reported in percentage (%) |
| 15 | Flow | umol s-1 | Flow rate in chamber reported in micromoles of air per second (umol s-1) |
| 16 | PARi | umol m-2 s-1 | Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) flux in the chamber reported as micromoles of photons per meter squared per second (umol m-2 s-1): all wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm included in this measurement |
| Missing data values are represented as -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Set,Obs,Time,Height,Time,Photo,Cond,Ci,VpdL,T_air,T_leaf,CO2_ref,H2O_ref,RH_ref,Flow,PARi 1,1,10:53:40,3,628.3,-1.04,0.0548,-9999,1.15,27.4,27.07,367.9,23.499,63.83,343.1,0 1,2,10:53:40,3,844.3,1.44,0.0484,308,1.14,27.28,27.06,365.4,23.615,64.6,334.3,25 ... 47,1,12:56:20,3,241,2.5,0.00139,-9999,1.09,25.68,28.97,380.5,29.054,87.11,26,1801 47,2,12:56:20,3,423.2,1.8,0.00719,-9999,0.827,25.8,28.12,363.7,28.735,85.53,25.4,1201 ... 105,6,15:12:36,32,648.7,-0.063,0.0143,379,1.03,26.72,26.7,378,22.14,62.12,30.1,49 105,7,15:12:36,32,723.1,-0.312,0.0154,-9999,1.02,26.86,26.78,377.9,22.284,62,30.3,-1 |
File 7: CD04_Photosynthesis_Leaf_Age_Santarem.csv
Leaf-level measurements at three field sites, km 67, km 83, and Seca Floresta. The specific site for measurements was not provided.
| Column | Column Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Year | YYYY | Sampling date: year |
| 2 | Month | MM | Sampling date: month (1-12) |
| 3 | Day | DD | Sampling date: day ( 1-31) |
| 4 | Day_of _year | day | Sampling date as day of year (1-366) |
| 5 | Common_name | Common name: gap refers to pioneer species found in a gap located approximately 50 m from the tower | |
| 6 | Scientific_name | Scientific name in the format Genus species | |
| 7 | Family | Scientific family | |
| 8 | Leaf_ID | Leaf number | |
| 9 | Photo | umol m-2 s-1 | Photosynthesis rate reported as micromol CO2 fixed per meter squared of leaf area per second (umol CO2 m-2 s-1) |
| 10 | Cond | mol H2O m-2 s-1 | Stomatal conductance reported in moles of water per meter squared leaf area per second (mol H2O m-2 s-1) |
| 11 | Ci | umol CO2 mol air-1 | Intercellular CO2 concentration reported as micromols of CO2 per mol of air (umol CO2 mol air-1) |
| 12 | T_leaf | degrees C | Leaf temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees C) |
| 13 | Age_leaf | years | Approximate age of leaf in years |
| Missing data values are represented as -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Year,Month,Day,Day_of_Year,Common_name,Scientific_name,Family,Leaf_ID,Photo,Cond,Ci,T_leaf
,Age_leaf 2005,10,26,299,tachi,Tachigali mymercophyla,Caesalpiniaceae,21,14,0.45,300,30,0 2005,10,26,299,tachi,Tachigali mymercophyla,Caesalpiniaceae,22,14,0.35,280,30,0 ... 2004,10,27,300,jarana,Lecythis lurida,Lecythidaceae,11,4.95,0.0596,213,30,1 2004,10,29,302,jarana,Lecythis lurida,Lecythidaceae,11,7.13,0.0554,138,30,1 ... 2005,9,28,271,jarana,Lecythis lurida,Lecythidaceae,41,5.5,0.11,300,30,2 2005,9,28,271,jarana,Lecythis lurida,Lecythidaceae,42,3.2,0.06,290,30,2 |
Site boundaries: (All latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees)
| Site (Region) | Westernmost Longitude | Easternmost Longitude | Northernmost Latitude | Southernmost Latitude | Geodetic Datum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Para Western (Santarem) - km 83 Logged Forest Tower (Para Western (Santarem)) | -54.9707 | -54.9707 | -3.017 | -3.017 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
| Para Western (Santarem) - km 67 Seca-Floresta Site (Para Western (Santarem)) | -55.00000 | -55.00000 | -2.75000 | -2.75000 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
| Para Western (Santarem) - km 67 Primary Forest Tower Site (Para Western (Santarem)) | -54.95900 | -54.95900 | -2.85700 | -2.85700 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Time period:
Platform/Sensor/Parameters measured include:
Both modeling and observational research have focused on the direct effects of the physical environment on plant physiology. Our data address both effects of the physical environment (including light and temperature) as well as endogenous patterns (circadian rhythm) on gas exchange at the leaf level. These data are fundamental to the modeling of gas exchange at the level of the leaf or individual and inform larger-scale (Net Ecosystem Exchange) approaches as well.
The data have been checked and there are a few problems at this time.
Known Problem: For all data files, the specific site at which measurements were made was not provided. For files 1 and 6, circadian and subcanopy measurements, no specific measurement dates were provided. The vegetation species for many leaf measurements were not identified or reported.
Measurements were made between June 2000 and February 2006 at the km 83 and 67 sites and the control site at the Seca Floresta experiment (Nepstad et al. 2002) in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil [Goulden et al., 2004; Saleska et al., 2003]. The vegetation was semi-deciduous closed tropical forest with canopy emergents on flat upland terrain.
Circadian rhythm: [File 1- CD04_Photosynthesis_Circadian_Santarem.csv]
Measurements were made between June 2000 and August 2004 at the km 83 and 67 sites in the Tapajo´s National Forest, Para, Brazil (Doughty et al., 2006). Neither the specific site nor the specific date for sets of measurements were provided. The gas exchange rates of 56 leaves exposed to constant conditions for 20 to 48 hours in light and 6 leaves in darkness were measured with a LiCor 6400 gas exchange system. Most of the illuminated measurements were made at a Photon Flux Density (PPFD) of 100 micromol m-2 s-1, a leaf temperature of 30 degrees C, a chamber CO2 concentration of 370 micromol mol-1 air, and either a constant chamber vapor pressure or a constant flow through the chamber. Some runs were made at a PPFD of 1000 micromol m-2 s-1 or without temperature control or without CO2 control. The neighboring leaves on the branch being tested were kept in darkness, and a larger section of the branch was shaded under a tarp, throughout each run. Leaves were accessed on the ground or from scaffolding. Plants were identified following Ribero et al. [1999].
Temperature curves:
[File 2- CD04_Photosynthesis_Temp_Curves_Santarem.csv]
Leaf level measurements were made at two field sites, working off a 45 m tall scaffold tower at
km 67 and a 30-m tall tower at km 83 (Doughty and Goulden, 2008). The specific site for sets of measurements was not provided. We visited the field at least once a week from August to December 2004 to make photosynthesis measurements on three focal species (Sextonia rubra, Micropholis sp., Lecythis lurida) using a portable gas exchange system (LI 6400, Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln, NE). Repeated measurements were made of the response of leaf gas exchange to irradiance, holding leaf temperature constant at 30 degrees C, and the response to leaf temperature, holding flow, irradiance and CO2 concentration constant. The temperature response curves were made by placing leaves in the chamber at 30 degrees C and 1000 micromol m-2s-1,
allowing conditions to equilibrate for several minutes, and then raising the
temperature in the chamber while recording the observations every 20 seconds.
Each temperature response curve took 10 to 20 minutes, and the maximum
achievable temperature was approximately 42 degrees C. Observations immediately
after the initial temperature increase were often out of calibration and were
removed from subsequent analysis.
Warming measurements:
The field campaign lasted from July 2005 to February 2006 and focused on six canopy top tree species and two canopy top liana species accessed with three canopy access towers and 6 gap specialist species in a gap at
km 83. We studied two species accessible from a 30 m scaffold tower at the km
83 site, four species from a 45 m scaffold tower at km 67, and two species from a 30 m tower at the control site, Seca Floresta.
The specific site for sets of measurements was not provided.
Photosynthesis [File 3- CD04_Photosynthesis_Warming_30_Santarem.csv and File 4- CD04_Photosynthesis_Warming_37_Santarem.csv]
Leaf-level gas exchange was measured once a week at all sites from July 2005 to February 2006 using a portable gas exchange system (LI 6400, Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln, NE). The rates of gas exchange were measured under a standardized set of conditions (temperature 30 degrees C and approximately 37 degrees C; PPFD 1000 micromol m-2s-1; ambient CO2).
Electric resistance heaters powered by solar panels were used to continuously warm four individual leaves for each species. Each heater was composed of a constantan wire (30 ohms) wrapped in aluminum foil and folded into approximately 40 cm2. Six volts were ran through the wire (1.2 Watts) and placed the heaters approximately 2 cm below the leaves by attaching them to the petiole with wire. A nighttime comparison of leaf temperatures between 5 heated leaves and a non-heated leaf on a night when the leaf thermocouple positions were verified, showed the electric resistance heaters warmed the leaves by an average of 1.96 degrees C plus/minus 1.4 degrees C (SD) at night.
Photorespiration [File 5- CD04_Photorespiration_Warming_Santarem.csv]
CO2 concentration over time was measured at 2 percent oxygen to estimate the rate of photorespiration. The composition of the air entering the gas exchange system was regulated by mixing 10 percent ambient air with 90 percent pure nitrogen from a tank, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration entering the system to approximately 2 percent. The gas mixture was then scrubbed of CO2, and pure CO2 was injected to bring the CO2 mixing ratio to 370 ppm. Photorespiration rates for leaves were determined at PPFD 1000 micromol m-2s-1 and 30 and 37 degrees C. The gas exchange observations at 37 degrees C were recorded before significant stomatal closure.
Sub-canopy measurements:
[File 6- CD04_Photosynthesis_Subcanopy_Lightcurves_Santarem.csv]
The leaf-level gas exchange using scaffold towers at the km 83 and km
67 field sites
was measured from the following sub-canopy and understory species: Eschweilera amazonica, Lecythis sp., Chimarrhis turbinate, Faramea platyneura,
and Sclerolobium paraense.
A portable gas exchange system (LI 6400, Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln, NE) was
used in April and May 2002 to measure the rates of gas exchange under various irradiance
levels (PPFD 0, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 1800 micromol m-2 s-1) at
constant temperature (30 degrees C) and ambient CO2. We grouped the data as
understory (0-10 meters), and sub-canopy species (10-25 meters).
Effect of leaf age:
[File 7- CD04_Photosynthesis_Leaf_Age_Santarem.csv]
The leaf-level gas exchange
in the canopy was measured from scaffold platforms (Doughty et al. 2006; Doughty and Goulden 2008) at the LBA-ECO
km 83, km 67, and Seca Floresta field sites. The km 83 scaffold was located within 300 meters of the main eddy flux tower.
A portable gas exchange system (LI 6400, Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln, NE) was
used at the km 83 site from August to December 2004 and at all of the sites from August to January 2005.
The rates of gas exchange were measured under a standardized set of conditions (temperature 30 degrees C; PPFD 1000 micromol m-2s-1;
ambient CO2). We repeatedly measured two leaves on each of two branches for
canopy species, and returned to a leaf until it abscised, at which point we
chose another nearby leaf.
This data is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) or the EOS Data Gateway.
Contact for Data Center Access Information:
E-mail: uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952
Doughty, C.E., M.L. Goulden, S.D. Miller and H.R. da Rocha. 2006. Circadian rhythms constrain leaf and canopy gas exchange in an Amazonian forest. Geophysical Research Letters 33: L15404, doi:10.1029/2006GL026750.
Doughty, C.E., and M.L. Goulden. 2008. Are tropical forests near a high temperature threshold? J. Geophys. Res., 113, G00B07, doi:10.1029/2007JG000632.
Goulden, M.L. et al., 2004. Diel and seasonal patterns of tropical forest CO2 exchange. Ecological Applications 14: S24-S54.
Nepstad D.C., Moutinho P., Dias M.B., Davidson E., Cardinot G., Markewitz D., Figueiredo R., Vianna N., Chambers, J., Ray D., Guerreiros, J.B., Lefebvre P., Sternberg, L., Moreira M., Barros, L., Ishida, F.Y., Tohlver, I., Belk, E., Kalif, K., and K. Schwalbe, 2002. The effects of partial throughfall exclusion on canopy processes, aboveground production, and biogeochemistry of an Amazon forest JGR- Atmospheres, 107 D20 Article Number: 8085.
Ribero, J.E. et al. 1999. Flora da Reserva Ducke (in Portuguese), 799 pages Dep. for Int. Dev. Manaus, Brazil.
Saleska, S.R. et al., 2003. Carbon in Amazon forests: Unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses. Science 302: 1554-1557.
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