Data are reported for leaf water potential of leaves of seven species of trees and lianas from the primary forest at the km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, and measurements of five sapling tree species and the grass Brachiaria brizantha from a pasture site located near the km 77 Pasture Tower Site, approximately 10 km from the primary forest site. The research area is situated within the Tapajos National Forest reserve, south of the city of Santarem, Para, Brazil. Measurements were made quarterly between March 2000 and March 2001. There is one comma-delimited data file with this data set.
Cite this data set as follows:
Almeida, D.,T.F. Domingues, J. Ehleringer, L.A. Martinelli, C. Cook, L. Flanagan, J. Berry, and J.P. Ometto. 2012. LBA-ECO CD-02 Leaf Water Potential, Forest and Pasture Sites, Para, Brazil: 2000-2001. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1100
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This data set was archived in July of 2012. Users who download the data between July 2012 and June 2017 must comply with the LBA Data and Publication Policy.
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Data users should use the Data Set Citation and other applicable references provided in this document to acknowledge use of the data.
Project: LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon)
Activity: LBA-ECO
LBA Science Component: Carbon Dynamics
Team ID: CD-02 (Ehleringer / Martinelli)
The investigators were Cook, Craig; Domingues, Tomas Ferreira; Ehleringer, James; Flanagan, Lawrence; Martinelli, Luiz Antonio; Ometto, Jean Pierre H.B.; Berry, Joseph and Almeida, Diane. You may contact Domingues, Tomas (tdomingu@staffmail.ed.ac.uk).
LBA Data Set Inventory ID: CD02_Leaf_Water_Potential
Data are reported for leaf water potential of leaves of seven species of trees and lianas from the primary forest at the km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, and measurements of five sapling tree species and the grass Brachiaria brizantha from a pasture site located near the km 77 Pasture Tower Site, approximately 10 km from the primary forest site. The research area is situated within the Tapajos National Forest reserve, south of the city of Santarem, Para, Brazil. Measurements were made quarterly between March 2000 and March 2001.
Data are presented in one comma-delimited ASCII file: CD02_Leaf_Water_Potential.csv.
| Column | Heading | units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Site | Sampling location | |
| 2 | Date | yyyymmdd | Sampling date (yyyymmdd) |
| 3 | Time | Sampling time: either predawn or midday | |
| 4 | Vegetation | Surrounding vegetation: either forest or pasture | |
| 5 | Common_name | Common name of the species sampled where known | |
| 6 | Scientific_name | Scientific name (genus species) of the species sampled where known | |
| 7 | LWP_1 | MPa | The 1st of 6 replicate measurements of leaf water potential made with a Scholender's pressure chamber, in mega Pascals (MPa) |
| 8 | LWP_2 | MPa | The 2nd of 6 replicate measurements of leaf water potential made with a Scholender's pressure chamber, in mega Pascals (MPa) |
| 9 | LWP_3 | MPa | The 3rd of 6 replicate measurements of leaf water potential made with a Scholender's pressure chamber, in mega Pascals (MPa) |
| 10 | LWP_4 | MPa | The 4th of 6 replicate measurements of leaf water potential made with a Scholender's pressure chamber, in mega Pascals (MPa) |
| 11 | LWP_5 | MPa | The 5th of 6 replicate measurements of leaf water potential made with a Scholender's pressure chamber, in mega Pascals (MPa) |
| 12 | LWP_6 | MPa | The 6th of 6 replicate measurements of leaf water potential made with a Scholender's pressure chamber, in mega Pascals (MPa) |
| 13 | Mean_LWP | Mean leaf water potential for the individual based on an average of the measurements made | |
| 14 | St_dev_LWP | Standard deviation of the mean leaf water potential | |
| Missing data are represented by -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Site,Date,Time,Vegetation,Common_name,Scientific_name,LWP_1,LWP_2,LWP_3,LWP_4,LWP_5,LWP_6,Mean_LWP,St_dev_LWP STM km 67 tower,20000321,Predawn,forest,Breu,Protium sp.,-0.05,-0.05,-0.05,-9999,-9999,-9999,-0.05,0 STM km 67 tower,20000321,Predawn,forest,Caferana,Coussarea racemosa,-0.05,-0.05,-0.05,-9999,-9999,-9999,-0.05,0 ... STM km 67 tower,20001012,Predawn,forest,Breu,Protium sp.,-0.1,-0.2,-0.15,-9999,-9999,-9999,-0.15,0.05 STM km 67 tower,20001012,Predawn,forest,Caferana,Coussarea racemosa,-0.25,-0.2,-0.2,-9999,-9999,-9999,-0.22,0.03 ... STM km 77 tower,20010302,Midday,pasture,Shrub 7,Not identified,-0.2,-0.25,-0.25,-9999,-9999,-9999,-0.23,0.03 STM km 77 tower,20010302,Midday,pasture,Shrub 8,Not identified,-0.25,-0.25,-0.25,-9999,-9999,-9999,-0.25,0 |
Site boundaries: (All latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees)
| Site (Region) | Westernmost Longitude | Easternmost Longitude | Northernmost Latitude | Southernmost Latitude | Geodetic Datum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Para Western (Santarem) - km 67 Primary Forest Tower Site (Para Western (Santarem)) | -54.95900 | -54.95900 | -2.85700 | -2.85700 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
| Para Western (Santarem) - km 77 Pasture Tower Site (Para Western (Santarem)) | -54.88850 | -54.88850 | -3.02020 | -3.02020 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Time period
Platform/Sensor/Parameters measured include:
These data, in combination with leaf level gas flux measurements, can be used to better understand ecophysiological parameters related to leaf level water and carbon fluxes, and the influence of wet and dry season on gas exchange parameters.
Data have been checked and no further changes are anticipated.
Site description:
Measurements and leaf collections occurred at both undisturbed
eastern Amazonian lowland tropical rain forest and pasture ecosystems, between
March 2000 and March 2001, covering both wet and dry seasons. Edaphic and
biological information about these sites were presented elsewhere (Silver et
al., 2000, Vieira et al., 2004). The forest site
was situated within the Tapajos National Forest reserve of the Brazilian
Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) located 67 km
south of the city of Santarem, in the state of Para. Annual precipitation
averaged 2,097 mm per year between 1999 and 2003. From July through November that region usually experiences a
five month dry season when precipitation averages less than 100 mm
per month. Daily evapotranspiration averages 3.6 mm per day during the wet season and 4 mm
per day during the dry season, while soil water content at a depth of 10 cm typically remained above 0.3 cm3 cm-3 (da Rocha et al. 2004). Air temperature above the canopy varies little throughout the year with maximum daily
temperatures ranging between 24 and 32 degrees C and minimum daily temperatures ranging between 20 and 25 degrees C (Goulden et al., 2004).
The km 77 Pasture Tower Site site used in this study was located approximately 10 km from the primary forest site and is subject to similar regional climatic patterns. The pasture was characteristic of an old (ca. 13 years) cattle ranch farm planted with the C4 grass Brachiaria brizantha Stapf.
and moderately colonized by saplings of forest species (Sakai et al., 2004).
Sampling of foliage:
Leaves of seven tree and liana species were collected pre-dawn and mid-day from the two 25 m walk-up towers adjacent to the eddy covariance tower at the site during
four field trips spanning from the wet season of 2000 to the wet season of 2001.
At the pasture site,
samples were collected from five sapling species and the grass Brachiaria brizantha during the wet and dry seasons of 2001.
Four to five leaves were collected from each individual and stored inside plastic bags containing
wet paper towels, and then placed inside a cooler containing ice.
Leaf water potential measurements:
Analyses of leaf water potential were made within two hours after cutting the plant material. Six replicate measurements were made on each sample. Pre-dawn and mid-day leaf water potentials were
measured with a Scholander pressure chamber (Plant Water Status Console, Model 3005-1422, Soil Moisture Corp., Goleta, CA).
This data is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
Contact for Data Center Access Information:
E-mail: uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952
da Rocha, H.R., M.L. Goulden, S.D. Miller, M.C. Menton, L.D.V.O. Pinto, H.C. de Freitas and A.M. e S. Figueira. 2004. Seasonality of water and heat fluxes over a tropical forest in eastern Amazonia. Ecol. Appl. 14:22-32.
Goulden, M.L., S.D. Miller, H.R. da Rocha, M.C. Menton, H.C. de Freitas, A.M.E.S. Figueira, and C.A.D. de Sousa. 2004. Diel and seasonal patterns of tropical forest CO2 exchange. Ecological Applications 14(4):S42-55.
Sakai, R.K., D.R. Fitzjarrald, O.L.L. Moraes, R.M. Staebler, O.C. Acevedo, M.J. Czikowsky, R. Da Silva, E. Brait, and V. Miranda. 2004. Land-use change effects on local energy, water, and carbon balances in an Amazonian agricultural field. Global Change Biology 10(5):895-907.
Silver, W.L., J. Neff, M. McGroddy, E. Veldkamp, M. Keller, and R. Cosme. 2000. Effects of soil texture on belowground carbon and nutrient storage in a lowland Amazonian forest ecosystem. Ecosystems 3(2):193-209.
Vieira, S., P.B. de Camargo, D. Selhorst, R. Da Silva, L. Hutyra, J.Q. Chambers, I.F. Brown, N. Higuchi, J. dos Santos, S.C. Wofsy, S.E. Trumbore, and L.A. Martinelli. 2004. Forest structure and carbon dynamics in Amazonian tropical rain forests. Oecologia 140(3):468-479.