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DAILY RAINFALL DATA (FIFE)
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Daily Rainfall Data (FIFE)

Summary:

The FIFE Daily Rainfall Data Set contains daily precipitation values for 42 rain gauge stations within the Konza LTER portion of the FIFE site (i.e., Northwest quadrant). The data set is a composite of data collected by the LTER staff and the Princeton University group.

The LTER staff collected daily precipitation data from 12 of the 42 rain gauge stations within this area with the Princeton University group collecting 30 minute precipitation data from the remaining 30 stations. LTER data was collected from April 1982 through December 1989. Data collected by the LTER staff was year round for some stations and from April 1 to October 31 for others. The Princeton University group collected data from May 1987 to October 1987. The Princeton University 30 minute precipitation data was converted to daily precipitation data by the FIS staff. At any particular time, data from approximately 20 of the 30 Princeton University stations were recovered. High temperatures and humidity, plus software problems in the rainfall data loggers, resulted in these data losses. The collected data were of high quality and enough gauges were working at all times so that rain cells could be observed using these data.

Table of Contents:

  1. Data Set Overview
  2. Investigator(s)
  3. Theory of Measurements
  4. Equipment
  5. Data Acquisition Methods
  6. Observations
  7. Data Description
  8. Data Organization
  9. Data Manipulations
  10. Errors
  11. Notes
  12. Application of the Data Set
  13. Future Modifications and Plans
  14. Software
  15. Data Access
  16. Output Products and Availability
  17. References
  18. Glossary of Terms
  19. List of Acronyms
  20. Document Information

1. Data Set Overview:

Data Set Identification:

Daily Rainfall Data (FIFE).
(Daily Rainfall Amounts in the Konza Research Area).

Data Set Introduction:

The FIFE Daily Rainfall Data Set contains daily precipitation values for 42 rain gauge stations within the Konza LTER portion of the FIFE site (i.e., Northwest quadrant). The data set is a composite of data collected by the LTER staff and the Princeton University group.

Objective/Purpose:

The FIFE Staff Science efforts to collect precipitation data focused on quantifying the spatial variation of rainfall across the Long-Term Ecological Research site (LTER) portion of the FIFE site. The data collected by Princeton University in the Kings Creek catchment and subcatchments were focused on determining the major elements of the water balance of these catchments using catchment, water-budget models with a temporal resolution of 20 days.

Summary of Parameters:

Total daily rainfall.

Discussion:

This data set contains daily precipitation values for 42 rain gauge stations within the Konza LTER portion of the FIFE site (i.e., Northwest quadrant).

The LTER staff collected daily precipitation data from 12 of the 42 rain gauge stations within this area. LTER data was collected from April 1982 through December 1989. The number of LTER stations collecting data over this period varied from 1 in April 1982 to 11 in December 1989. Data collected by the LTER staff was year round for some stations and from April 1 to October 31 for others.

The Princeton University group collected 30 minute precipitation data from 30 of the 42 rain gauge stations within this area from May 1987 to October 1987. The Princeton University 30 minute precipitation data was converted to daily precipitation data by the FIS staff. At any particular time, data from approximately 20 of the 30 Princeton University stations were recovered. High temperatures and humidity, plus software problems in the rainfall data loggers, resulted in these data losses. The collected data were of high quality and enough gauges were working at all times so that rain cells could be observed using these data.

Related Data Sets:

FIS Data Base Table Name:

RAIN_DAILY_DATA.

2. Investigator(s):

Investigator(s) Name and Title:

Staff Science.

Title of Investigation:

These data were compiled from two different FIFE research activities:

  1. the Staff Science Soil Moisture and Hydrology Data Acquisition Program, lead by the staff at Kansas State University, and
  2. A Terrestrial Water Balance for FIFE, administered by Eric Wood at Princeton University.

Contact Information:

All Data:

K. Fred Huemmrich
NASA/GSFC
Greenbelt, MD
Tel. (301) 286-4862
Email: fred@ltpsun.gsfc.nasa.gov

LTER data

Dr. John Briggs
Kansas State University
Manhattan, KS
Tel. (913) 532-6629
Email: jmb@andro.konza.ksu.edu

Requested Form of Acknowledgment.

The original rainfall daily amounts were collected by the staff of the civil engineering department at Princeton University, and Kansas State University. The assistance of John Briggs at the KSU LTER site in directing and preparing these data is particularly appreciated. The data from the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site were collected under the Konza Prairie LTER grant BSR 8514327 funded by the National Science Foundation.

3. Theory of Measurements:

The LTER used weighing-type gauges in which a weighing mechanism converted the weight of the rainfall caught by a circular, horizontal opening at the top of the gauge into the curvilinear movement of a recording pen which made an inked trace on a rectangular paper chart. The height of the pen marks on the chart were calibrated to rainfall amount.

The University of Princeton used tipping bucket rain gauges in which a 0.2 mm tip connected to a data logger (that recorded the date and time to within 1 min of the tip) was used to record rainfall. The one minute rainfall readings were aggregated into 30 minute intervals, by the Princeton University group. The FIS staff calculated daily rainfall by aggregating the 30 minute rainfall values into daily total rainfall values based on Central Daylight Saving Time.

4. Equipment:

Sensor/Instrument Description:

The LTER rain gauge is describe in the sections below. For information on the instrumentation used by Princeton University see the Kings Creek Watershed 30 Minute Precipitation document. It describes the primary data set from which these daily data were computed.

Collection Environment:

Ground-based.

Source/Platform:

The LTER rain gauges were mounted on poles (that were centered on concrete pads) 3 feet above the ground.

Source/Platform Mission Objectives:

The objectives were three fold, 1) to provide baseline long-term monitoring data for the Konza Research area, 2) to quantify the spatial variation of rainfall across the FIFE site and, 3) to determine the major elements of the water balance of the Kings Creek catchment using catchment, water-budget models with a temporal resolution of 20 days.

Key Variables:

Daily rainfall depth at rain gauge locations.

Principles of Operation:

LTER

The charts, for the LTER rain gauges, (graduated in inches, or millimeters, of rainfall) were wrapped around a vertical cylinder which was rotated either by an 8-day spring-powered, or a long-term battery-powered, chart drive. In some gauges of this series the record capacity of the gauge was reached in a single traverse of the pen across the chart; in others it was reached after a double traverse of the pen. Charts were manually replaced each week, the buckets emptied and the timing mechanism for the drum rewound.

Weighing Mechanism. The rainfall falling through the 8"-diameter collector was caught in a bucket resting on a platform mounted to the vertical link of a 4-bar linkage. The vertical link, or movement bracket, was supported from the mechanism frame by a precision extension-spring assembly. The upper horizontal link, or top lever, of the linkage was provided with an adjustable extension by which the deflection of the spring was multiplied and modified to fit the requirements of the recording mechanism. A second horizontal link, or lower lever (ns), provided the additional constraint needed to keep the movement bracket vertical throughout its deflection. The top and lower levers turned in the mechanism frame; the movement bracket turned in the top and lower levers. A limit screw at the top rear of the mechanism prevented the recording pen from striking the chart cylinder flange when the catch bucket was removed from the gauge by limiting the upward movement of the top lever. A second limit screw, attached to the movement bracket, prevented the pen from falling off the top of the chart cylinder in single-traverse gauges and from striking the chart cylinder flange in dual-traverse gauges. The bottom of the movement bracket was linked to the piston of a damping device, a dashpot, to reduce pen arm vibrations due to wind gusts.

PRINCETON

For a description of the principles of operation for the instrumentation at the rain gauges operated by Princeton University, see the document describing the 30 minute rainfall data set (Kings Creek Watershed 30 Minute Precipitation) from Princeton University.

Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry:

The LTER rain gauges were permanently mounted on poles 3 feet above the ground. The poles were centered on concrete pads and the vegetation around the pads was kept low.

Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument:

LTER Rain Gauge Manufacturer :

Belfort Instrument Company
1600 South Clinton Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21224

Calibration:

The instruments used by the LTER staff were purchased in a calibrated form and were re-calibrated each spring using weights of known mass.

See the Kings Creek Watershed 30 Minute Precipitation document for calibration information on the Princeton University data.

Specifications:

The LTER uses weights of known mass to perform the calibration.

Tolerance:

LTER rain gauges: 0.001 grams i.e., 1 mm

Frequency of Calibration:

LTER rain gauges are calibrated once per year.

Other Calibration Information:

LTER rain gauges are covered for the winter and taken out of service until spring (October 31 to April 1).

5. Data Acquisition Methods:

The LTER strip charts are removed from the rain gauges on a weekly basis and the highest daily rain value is manually read from these charts. These data are then manually entered into the data base on the LTER computer.

The University of Princeton rain data were acquired from Dr. Eric Wood and was derived from the thirty minute rainfall amounts for Kings Creek described in the Kings Creek Watershed 30 Minute Precipitation document.

6. Observations:

Data Notes:

Not available.

Field Notes:

None.

7. Data Description:

Spatial Characteristics:

The FIFE study area, with areal extent of 15 km by 15 km, is located south of the Tuttle Reservoir and Kansas River, about 10 km from Manhattan, Kansas, USA. The northwest corner of the area has UTM coordinates of 4,334,000 Northing and 705,000 Easting in UTM zone 14.

Spatial Coverage:

These original data were collected in the Konza LTER and the Kings Creek area of the FIFE study area. Rain gauges were positioned as follows:

SITEGRID   STN_ID   NORTHING   EASTING   LATITUDE    LONGITUDE
--------   ------   --------   -------   ---------   ---------
1609-RGL    100     4330786    706889    39 06 13    -96 36 27
K4BF-RGL    211                                               
K1BF-RGL    217                                                
KUBF-RGL    223                                               
3623-RGL    225     4326820    709650    39 04 02    -96 34 36
3018-RGL    226     4327950    708530    39 04 39    -96 35 22
2520-RGL    227     4329040    709000    39 05 14    -96 35 01
2529-RGL    228     4328970    710780    39 05 11    -96 33 47
3509-RGL    229     4327010    706830    39 04 10    -96 36 33
2515-RGL    230     4328950    708080    39 05 12    -96 35 39
1709-RGL    231     4330650    706780    39 06 09    -96 36 32
1809-RGL    235     4330388    706824    39 06 00    -96 36 30
1318-RGP    301     4331360    708524    39 06 30    -96 35 18
1718-RGP    302     4330561    708640    39 06 04    -96 35 14
1621-RGP    303     4330732    709244    39 06 09    -96 34 49
1626-RGP    304     4330841    710152    39 06 12    -96 34 11
1917-RGP    305     4330256    708498    39 05 54    -96 35 21
1824-RGP    306     4330366    709866    39 05 57    -96 34 24
1829-RGP    307     4330427    710750    39 05 58    -96 33 47
2316-RGP    308     4329376    708140    39 05 26    -96 35 36
2020-RGP    309     4329924    709063    39 05 43    -96 34 57
2123-RGP    310     4329811    709640    39 05 39    -96 34 34
2026-RGP    311     4329933    710158    39 05 42    -96 34 12
2132-RGP    312     4329723    711329    39 05 35    -96 33 23
2418-RGP    313     4329146    708577    39 05 18    -96 35 18
2321-RGP    314     4329309    709212    39 05 23    -96 34 52
2424-RGP    315     4329256    709754    39 05 21    -96 34 29
2326-RGP    316     4329457    710188    39 05 27    -96 34 11
2329-RGP    317     4329500    710876    39 05 28    -96 33 42
2433-RGP    318     4329113    711634    39 05 15    -96 33 11
2616-RGP    319     4328884    708195    39 05 10    -96 35 35
2521-RGP    320     4328921    709272    39 05 10    -96 34 50
2723-RGP    321     4328671    709549    39 05 02    -96 34 39
2525-RGP    322     4328909    709961    39 05 09    -96 34 21
2629-RGP    323     4328823    710821    39 05 06    -96 33 46
2814-RGP    324     4328488    707878    39 04 57    -96 35 48
2819-RGP    325     4328335    708701    39 04 52    -96 35 14
3121-RGP    326     4327854    709293    39 04 36    -96 34 50
2929-RGP    327     4328244    710726    39 04 47    -96 33 50
2930-RGP    328     4328128    711091    39 04 43    -96 33 35
3120-RGP    329     4327746    708927    39 04 33    -96 35 05
3121-RGP    330     4327805    709276    39 04 34    -96 34 51
2316-RGP    332     4329354    708156    39 05 25    -96 35 36
2822-RGP    334     4328327    709498    39 04 51    -96 34 41

Spatial Coverage Map:

Not available.

Spatial Resolution:

This is point data.

Projection:

Not available.

Grid Description:

Not available.

Temporal Characteristics:

Temporal Coverage:

The LTER gauges collected data from April 27, 1982 through December 30, 1989.

The Princeton University data was collected from May 29, 1987 to October 26, 1987.

Temporal Coverage Map:

Not available.

Temporal Resolution:

Daily rainfall amounts based on local time.

Data Characteristics:

The SQL definition for this table is found in the RAIN_DAY.TDF file located on FIFE CD-ROM Volume 1.


Parameter/Variable Name
Parameter/Variable Description Range Units Source
SITEGRID_ID This is a FIS grid location code. FIS Site grid codes (SSEE-III) give the south (SS) and east (EE) cell number in a 100 x 100 array of 200 m square cells. The last 3 characters (III) are an instrument identifier.
STATION_ID The station ID where the data was min = 100, FIS observed. max = 334
OBS_DATE The date when the data was observed, min = 27-APR-87, LTER in the format DD-mmm-YY. max = 30-DEC-89 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
OBS_TYPE The observation type: LTER DAILY min = LTER DAILY, FIS or PRINCETON (computed from the max = PRINCETON Princeton University 30 minute rain data).
TOTAL_RAINFALL The total rainfall for the station min = 0, [mm] LTER and day. max = 116.5, PRINCETON missing = -9.9 UNIVERSITY
COMMENTS Any comments that pertain to the FIS data set as a whole (i.e., missing data, incorrect data.)
FIFE_DATA_CRTFCN_CODE The FIFE Certification Code for the * min = CPI, FIS data, in the following format: CPI max = CPI (Certified by PI), CPI-??? (CPI - questionable data).
LAST_REVISION_DATE in the format (DD-MMM-YY). max = 30-AUG-90

Footnote:

* Valid levels

The primary certification codes are:

EXM Example or Test data (not for release) PRE Preliminary (unchecked, use at your own risk) CPI The certification code modifiers are:

PRE-NFP Preliminary - Not for publication, at the request of investigator. CPI-MRG PAMS data that is "merged" from two separate receiving stations to eliminate transmission errors. CPI-??? Investigator thinks data item may be questionable.

Sample Data Record:

SITEGRID_ID   STATION_ID    OBS_DATE       OBS_TYPE      TOTAL_RAINFALL
-----------   ----------   ---------   ---------------   --------------
K4BF-RGL         211       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY         70
K1BF-RGL         217       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY        101.5
KUBF-RGL         223       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY         93.5
3623-RGL         225       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY        102
3018-RGL         226       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY         82
2520-RGL         227       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY         81
2529-RGL         228       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY         72
3509-RGL         229       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY         79
2515-RGL         230       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY         73.5
1709-RGL         231       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY         81
1809-RGL         235       12-AUG-87      LTER DAILY         80.5
1318-RGP         301       12-AUG-87      PRINCETON          -9.9
1718-RGP         302       12-AUG-87      PRINCETON          -9.9
1621-RGP         303       12-AUG-87      PRINCETON          84.042
1626-RGP         304       12-AUG-87      PRINCETON          90.132
COMMENTS                       FIFE_DATA_CRTFCN_CODE   LAST_REVISION_DATE
----------------------------   ---------------------   ------------------
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                03-NOV-87
CPI                06-NOV-87
CPI                06-NOV-87
CPI                11-MAY-88
CPI                11-MAY-88

8. Data Organization:

Data Granularity:

This is point data containing daily rainfall amounts based on local time.

A general description of data granularity as it applies to the IMS appears in the EOSDIS Glossary.

Data Format:

The CD-ROM file format consists of numerical and character fields of varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with a single apostrophe. There are no spaces between the fields. Each file begin with five header records. Header records contain the following information:

Record 1 Name of this file, its table name, number of records in this file, path and name of the document that describes the data in this file, and name of principal investigator for these data. Record 2 Path and filename of the previous data set, and path and filename of the next data set. (Path and filenames for files that contain another set of data taken at the same site on the same day.) Record 3 Path and filename of the previous site, and path and filename of the next site. (Path and filenames for files of the same data set taken on the same day for the previous and next sites, sequentially numbered by SITEGRID.) Record 4 Path and filename of the previous date, and path and filename of the next date. (Path and filenames for files of the same data set taken at the same site for the previous and next date.) Record 5 Column names for the data within the file, delimited by commas. Record 6 Data records begin.

Each field represents one of the attributes listed in the chart in the Data Characteristics Section and described in detail in the TDF file. These fields are in the same order as in the chart.

9. Data Manipulations:

Formulae:

Derivation Techniques and Algorithms:

The LTER data uses a simple conversion based on the weight to height of the pin markings on the drum strip chart to determine the amount of rainfall.

Data Processing Sequence:

Processing Steps:

The LTER rainfall data is read directly from the strip chart in millimeters of rainfall (conversions are made at the time of extraction from the chart). Only maximum daily values are read from the chart.

The Princeton University data was converted to daily total rainfall by the FIS staff. The daily totals were made using Central Daylight Saving time, not Greenwich Mean Time.

Processing Changes:

None.

Calculations:

None required for the LTER data.

Princeton University 30 minute rainfall values were converted to daily total rainfall values by aggregating all 30 minute rainfall values recorded during a day. This was done for each of the Princeton University sites. The daily total rainfall calculations were done using Central Daylight Saving Time, not Greenwich Mean Time.

Special Corrections/Adjustments:

None.

Calculated Variables:

Daily total rainfall values.

Graphs and Plots:

None.

10. Errors:

Sources of Error:

Occasionally the LTER mechanical chart recorders would fail to chart an entire week, usually because the clock was not wound sufficiently.

See the Kings Creek Watershed 30 Minute Precipitation document for sources of error for the Princeton University data.

Quality Assessment:

See the Kings Creek Watershed 30 Minute Precipitation document for quality assessment of the Princeton University data.

Data Validation by Source:

The LTER data points are routinely compared with that recorded by the rain gauge located on the Kansas State University campus.

Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment:

The data from the LTER staff is good quality. The staff has a high level of confidence in its accuracy.

See the Kings Creek Watershed 30 Minute Precipitation document for details on the University of Princeton data.

Measurement Error for Parameters:

The LTER data has a measurement error of + or - 1 mm, which is equivalent to the width of the pen/ink on the strip chart.

Additional Quality Assessments:

FIS staff applied a general QA procedure to the data to identify inconsistencies and problems for potential users. As a general procedure, the FIS QA consisted of examining the maximum, minimum, average, and standard deviation for each numerical field in the data table. Inconsistencies and problems found in the QA check are described is the Known Problems with the Data Section.

Data Verification by Data Center:

The data verification performed by the ORNL DAAC deals with the quality of the data format, media, and readability. The ORNL DAAC does not make an assessment of the quality of the data itself except during the course of performing other QA procedures as described below.

The FIFE data were transferred to the ORNL DAAC via CD-ROM. These CD-ROMs are distributed by the ORNL DAAC unmodified as a set or in individual volumes, as requested. In addition, the DAAC has incorporated each of the 98 FIFE tabular datasets from the CD-ROMs into its online data holdings. Incorporation of these data involved the following steps:

Each distinct type of data (i.e. "data set" on the CD-ROM), is accompanied by a documentation file (i.e., .doc file) and a data format/structure definition file (i.e., .tdf file). The data format files on the CD-ROM are Oracle SQL commands (e.g., "create table") that can be used to set up a relational database table structure. This file provides column/variable names, character/numeric type, length, and format, and labels/comments. These SQL commands were converted to SAS code and were used to create SAS data sets and subsequently to input data files directly from the CD-ROM into a SAS dataset. During this process, file names and directory paths were captured and metadata was extracted to the extent possible electronically. No files were found to be corrupted or unreadable during the conversion process.

Additional Quality Assurance procedures were performed as follows:

As errors are discovered in the online tabular data by investigators, users, or DAAC staff, corrections are made in cooperation with the principal investigators. These corrections are then distributed to users. CD-ROM data are corrected when re-mastering occurs for replenishment of CD-ROM stock.

11. Notes:

Limitations of the Data:

Not available.

Known Problems with the Data:

The LTER sites may having periods in which no data was recorded due to insufficient winding of clocks.

See the Kings Creek Watershed 30 Minute Precipitation document for known problems with the Princeton University data.

Usage Guidance:

The LTER data only contains values of total rainfall for days in which rainfall was recorded.

The Princeton University data contains values of Total Rainfall on days in which no rainfall was recorded.

Any Other Relevant Information about the Study:

An analysis determined that 20 - 30 rain gauges should be able to estimate storm rainfall volume to within 10% with a reliability of 15%.

12. Application of the Data Set:

This data set can be used to quantify the spatial variation of rainfall across the FIFE site and to determine the major elements of the water balance of the Kings Creek catchment using catchment, water-budget models with a temporal resolution of 20 days.

13. Future Modifications and Plans:

The FIFE field campaigns were held in 1987 and 1989 and there are no plans for new data collection. Field work continues near the FIFE site at the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Konza research site (i.e., LTER continues to monitor the site). The FIFE investigators are continuing to analyze and model the data from the field campaigns to produce new data products.

14. Software:

Software to access the data set is available on the all volumes of the FIFE CD-ROM set. For a detailed description of the available software see the Software Description Document.

15. Data Access:

Contact Information:

ORNL DAAC User Services
Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Telephone: (865) 241-3952
FAX: (865) 574-4665

Email: ornldaac@ornl.gov

Data Center Identification:

ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
USA

Telephone: (865) 241-3952
FAX: (865) 574-4665

Email: ornldaac@ornl.gov

Procedures for Obtaining Data:

Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or FAX. Data is also available via the World Wide Web at http://daac.ornl.gov.

Data Center Status/Plans:

FIFE data are available from the ORNL DAAC. Please contact the ORNL DAAC User Services Office for the most current information about these data.

16. Output Products and Availability:

Daily Rainfall Amounts in the Konza Research Area are available on FIFE CD-ROM Volume 1. The CD-ROM filename is as follows:

\DATA\SUR_MET\RAIN_DAY\Yyyyy\ydddgrid.RDY

Where xxxx is the four digit code for the location within the FIFE site grid, yyyy is the four digits of the century and year (e.g., Y1987 = 1987), and ddd is the day of the year, (e.g., 061 = sixty-first day in the year). Note: capital letters indicate fixed values that appear on the CD-ROM exactly as shown here, lower case indicates characters (values) that change for each path and file.

The format used for the filenames is: ydddgrid.sfx, where grid is the four-number code for the location within the FIFE site grid, y is the last digit of the year (e.g., 7 = 1987, and 9 = 1989), and ddd is the day of the year. The filename extension (.sfx), identifies the data set content for the file (see the Data Characteristics Section) and is equal to .RDY for this data set.

17. References:

Satellite/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation.

Anonymous. 1993. Methods Manual for Konza Prairie Research Natural Area.

Konza LTER publication.

Journal Articles and Study Reports.

Wood, E.F., M. Sivapalan, and K. Beven. 1990. Similarity and scale in catchment storm response. Rev. in Geophy. 28(1).

Wood, E.F. 1990. Water balance model for Kings Creek. Proc. of Symposium on FIFE. Am. Meteorol. Soc. February 7-9. Anaheim, CA. p163-167.

Wood, E.F., and V. Lakshmi. 1992. A comparison of latent heat fluxes and their time-space variability from a water balance model and surface measurements in FIFE 1987. J. of Geophys. Res. (submitted).

Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation.

Contact the EOS Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee (see the Data Center Identification Section). Documentation about using the archive and/or online access to the data at the ORNL DAAC is not available at this revision.

18. Glossary of Terms:

A general glossary for the DAAC is located at Glossary.

19. List of Acronyms:

CD-ROM Compact Disk, Read-Only Memory DAAC Distributed Active Archive Center EOS Earth Observing System EOSDIS EOS Data and Information System FIS FIFE Information System FIFE First ISLSCP Field Experiment IFC Intensive Field Campaign ISLSCP International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project LTER Long-Term Ecological Research ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory RGL Rain Gauge LTER RGP Rain Gauge Princeton SQL Structured Query Language TDF Table Definition File URL Uniform Resource Locator UTM Universal Transverse Mercator

A general list of acronyms for the DAAC is available at Acronyms.

20. Document Information:

April 28, 1994 (citation revised on October 16, 2002).

This document has been reviewed by the FIFE Information Scientist to eliminate technical and editorial inaccuracies. Previous versions of this document have been reviewed by the Principal Investigator, the person who transmitted the data to FIS, a FIS staff member, or a FIFE scientist generally familiar with this data. It is believed that the document accurately describes the data as collected and as archived by the FIFE CD-ROM series.

Document Review Date:

January 14, 1997.

Document ID:

ORNL-FIFE_RAIN_DAY.

Citation:

Cite this data set as follows:

Huemmrich, K. F., and J. Briggs. 1994. Daily Rainfall Data (FIFE). Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/29. Also published in D. E. Strebel, D. R. Landis, K. F. Huemmrich, and B. W. Meeson (eds.), Collected Data of the First ISLSCP Field Experiment, Vol. 1: Surface Observations and Non-Image Data Sets. CD-ROM. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A. (available from http://www.daac.ornl.gov).

Document Curator:

DAAC Staff

Document URL:

http://daac.ornl.gov