The purpose of the SNF study was to improve our understanding of the relationship between remotely sensed observations and important biophysical parameters in the boreal forest. A key element of the experiment was the development of methodologies to measure forest stand characteristics to determine values of importance to both remote sensing and ecology. Parameters studied were biomass, leaf area index, above ground net primary productivity, bark area index, and ground coverage by vegetation. Thirty-two quaking aspen and thirty-one black spruce sites were studied.
Sites were chosen in uniform stands of aspen or spruce. The dominant species in the site constituted over 80 percent, and usually over 95 percent, of the total tree density and basal area. Aspen stands were chosen to represent the full range of age and stem density of essentially pure aspen, of nearly complete canopy closure, and greater than two meters in height. Spruce stands ranged from very sparse stands on bog sites, to dense, closed stands on more productive peatlands. Use of multiple plots within each site allowed estimation of the importance of spatial variation in stand parameters.
Within each plot, all woody stems greater than two meters in height were recorded by species and the following dimensions were measured: diameter breast height, height of the tree, height of the first live branch, and depth of crown. For each plot, a two-meter diameter subplot was defined at the center of each plot. Within this subplot, the percent of ground coverage by plants under one meter in height was determined by species. These data, averaged for the five plots in each site, are presented in the SNF Forest Understory Cover Data (Table) data set in tabular format (e.g. plant species with a count for that species at each site). The same data are presented in this data set (i.e., SNF Forest Understory Cover Data) but are arranged with a row for each species and site and a percent ground coverage for each combination.
SNF Forest Understory Cover Data.
Percent ground coverage for vegetation less than 1 meter high at each study site are presented by vegetation species and site ID. Each value of percent ground coverage is an average of five two-meter subplots.
The purpose of the SNF study was to improve our understanding of the relationship between remotely sensed observations and important biophysical parameters in the boreal forest. A key element of the experiment was the development of methodologies to measure forest stand characteristics to determine values of importance to both remote sensing and ecology. Parameters studied were biomass, leaf area index, above ground net primary productivity, bark area index, and ground coverage by vegetation. Thirty-two quaking aspen and thirty-one black spruce sites were studied.
Canopy and subcanopy phenology, percent ground coverage.
Sites were chosen in uniform stands of aspen or spruce. The dominant species in the site constituted over 80 percent, and usually over 95 percent, of the total tree density and basal area. Aspen stands were chosen to represent the full range of age and stem density of essentially pure aspen, of nearly complete canopy closure, and greater than two meters in height. Spruce stands ranged from very sparse stands on bog sites, to dense, closed stands on more productive peatlands.
In each stand a uniform site 60 meters in diameter was laid out. Within this site, five circular plots, 16 meters in diameter, were positioned. One plot was at the center of the site and four were tangent to the center plot, one each in the cardinal directions. In very dense stands, plot radii were decreased so that stem count for the five plots remained around 200 stems. Use of multiple plots within each site allowed estimation of the importance of spatial variation in stand parameters.
Within each plot, all woody stems greater than two meters in height were recorded by species and relevant dimensions were measured. Diameter breast height (dbh) was measured directly. Height of the tree and height of the first live branch were determined by triangulation. The difference between these two heights was used as the depth of crown. The distances between trees and observer were such that no angle exceeded 65 degrees. Most plots were level, small slopes were ignored in calculating heights. Similar measurements were made for shrubs between one and two meters tall in the aspen sites. The Forest Canopy Composition (SNF) data set provides the counts of canopy (over two meters tall) tree species and subcanopy (between one and two meters tall) tree species.
For each plot, a two meter diameter subplot was defined at the center of each plot. Within this subplot, the percent of ground coverage by plants under one meter in height was determined by species. These data, averaged for the five plots in each site, are presented in the SNF Forest Understory Cover Data (Table) data set in tabular format (e.g., plant species with a count for that species at each site). The same data are presented in this data set (i.e., SNF Forest Understory Cover Data) but are arranged with a row for each species and site and a percent ground coverage for each combination.
Dr. Forrest G. Hall
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. K. Fred Huemmrich
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Donald E. Strebel
Versar, Inc.
Dr. Scott J. Goetz
University of Maryland
Ms. Jamie E. Nickeson
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Ms. K. D. Woods
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Celeste Jarvis
NASA Headquarters
Biophysical, Morphological, Canopy Optical Property, and Productivity Data on the Superior National Forest.
Dr. Forrest G. Hall
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Fax: +1 (301) 614-6659
Telephone: +1 (301) 614-6695
E-mail: fghall@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov
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Ground-based.
Field Investigation.
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Parameters studied were biomass, leaf area index, above ground net primary productivity, bark area index and ground coverage by vegetation.
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The study area covered a 50 x 50 km area centered at approximately 48 degrees North latitude and 92 degrees West longitude in northeastern Minnesota at the southern edge of the North American boreal forest.
This data set was collected during the summers of 1983 and 1984 in a portion of the Superior National Forest (SNF) near Ely, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Variable Name/ Long Name SAS Type Generic Type Description
1 speccode SPECIES_CODE $ 10 CHAR(5) "Species identification code that is a combination of the first two letters of the Latin (botanical) genus and species names"
2 pct_cvr AVG_COVER 8 NUMBER(4,1) "Average percent cover of the given canopy layer for all the plots within the site"
3 site_id SITE_ID 8 NUMBER(4,0) "Site ID"
4 can_layr CAN_LEVEL $ 12 CHAR(12) "The level in the canopy for which the observations were made: either canopy, subcanopy, understory, or dead"
5 speccomm COMMON_NAME $ 36 CHAR(20) "The common name of the species"
6 spec_sci LATIN_NAME $ 36 CHAR(25) "The Latin (botanical) name of the species"
speccode pct_cvr site_id can_layr speccomm spec_sci
"ABBA" 0 2 "Understory" "Fir, Balsam" "Abies Balsamea" "ACRU" 0 2 "Understory" "Maple, Red" "Acer Rubrum" "ACSP" 0 2 "Understory" "Maple, Mountain" "Acer Spicatum" "ALRU" 0 2 "Understory" "Alder, Speckled" "Alnus Rubra " "AMEL" 0 2 "Understory" "Juneberry" "Amelanchier Spp. " "ANGL" 0 2 "Understory" "Bog Rosemary" "Andromeda Glaucophylla" "ANQU" 0 2 "Understory" "Wood Anemone" "Anemonequinquefolia" "ARNU" 0 2 "Understory" "Wild Sarsaparilla" "Aralia Nudicaulis" "ASCA" 0 2 "Understory" "Wild Ginger" "Asarum Canadense"
Footnote:
These data are sorted by Site ID (site_id) and species code (speccode). Each data record (row) consists of a percent coverage of the named vegetation species in the named canopy layer.
This data set consists of a single ASCII file containing average percent coverage for all species measured at all sites.
A general description of data granularity as it applies to the IMS appears in the EOSDIS Glossary.
The data files associated with this data set consist of numeric and character fields of varying lengths aligned in columns.
The first row of each data file contains the 8 character SAS variable name that links to the data format definition file. Character fields are enclosed in double quotes and numeric fields are listed without quotes.
Missing data values can be of two varieties:
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The Superior National Forest data were received from the Goddard Space Flight Center in three media:
Data from both electronic sources were input into SAS by ORNL DAAC data management staff and compared using computer code developed to process the SNF data. In many cases, the data values from both sources were found to be identical. In some cases, however, differences were identified and the providers of the data were consulted to resolve inconsistencies.
Additionally, some variable columns were available in one source, but not the other for various reasons. For example, some calculated variables/columns were provided in the ASCII files (reflecting the Tech Memo tables) that were not stored in the Oracle database for purposes of space conservation.
For similar reasons, coded values were used for many of the site and species identifier variables. A separate reference table was provided to link the coded variable with its definition (e.g., the SPECIES_REF file and the SITE_REF file).
The database produced by the ORNL DAAC is a hybrid product that is a composite of data and information extracted from all three source media. In data sets where coded variables were included, the code definition variables have been added to improve usability of the data set as a stand-alone product.
Therefore the ASCII files that are available through the ORNL DAAC on-line search and order systems are output from a data set that is a product of the essential core of numeric data provided by the data source (GSFC), augmented with additional descriptive information provided by GSFC and reorganized by the ORNL DAAC into a data structure consistent with other similar data sets maintained by the ORNL DAAC.
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None known at this revision.
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This data set can be used to improve our understanding of the relationship between remotely sensed observations and important biophysical parameters in the boreal forest.
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ORNL DAAC User Services
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Telephone: (865) 241-3952
Fax: (865) 574-4665
E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov
ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Telephone: (865) 241-3952
Fax: (865) 574-4665
E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov
Users may order data by telephone, electronic mail, or fax. Data are available via FTP or on CD-ROM. Data are also available via the World Wide Web at http://daac.ornl.gov.
The Superior National Forest Data are available from the ORNL DAAC. Please contact the ORNL DAAC User Services Office for the most current information about these data.
Available via FTP or on CD-ROM.
Not available.
Contact the ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (see the Data Center Identification Section).
A general glossary is located at EOSDIS Glossary.
A general list of acronyms is available at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/acronyms.html.
October 10, 1996 (citation revised September 23, 2002)
February 12, 1997.
ORNL-SNF_UND_CVR.
Please cite this data set as follows (citation revised September 23, 2002):
Hall, F. G., K. F. Huemmrich, D. E. Strebel, S. J. Goetz, J. E. Nickeson, and K. D. Woods. 1996. SNF Forest Understory Cover Data. [Superior National Forest Forest Understory Cover Data]. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/181.
Based on F. G. Hall, K. F. Huemmrich, D. E. Strebel, S. J. Goetz, J. E. Nickeson, and K. D. Woods, Biophysical, Morphological, Canopy Optical Property, and Productivity Data from the Superior National Forest, NASA Technical Memorandum 104568, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A., 1992.