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SHIFT: Laboratory Foliar Chemical Analysis Results for Field Samples, CA, 2022

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Documentation Revision Date: 2024-04-25

Dataset Version: 1

Summary

This dataset holds laboratory foliar chemical analyses results for field samples collected during the 2022 NASA Surface Biology Geology (SBG) High Frequency Time series (SHIFT) campaign in Santa Barbara County, California, USA. Leaf samples were collected from plots within the Dangermond Preserve, Sedgwick Reserve, and Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve during the period of 2022-02-23 to 2022-09-27 and dried for later analysis. This project collected field data contemporaneously with weekly flights of the NASA's Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) facility instrument over the study areas. Sixteen chemical traits from two different lab analyses are provided. (a) Elemental analysis: foliar nitrogen (%), phosphorus (%), magnesium (%), potassium (%), calcium (%), sulfur (%), boron (ppm), iron (ppm), manganese (ppm), copper (ppm), zinc (ppm), aluminum (ppm), and sodium (ppm). (b) AnkomFiber analysis: foliar hemicellulose and bound protein (%), cellulose (%), and lignin (%). Related data packages contain additional plot-level characterization, biogeochemical, reflectance, and foliar data. These data are provided in comma separated values (CSV) format.

There are four files in comma separated values (CSV) format that contain laboratory chemistry results for both flash-frozen-freeze-dried (FF) and oven-dried (OD) ground foliar materials.

Figure 1. Scanned image of black mustard (Brassica nigra) leaves. Source: 001_LMA.jpeg from Chadwick et al. (2024).

Citation

Zheng, T., N. Queally, K.D. Chadwick, J. Cryer, P. Reim, C. Villanueva-Weeks, P. Townsend, M. Berg, Z. Breuer, N. Burkard, A. Hanson, E. Johnson, E. Kanski, D. Lacey, C. Lapinskas, A. Lee, E. Lisenbee, E. Marsh, L. Pfau, I. Shifrin, B. Skalitzky, S. Stroschein, J. Van beek, C. Vanden heuvel, and A. Williams. 2024. SHIFT: Laboratory Foliar Chemical Analysis Results for Field Samples, CA, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2337

Table of Contents

  1. Dataset Overview
  2. Data Characteristics
  3. Application and Derivation
  4. Quality Assessment
  5. Data Acquisition, Materials, and Methods
  6. Data Access
  7. References

Dataset Overview

This dataset holds laboratory foliar chemical analyses results for field samples collected during the 2022 NASA Surface Biology Geology (SBG) High Frequency Time series (SHIFT) campaign in Santa Barbara County, California, USA. Leaf samples were collected from plots within the Dangermond Preserve, Sedgwick Reserve, and Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve during the period of 2022-02-23 to 2022-09-27 and dried for later analysis. This project collected field data contemporaneously with weekly flights of the NASA's Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) facility instrument over the study areas. Sixteen chemical traits from two different lab analyses are provided. (a) Elemental analysis: foliar nitrogen (%), phosphorus (%), magnesium (%), potassium (%), calcium (%), sulfur (%), boron (ppm), iron (ppm), manganese (ppm), copper (ppm), zinc (ppm), aluminum (ppm), and sodium (ppm). (b) AnkomFiber analysis: foliar hemicellulose and bound protein (%), cellulose (%), and lignin (%). Related data packages contain additional plot-level characterization, biogeochemical, reflectance, and foliar data. These data are provided in comma separated values (CSV) format.

Project: Surface Biology and Geology High-Frequency Time Series (SHIFT)

The Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) High Frequency Time Series (SHIFT) was an airborne and field campaign during February to May, 2022, with a follow up activity for one week in September, in support of NASA's SBG mission. Its study area included a 640-square-mile (1,656-square-kilometer) area in Santa Barbara County and the coastal Pacific waters. The primary goal of the SHIFT campaign was to collect a repeated dense time series of airborne Visible to ShortWave Infrared (VSWIR) airborne imaging spectroscopy data with coincident field measurements in both inland terrestrial and coastal aquatic areas, supported in part by a broad team of research collaborators at academic institutions. The SHIFT campaign leveraged NASA's Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) facility instrument to collect approximately weekly VSWIR imagery across the study area. The SHIFT campaign 1) enables the NASA SBG team to conduct traceability analyses related to the science value of VSWIR revisit without relying on multispectral proxies, 2) enables testing algorithms for consistent performance over seasonal time scales and end-to-end workflows including community distribution, and 3) provides early adoption test cases to SHIFT application users and incubate relationships with basic and applied science partners at the University of California Santa Barbara Sedgwick Reserve and The Nature Conservancy's Jack and Laura Dangermond Preserve.

Related datasets:

Queally, N., F.W. Davis, K.D. Chadwick, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, J. Cryer, K.C. Cushman, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, K. Kerr, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, C.M. Saiki, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, C. Villanueva-Weeks, N. Vinod, T. Zheng, K. Zumdahl, and D.S. Schimel. 2023. SHIFT: Vegetation Plot Characterization, Santa Barbara County, CA, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2295

  • Provides SHIFT plot locations, descriptions, species, fractional cover, phenophase, and sample identifier data.  Plot identifiers are consistent across datasets.

Chadwick, K.D., N. Queally, T. Zheng, J. Cryer, C. Vanden Heuvel, C. Villanueva-Weeks, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, K.C. Cushman, F. Davis, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, D.S. Schimel, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, N. Vinod, and K. Zumdahl. 2023. SHIFT Photosynthetic and Leaf Traits, Santa Barbara County, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2233

  • Provides leaf images and measurements of leaf traits (area, wet weight, dry weight, leaf mass per area, leaf water content) and leaf pigments (chlorophyll) and species information

Queally, N., F.W. Davis, K.D. Chadwick, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, L. Baskaran, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, J. Cryer, K.C. Cushman, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, K. Kerr, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, C.M. Saiki, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, C. Villanueva-Weeks, N. Vinod, T. Zheng, K. Zumdahl, and D.S. Schimel. 2024. SHIFT: Vegetation Plot Photos, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2334

  • Provides photographs of the plots where field vegetation sampling was conducted during the 2022 NASA Surface Biology Geology (SBG) High Frequency Time series (SHIFT) campaign

Zheng, T., N. Queally, K.D. Chadwick, J. Cryer, P. Reim, P. Townsend, E. Marsh, M. Berg, Z. Breuer, N. Burkard, A. Hanson, E. Johnson, D. Lacey, A. Lee, L. Pfau, I. Shifrin, B. Skalitzky, S. Stroschein, J. Van beek, C. Vanden heuvel, and A. Williams. 2023. SHIFT: Reflectance Measurements for Dried and Ground Leaf Materials. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2244

  • Provides spectra of dried and ground leaf material

Data Characteristics

Spatial Coverage: Plots within Dangermond Preserve, Sedgwick Reserve, and Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve in Santa Barbara County, California, U.S.

Temporal Resolution: One-time measurements

Temporal Coverage: 2022-02-23 to 2022-09-27

Study Areas: Provided in decimal degrees

Site Westernmost Longitude Easternmost Longitude Northernmost Latitude Southernmost Latitude
Dangermond Preserve -120.50 -120.35 34.58 34.44
Sedgwick Reserve -120.07 -120.01 34.74 34.68
Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve -119.55 -119.53 34.41 34.39

Data File Information:

There are four files in comma separated values (CSV) format that contain laboratory chemistry results for both flash-frozen-freeze-dried (FF) and oven-dried (OD) ground foliar materials.

  • FF_elemental_daac.csv: Elemental results for FF foliar samples
  • OD_elementa_daac.csv: Elemental results for OD foliar samples
  • FF_AnkomFiber_daac.csv: AnkomFiber results for FF foliar samples
  • OD_AnkomFiber_daac.csv: AnkomFiber results for OD foliar samples

Missing data are denoted by "NA" for text fields and -9999 for numeric fields. 

User Note: In FF_elemental_daac.csv and OD_elemental_daac.csv, the value -8888 denotes measurements with low concentrations in the Copper_ppm, Aluminium_ppm, and Sodium_ppm fields. See <element>_ppm_note field for a comment about the estimated concentration, where <element> is "Copper", "Aluminium", or "Sodium".

Table 1. Data dictionary for FF_elemental_daac.csv and OD_elemental_daac.csv

Variable Units Description
plot_event_ID   Unique sampling visit to plot
species_or_type   Leaf species or sample type
sample_number   Identifier for each sample (unique)
sample_date YYYY-MM-DD Date that sample was taken in the field
latitude degrees north Latitude of study sites
longitude degrees east Longitude of study sites
plot_name - Plot name
phenophase - Phenological phase of the plant when sampled
fractional_cover - Binned fractional cover category visually estimated, from Queally et al. (2023a)
Nitrogen_perc percent Foliar nitrogen concentration in percent dry mass
Phosphorus_perc percent Foliar phosphorus concentration in percent dry mass
Magnesium_perc percent Foliar magnesium concentration in percent dry mass
Potassium_perc percent Foliar potassium concentration in percent dry mass
Calcium_perc percent Foliar calcium concentration in percent dry mass
Sulfur_perc percent Foliar sulfur concentration in percent dry mass
Boron_ppm 1e-6 Foliar boron concentration in ppm
Iron_ppm 1e-6 Foliar iron concentration in ppm
Manganese_ppm 1e-6 Foliar manganese concentration in ppm
Copper_ppm 1e-6 Foliar copper concentration in ppm
Zinc_ppm 1e-6 Foliar zinc concentration in ppm
Aluminum_ppm 1e-6 Foliar aluminum concentration in ppm
Sodium_ppm 1e-6 Foliar sodium concentration in ppm
note - Duplicates handling details
Copper_ppm_note - Notes for samples with low concentrations for the respective elements
Aluminum_ppm_note -
Sodium_ppm_note -

Table 2. Data dictionary for FF_AnkomFiber_daac.csv and OD_AnkomFiber_daac.csv

Variable Units Description
plot_event_ID - Unique sampling visit to plot
species_or_type - Leaf species or sample type
sample_number - Identifier for each sample (unique)
sample_date YYYY-MM-DD Date that sample was taken in the field
latitude degrees north Latitude of study sites
longitude degrees east Longitude of study sites
plot_name - Plot name
phenophase - Phenological phase of the plant when sampled
fractional_cover - Binned fractional cover category visually estimated, from Queally et al. (2023a)
hemicellulose_protein_perc percent Foliar concentration of hemicellulose and bound proteins in percent dry mass
cellulose_perc percent Foliar concentration of cellulosein percent dry mass
lignin_perc percent Foliar concentration of ligninin percent dry mass
note   Duplicates handling details

Note:  plot_event_ID is related field in dataset Queally et al. 2023 https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2295 

Application and Derivation

This dataset provides measurements of sixteen leaf traits, and species information as sampled from meadow, shrub, and tree sites. The data were collected for the purposes of supporting the SBG SHIFT campaign in efforts to provide accurate information on plant communities over a large region of Santa Barbara County, California.

Quality Assessment

All samples were prepared consistently and assessed before sending out to different labs for further analysis.

Data Acquisition, Materials, and Methods

Study sites were located in Santa Barbara County, California (Quelly et al., 2023a). For meadow and shrub plots, individual plots were approximately 8 meters squared in area. For tree plots, the ground area of a single tree canopy was sampled. Sunlit leaves were collected from the meadow, tree, or shrub species in each plot.

After field collection, each leaf sample was divided into two portions: one portion with ~10 g fresh weight was oven dried and another portion with ~5 g fresh weight was flash frozen. Both samples were ground and homogenized (20-mesh, 833 µm) following Serbin et al. (2014). The oven dried samples were then re-dried in oven at 70 degrees C for 24 h. The flash frozen samples were dried using a Virtis Model 24DX48 specimen freeze dryer. Oven dried materials from 1468 samples were sent out for the chemical analyses. For 38 samples, both oven-dried and flash-frozen-freeze-dried materials were analyzed for comparison. Methods followed recommendations of Gavlak. et al. (1994).

Elemental Analysis

Approximately, 2 g +/- 0.3 g of dried materials for each sample were sent to Brookside laboratory (https://www.blinc.com/) for elemental analysis. Dried samples were ground into a leaf powder using a Cyclotech Mill with a 0.50-mm screen, weighed out into a teflon tube, then digested with 12-N nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide 30% solution. After digestion, samples were microwaved in a CEM Mars Microwave then analyzed on a Thermo 6500 Duo ICP vacuum spectrometer to determine the percentage of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, B, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, S, and Fe.

AnkomFiber Analysis

Approximately ~1 g of dried materials was sent to the Hobbie Lab at the University of Minnesota (https://cbs.umn.edu/hobbie-lab) to determine the concentration of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin using sequential extraction in a neutral detergent solution, a hot acid-detergent solution and 72% H2SO4 solution in an Ankom 200 Fiber Analyzer (Ankom Technology, Macedon, New York, USA). 

Data Access

These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

SHIFT: Laboratory Foliar Chemical Analysis Results for Field Samples, CA, 2022

Contact for Data Center Access Information:

References

Queally, N., F.W. Davis, K.D. Chadwick, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, J. Cryer, K.C. Cushman, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, K. Kerr, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, C.M. Saiki, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, C. Villanueva-Weeks, N. Vinod, T. Zheng, K. Zumdahl, and D.S. Schimel. 2023. SHIFT: Vegetation Plot Characterization, Santa Barbara County, CA, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2295

Chadwick, K.D., N. Queally, T. Zheng, J. Cryer, C. Vanden Heuvel, C. Villanueva-Weeks, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, K.C. Cushman, F. Davis, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, D.S. Schimel, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, N. Vinod, and K. Zumdahl. 2023. SHIFT Photosynthetic and Leaf Traits, Santa Barbara County, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2233

Queally, N., F.W. Davis, K.D. Chadwick, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, L. Baskaran, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, J. Cryer, K.C. Cushman, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, K. Kerr, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, C.M. Saiki, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, C. Villanueva-Weeks, N. Vinod, T. Zheng, K. Zumdahl, and D.S. Schimel. 2024. SHIFT: Vegetation Plot Photos, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2334

Zheng, T., N. Queally, K.D. Chadwick, J. Cryer, P. Reim, P. Townsend, E. Marsh, M. Berg, Z. Breuer, N. Burkard, A. Hanson, E. Johnson, D. Lacey, A. Lee, L. Pfau, I. Shifrin, B. Skalitzky, S. Stroschein, J. Van beek, C. Vanden heuvel, and A. Williams. 2023. SHIFT: Reflectance Measurements for Dried and Ground Leaf Materials. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2244

Gavlak, R.G., D.A. Horneck, R.O. Miller, Western Rural Center, and Far West Fertilizer and Agrichemical Association. 1994. Plant, Soil and Water Reference Methods for the Western Region. Western Rural Development Center; Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.

Serbin, S.P., A. Singh, B.E. McNeil, C.C. Kingdon, and P.A. Townsend. 2014. Spectroscopic determination of leaf morphological and biochemical traits for northern temperate and boreal tree species. Ecological Applications 24:1651–1669. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-2110.1