SHIFT: Vegetation Plot Characterization, Santa Barbara County, CA, 2022

This dataset contains vegetation plot locations, descriptions, fractional cover, and sample identifier information from surveys conducted as part of the 2022 NASA Surface Biology Geology (SBG) High Frequency Time series (SHIFT) campaign. Surveys took place from 2022-02-23 to 2022-09-27 at the Jack and Laura Dangermond Preserve, Sedgwick Reserve, and Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve, which are located in Santa Barbara County, California, USA. This project collected field data contemporaneously with weekly flights of the NASA Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) facility instrument over the study areas. Plot information includes: plot tree subform, species lists, plot description, plot samples characterization, and plot location and contextual information. Related data packages contain additional biogeochemical, reflectance, and foliar data. Survey data and metadata are presented in comma-separated values (*.csv) format along with survey plot polygons in GeoJSON (*.geojson) format.

This dataset includes seven data files in comma-separated values (*.csv) format and two in GeoJSON (*.geojson) format.

This dataset contains vegetation plot locations, descriptions, fractional cover, and sample identifier information from surveys conducted as part of the 2022 NASA Surface Biology Geology (SBG) High Frequency Time series (SHIFT) campaign. Surveys took place from 2022-02-23 to 2022-09-27 at the Jack and Laura Dangermond Preserve, Sedgwick Reserve, and Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve, which are located in Santa Barbara County, California, USA. This project collected field data contemporaneously with weekly flights of the NASA Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) facility instrument over the study areas. Plot information includes: plot tree subform, species lists, plot description, plot samples characterization, and plot location and contextual information. Related data packages contain additional biogeochemical, reflectance, and foliar data.

Project:  Surface Biology and Geology High-Frequency Time Series (SHIFT)

The Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) High Frequency Time Series (SHIFT) was an airborne and field campaign during February to May, 2022, with a follow up activity for one week in September, in support of NASA's SBG mission. Its study area included a 640-square-mile (1,656-square-kilometer) area in Santa Barbara County and the coastal Pacific waters. The primary goal of the SHIFT campaign was to collect a repeated dense time series of airborne Visible to ShortWave Infrared (VSWIR) airborne imaging spectroscopy data with coincident field measurements in both inland terrestrial and coastal aquatic areas, supported in part by a broad team of research collaborators at academic institutions. The SHIFT campaign leveraged NASA's Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) facility instrument to collect approximately weekly VSWIR imagery across the study area. The SHIFT campaign 1) enables the NASA SBG team to conduct traceability analyses related to the science value of VSWIR revisit without relying on multispectral proxies, 2) enables testing algorithms for consistent performance over seasonal time scales and end-to-end workflows including community distribution, and 3) provides early adoption test cases to SHIFT application users and incubate relationships with basic and applied science partners at the University of California Santa Barbara Sedgwick Reserve and The Nature Conservancy's Jack and Laura Dangermond Preserve.

Related Publication:

Chadwick, K.D.,  F. Davis, K.R. Miner, R. Pavlick, M. Reynolds, P.A. Townsend, P.G. Brodrick, C. Ade, J. Allen, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, I. Boving, K.B. Byrd, P. Campbell, L. Carberry, K.C. Cavanaugh, K. Easterday, R. Eckert, M. Gierach, K. Gold, E. Hestir, F. Huemmrich, M. Klope, R. Kokaly, P. Lovegreen, K. Luis, C. McMahon, N. Nidzieko, F. Ochoa, A. Jiselle Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Pascolini-Campbell, N. Queally, D.A. Roberts, C.M. Saiki, F.D. Schneider, A.N. Shiklomanov, G.D. Silva, J. Snyder, M. Thornton, A. Trugman, N. Vinod, T. Zheng, D.M. Avouris, B. Baker, L. Baskaran, T. Bell, M. Berg, M. Bernas, N. Bohn, R.K. Braghiere, Z. Breuer, A.J. Brooks, N. Burkard, K. Cawse-Nicholson, J. Chapman, J. Chazaro-Haraksin, J. Cryer, K.C. Cushman, K. Dahlin, P.D. Dao A. DiBartolo, M. Eastwood, C. Elder, A. Giordani, K. Grant, R.O. Green, A. Hanson, B. Heberlein, M. Helmlinger, S. Hook, D. Jensen, E. Johnson, M. Johnson, M. Kiper, C. Kibler, J.Y. King, K.R. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, D. Lacey, E. Lang, C. Lee, A.M. Lopez, B. Lopez Barreto, A. Maguire, E. Marsh, C. Miller, D.M.T. Nguyen, C. Nickles, J.P. Ocón, E.P. Papen, M. Park, B. Poulter, A. Raiho, P. Reim, T.H. Robinson, F.E. Romero Galvan, E. Shafron, S. Stroschein, N.C. Taylor, D.R. Thompson, K. Thompson, C. Tye, J. Van Beek, C. Vanden Heuvel, J. Vellanoweth, E. Vermeer, C. Villanueva-Weeks, K. Zumdahl, D. Schimel^­. Unlocking Ecological Insights from Subseasonal Visible-to-Shortwave Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy: The SBG High Frequency Time Series (SHIFT) Campaign. [Manuscript in review.]

Related Datasets:

Chadwick, K.D., N. Queally, T. Zheng, J. Cryer, C. Vanden Heuvel, C. Villanueva-Weeks, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, K.C. Cushman, F. Davis, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, D.S. Schimel, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, N. Vinod, and K. Zumdahl. 2023. SHIFT Photosynthetic and Leaf Traits, Santa Barbara County, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2233.  

• Provides leaf images and measurements of leaf traits (area, wet weight, dry weight, leaf mass per area, leaf water content) and leaf pigments (chlorophyll) and species information

Queally, N., F.W. Davis, K.D. Chadwick, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, L. Baskaran, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, J. Cryer, K.C. Cushman, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, K. Kerr, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, C.M. Saiki, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, C. Villanueva-Weeks, N. Vinod, T. Zheng, K. Zumdahl, and D.S. Schimel. 2024. SHIFT: Vegetation Plot Photos, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2334

• Provides photographs of the plots where field vegetation sampling was conducted during the 2022 NASA Surface Biology Geology (SBG) High Frequency Time series (SHIFT) campaign

Zheng, T., N. Queally, K.D. Chadwick, J. Cryer, P. Reim, P. Townsend, E. Marsh, M. Berg, Z. Breuer, N. Burkard, A. Hanson, E. Johnson, D. Lacey, A. Lee, L. Pfau, I. Shifrin, B. Skalitzky, S. Stroschein, J. Van beek, C. Vanden heuvel, and A. Williams. 2023. SHIFT: Reflectance Measurements for Dried and Ground Leaf Materials. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2244

• Provides spectra of dried and ground leaf material

Spatial Coverage: Data were collected from plots within Dangermond Preserve, Sedgwick Reserve, and Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve, all within Santa Barbara County. California, USA

Spatial Resolution: Point measurements

Temporal Coverage: 2022-02-23 to 2022-09-27

Temporal Resolution: One-time measurements

Study Areas: Latitude and longitude are given in decimal degrees.

Site	Westernmost Longitude	Easternmost These are the coordinates of the Longitude	Northernmost Latitude	Southernmost Latitude
Dangermond Preserve	-120.50	-120.35	34.58	34.44
Sedgwick Reserve	-120.07	-120.01	34.74	34.68
Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve	-119.55	-119.52	34.41	34.39

 

Data File Information

This dataset includes seven data files in comma-separated values (*.csv) format and two in GeoJSON (*.geojson) format. GeoJSON files contain polygons of the vegetation plot sites. Comma-separated value files contain vegetation plot survey results and associated metadata.

• SHIFT_vegetation_life_form_codes.csv contains a key for determining life forms (Lifeform_code).
• SHIFT_vegetation_plot_event_list.csv contains metadata associated with the vegetation survey in each plot.
• SHIFT_vegetation_quadrat_tallies.csv contains vegetation survey data conducted using quadrats. Quadrat tallies were conducted only in grassland plots.
• SHIFT_vegetation_sample_list.csv contains information related to plants that had a physical sample collected. Physical samples were collected for species with at least 20% cover within a plot.
• SHIFT_vegetation_shift_plots.csv contains plot location information and summaries of the vegetation survey results within that plot.
• SHIFT_vegetation_species_list.csv contains species characteristics and creates a linkage between ‘Species_or_type’ and ‘Lifeform_code’
• SHIFT_vegetation_tree_subform.csv contains additional fields specific to ‘Plot_event_ID’s where trees were observed

Missing values: Files use -9999 for numeric fields and “N/A’ in other field types.

Comma-separated value files were designed to be able to be integrated with one another and with other SHIFT datasets. A crosswalk figure is available in Figure 2 below.

 

Figure 2. Variable crosswalk for SHIFT vegetation plot survey data.

 

Table 1. Data Dictionary for SHIFT_vegetation_plot_event_polygons.geojson and SHIFT_vegetation_Ordway_SHIFT_polygons.geojson

Variable	Units	Description
Plot_name		Plot name shift_plots.csv
ID		Plot event identifier from plot_event_list.csv
Sample_date	YYYY-MM-DD	Sample Date

 

Table 2. Data Dictionary for SHIFT_vegetation_life_form_codes.csv

Variable	Units	Description
Plant_life_form		Plant life form
Lifeform_code		Lifeform code

 

Table 3. Data Dictionary for SHIFT_vegetation_plot_event_list.csv

Variable	Units	Description
Plot_event_ID		Plot event identifier (unique)
Team		Team identifier
Plot_name		Plot name from shift_plots.csv
Collection_date	M/DD/YYYY	Date of plot sampling
GPS_location	Decimal Degrees	Latitude and longitude of plot in decimal degrees
Latitude	Decimal Degrees	Latitude
Longitude	Decimal Degrees	Longitude
GPS_point		Spatial positioning of GPS point within plot
Plot_type		Indicates quadrat use (Yes or No)
Quadrat_use		Wonderpole images present (Yes or No)
Wonderpole_images		Floristic survey completed (Yes or No)
Notes		Notes

 

Table 4. Data Dictionary for SHIFT_vegetation_quadrat_tallies.csv

Variable	Units	Description
Plot_name		Plot name from shift_plots.csv
Quadrat_corner		Corner of the plot that quadrat was placed within (NE, NW, SE, SW)
Species_or_type		Species or type indentifier.  From species_list.csv
Count		Integer count of the number of quadrat cells in which this species or type was found.  Quadrat contained 50 cells in total.
Phenophase		Phenophase observed
Date	YYYY-MM-DD	Date
Notes		Notes
Plot_event_ID		Plot event identifier from plot_event_list.csv
Sample_number1		Sample number from sample_list.csv
Sample_number2		Sample number from sample_list.csv in the event that multiple samples were taken associated with this tally entry

 

Table 5. Data Dictionary for SHIFT_vegetation_sample_list.csv

Variable	Units	Description
Plot_event_ID		Plot event ID from plot_event_list.csv
Species_or_type		Species or type identifier.  From species_list.csv
Sample_number		Sample number, linked to trait data in (K.D. Chadwick et al, 2023; Zheng et al, 2023)
Sample_data	YYYY-MM-DD	Sample date
Plot_name		Name of plot, prefix indicates sampling region, from shift_plots.csv
Species_genus_type_note		Species/genus/type note
Phenophase		Phenophase - if multiple are indicated, samples were collected from "full leaf out foliage and any other specified phenophases ("Seeds", "Flowers") are noted for reference.  In cases where only "Seeds" or "Flowers" are indicated, the sample consists of these components.
Fractional_cover_class		Percentage of fractional coverage in the following intervals: 1-10%, 10-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, 75-100%
Understory		Indicates if sampling is from understory (Yes or No)
Fractional_coverage_class_understory		Fractional cover class of the understory.  Percentage of fractional coverage in the following intervals: 1-10%, 10-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, 75-100%
Notes		Notes

Table 6. Data Dictionary for SHIFT_vegetation_shift_plots.csv

Variable	Units	Description
Plot_name		Plot name from shift_plots.csv
Plot_type		Plot type (grassland, scrub, shrub) or individual name (tree). Unique, does not vary through time
Geology		Geology codes are abbreviations for geological formations and other mapping classes used by Tom Dibblee for mapping surficial geology of southern California
Soil_series		Soil Series code from Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO)
Elevation_lidar_3m		LIDAR elevation
Elevation_SRTM		Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation
Lifeform_code		Lifeform from life_form_codes.csv
Native_spp		Native species
Dominant_spp		Dominant species
Secondary_spp		Secondary species
Alliance_scientific_name		Alliance scientific name (CNPS, 2022)
Alliance_provisional		Alliance provisional (CNPS, 2022)
Alliance_classif_level		Alliance classification level (CNPS, 2022)
Alliance_CA_code		Alliance CA code (CNPS, 2022)
Common_name		Common name (CNPS, 2022)
Alliance_rank_global		Alliance rank global (CNPS, 2022)
Alliance_rank_state		Alliance rank state (CNPS, 2022)
Association_CA_code		Association CA code (CNPS, 2022)
Association _scientific_name		Association scientific name (CNPS, 2022)

Table 7. Data Dictionary for SHIFT_vegetation_species_list.csv

Variable	Units	Description
Species_or_type		Species or cover type identifier
Key_value		Species key value
Lifeform_code		Lifeform from life_form_codes.csv
Native_spp		Native true=1, false=0

Table 8. Data Dictionary for SHIFT_vegetation_tree_subform.csv

Variable	Units	Description
Plot_event_ID		Plot event ID from plot_event_list.csv
Plot_name		Plot name from shift_plots.csv
Crown_damage		Percentage of crown damage
Mistletoe_bunches		Count of mistletoe bunches (Arceuthobium campylopodum - Western dwarf mistletoe
Lichen_presence		Percentage of lichen presence

 

Field sampling activity was designed to collect vegetation and plot characteristic data to coincide with the timing of the weekly AVIRIS-NG flights. The data were collected for the SHIFT campaign to support the SBG mission and to provide information on plant communities over a large region of Santa Barbara County, California.

Uncertainty information was not provided.

Study sites:

Study sites were located in Santa Barbara County, California to coincide spatiotemporally with weekly AVARIS-NG flights. Sites selected for sampling had high vegetative cover and homogeneous characteristics relative to the immediately surrounding area. In addition, within a sampling area a set of sites were selected that represented a range of species and species assemblages. Grassland and low shrub plots were set up as square, 8-m x 8-m plots with four quadrants. Trees and tall shrubs were set up as the extent of the individual crown. For grassland and low shrub plots, photographs were taken of each quadrant from above using a Wonderpole. For grassland plots alone, fractional cover was assessed in each quadrant using a gridded 0.5-m x 1-m quadrat with 50 cells.

Methodology:

Survey Site Metadata Collection

Vegetation and plot characteristic data were sampled three days a week in order to match with that week’s AVIRIS-NG flights. A field team of 45 individuals (around 10 per day) organized into 2-3 teams conducted physical sample collection of a mixture of grass, shrub, and tree plots. Teams assessed fractional cover using quadrats and conducted a floristic survey of all species occurring in the plot. Teams collected high-accuracy GPS data using a Trimble Geo 7x, with an accuracy of ~25 cm, for the plot center or a designated corner of the plot. The plot perimeter was collected using a lower-accuracy GPS-enabled iPad with TouchGIS, typically accurate to within 3-15 m depending on canopy openness (see reference). Each sample received a unique sample number that was linked to the unique plot name.

The number of sampling sites was determined based on the amount of canopy samples desirable for sufficient ground truth data for developing statistical models to map foliar traits. Based on sample sizes in successful canopy-scale trait modeling projects (Singh et al.; K. Dana Chadwick et al.; Wang et al.), as well as phenologically-informed modeling efforts (Chlus and Townsend), The goal was to survey 500 plots, prioritizing both diversity of species and phenological variation within species.

Sites selected for sampling had high vegetative cover and homogeneous characteristics relative to the immediately surrounding area. In addition, within a sampling area sites were selected that represented a range of species and species assemblages in order to capture a wide range across the multi-dimensional trait space. In total 485 unique sites were surveyed, with revisits to 129 of them. These collections took place over the course of three months, from late February 2022 - Late May 2022, with an additional week of collections (and accompanying flight) in September 2022. In all, this resulted in 1218 foliar samples and sites with documented species cover, provided here.

For all plots, a unique plot name was designated and date, time, GPS point (using in the CSV files) and polygon (used the GeoJSON files), plot type (e.g., tree) were recorded. Also, a landscape photograph of the plot was taken. A floristic survey was conducted, in which all present species were noted in the plot and their phenophase and relative cover % as seen from above. For species that could not be identified in the field, a voucher sample and identifying photographs were taken to later be identified by Dr. Frank Davis, La Kretz Center director and botanist. With the improved orthorectificaiton of the AVIRIS-NG data for the SHIFT project and the flight altitude designed to achieve 5-m x 5-m pixels, grassland and low shrub plots were set up as square, 8-m x 8-m plots with four quadrants. Trees and tall shrub plots were set up as the extent of the individual crown, which covered at least an 8-m x 8-m area. For grassland and low shrub plots, photographs were taken of each quadrant from above using a Wonderpole. For grassland plots alone, fractional cover was also assessed in each quadrant using a gridded 0.5-m x 1-m quadrat with 50 cells. For tree plots, photogaphs of the overstory and understory were taken. If a species within a plot covered at least 20% of the plot (estimated as seen from the plane), a physical sample was collected. If flowers, fruit (seeds), or senescent vegetation met this same threshold, those materials were collected as a separate sample. Additional “bulk” samples were collected at grassland plots, which consisted of four random clippings of foliar sample from across the plot, to later compare to plot-aggregated trait estimates. Each sample received a unique sample number (‘Sample_number’) that were linked to the unique plot name (‘Plot_name’). Note: The photographs mentioned above are available in Queally et al (2024).

Species taxonomy and nomenclature are according to Baldwin and Goldman (2012). Vegetation Alliance and Association identities are according to the Manual of California Vegetation (CNPS 2022). Species were identified from the following sources:

• Baldwin, B. G., & Goldman, D. H. (Eds.). 2012. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California. Univ of California Press.
• CNPS. 2022. A Manual of California Vegetation, Online Edition. http://www.cnps.org/cnps/vegetation/; searched on February 1, 2022. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA.

 

Survey site polygon generation

Based on the high-accuracy GPS data and the GPS perimeters collected during the survey, polygons that represent the spatial extent of each sampling site were developed and are presented in GeoJSON format in this datset.

For the grassland and low shrub plots, GPS points were collected from one designated corner, and the 8m x 8m perimeter was walked to define the polygon. Perimeter coordinates were collected using a GPS-enabled iPad with TouchGIS software. For tall shrubs and trees, the polygons are the extent of the crown for the individual that was sampled. This method allows for the selection of all pixels that are associated with the plot, rather than selecting an arbitrary distance from the GPS point that was collected. A team of SHIFT participants manually assessed each plot shapefile in post-processing and aligned the plot extent using the SHIFT imagery from the associated flight date for that particular plot to ensure the extraction of the correct pixels for each date. As such, the precise location of these shapefiles may be offset from other data products and should be evaluated accordingly.

Baldwin, B.G.,  and D.H. Goldman. (Eds.). 2012. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California. Univ of California Press.

Chadwick, K.D.,  F. Davis, K.R. Miner, R. Pavlick, M. Reynolds, P.A. Townsend, P.G. Brodrick, C. Ade, J. Allen, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, I. Boving, K.B. Byrd, P. Campbell, L. Carberry, K.C. Cavanaugh, K. Easterday, R. Eckert, M. Gierach, K. Gold, E. Hestir, F. Huemmrich, M. Klope, R. Kokaly, P. Lovegreen, K. Luis, C. McMahon, N. Nidzieko, F. Ochoa, A. Jiselle Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Pascolini-Campbell, N. Queally, D.A. Roberts, C.M. Saiki, F.D. Schneider, A.N. Shiklomanov, G.D. Silva, J. Snyder, M. Thornton, A. Trugman, N. Vinod, T. Zheng, D.M. Avouris, B. Baker, L. Baskaran, T. Bell, M. Berg, M. Bernas, N. Bohn, R.K. Braghiere, Z. Breuer, A.J. Brooks, N. Burkard, K. Cawse-Nicholson, J. Chapman, J. Chazaro-Haraksin, J. Cryer, K.C. Cushman, K. Dahlin, P.D. Dao A. DiBartolo, M. Eastwood, C. Elder, A. Giordani, K. Grant, R.O. Green, A. Hanson, B. Heberlein, M. Helmlinger, S. Hook, D. Jensen, E. Johnson, M. Johnson, M. Kiper, C. Kibler, J.Y. King, K.R. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, D. Lacey, E. Lang, C. Lee, A.M. Lopez, B. Lopez Barreto, A. Maguire, E. Marsh, C. Miller, D.M.T. Nguyen, C. Nickles, J.P. Ocón, E.P. Papen, M. Park, B. Poulter, A. Raiho, P. Reim, T.H. Robinson, F.E. Romero Galvan, E. Shafron, S. Stroschein, N.C. Taylor, D.R. Thompson, K. Thompson, C. Tye, J. Van Beek, C. Vanden Heuvel, J. Vellanoweth, E. Vermeer, C. Villanueva-Weeks, K. Zumdahl, D. Schimel^­. Unlocking Ecological Insights from Subseasonal Visible-to-Shortwave Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy: The SBG High Frequency Time Series (SHIFT) Campaign. [Manuscript in review.]

Chadwick, K.D., N. Queally, T. Zheng, J. Cryer, C. Vanden Heuvel, C. Villanueva-Weeks, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, K.C. Cushman, F. Davis, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, D.S. Schimel, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, N. Vinod, and K. Zumdahl. 2023. SHIFT Photosynthetic and Leaf Traits, Santa Barbara County, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2233.  

Chadwick, K.D., P.G. Brodrick, K. Grant, T. Goulden, A. Henderson, N. Falco, H. Wainwright, K.H. Williams, M. Bill, I. Breckheimer, E.L. Brodie, H. Steltzer, C.F. R. Williams, B. Blonder, J. Chen, B. Dafflon, J. Damerow, M. Hancher, A. Khurram, J. Lamb, C.R. Lawrence, M. McCormick, J. Musinsky, S. Pierce, A. Polussa, M. Hastings Porro, A. Scott, H.W. Singh, P.O. Sorensen, C. Varadharajan, B. Whitney, and K. Maher. 2020. Integrating airborne remote sensing and field campaigns for ecology and Earth system science. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 11:1492–1508. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13463

Chlus, A., and P.A. Townsend. 2022. Characterizing seasonal variation in foliar biochemistry with airborne imaging spectroscopy. Remote Sensing of Environment 275:113023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113023

CNPS (California Native Plant Society). 2022. A Manual of California Vegetation, Online Edition. http://www.cnps.org/cnps/vegetation; searched on February 1, 2022. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA.

Queally, N., F.W. Davis, K.D. Chadwick, C. Ade, L. Anderegg, Y. Angel, B. Baker, L. Baskaran, I. Boving, R.K. Braghiere, P. Brodrick, P. Campbell, J. Cryer, K.C. Cushman, P.D. Dao, A. Dibartolo, R. Eckert, K. Grant, B. Heberlein, M. Johnson, J. Joutras, K. Kerr, C. Kibler, M. Klope, K. Kovach, A. Kreisberg, P. Lovegreen, A.J. Maguire, C. Mcmahon, K. Miner, C. Nickles, F. Ochoa, J.P. Ocón, A. Ongjoco, E. Ordway, M. Park, R. Pavlick, A.M. Raiho, D.A. Roberts, C.M. Saiki, F.D. Schneider, K. Thompson, P. Townsend, E. Vermeer, C. Villanueva-Weeks, N. Vinod, T. Zheng, K. Zumdahl, and D.S. Schimel. 2024. SHIFT: Vegetation Plot Photos, Santa Barbara County, CA, USA, 2022. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2334

Singh, A., S.P. Serbin, B.E. McNeil, C.C. Kingdon, and P.A. Townsend. 2015. Imaging spectroscopy algorithms for mapping canopy foliar chemical and morphological traits and their uncertainties. Ecological Applications 25:2180–2197. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-2098.1

Wang, Z., A. Chlus, R. Geygan, Z. Ye, T. Zheng, A. Singh, J.J. Couture, J. Cavender-Bares, E.L. Kruger, and P.A. Townsend. 2020. Foliar functional traits from imaging spectroscopy across biomes in eastern North America. New Phytologist 228:494–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16711

Zheng, T., N. Queally, K.D. Chadwick, J. Cryer, P. Reim, P. Townsend, E. Marsh, M. Berg, Z. Breuer, N. Burkard, A. Hanson, E. Johnson, D. Lacey, A. Lee, L. Pfau, I. Shifrin, B. Skalitzky, S. Stroschein, J. Van beek, C. Vanden heuvel, and A. Williams. 2023. SHIFT: Reflectance Measurements for Dried and Ground Leaf Materials. ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2244