This data set provides four data files containing net primary productivity (NPP) data, edaphic characteristics, average climatic conditions, and basic descriptive and quantitative information on vegetation for 117 globally-distributed terrestrial forest sites. The data set was derived from the IBP (International Biological Programme) Woodlands Data Set of DeAngelis et al. (1981). The data were collected from the mid 1950s to the early 1970s and were compiled into an electronic data set at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to facilitate comparisons involving the diverse woodland ecosystems.
One data file provides a complete synthesis of NPP, vegetation, edaphic, and climate data and data-source references for each of the 117 sites as published in DeAngelis et al. (1981) for a total of 5,887 records. The second file provides site location, biome, and selected forest productivity and soils data for the 117 sites. The third file provides summary climate data (temperature, precipitation, radiation, growing season length) for each site, and the fourth file provides forest type, investigator(s), and years of the study for each site.
Revision Notes: Only the documentation for this data set has been modified. The data files have been checked for accuracy and are identical to those originally archived in 1997 (DeAngelis, et al, 1997.)
The Net Primary Productivity (NPP) data collection contains field measurements of biomass, estimated NPP, and climate data for terrestrial grassland, tropical forest, boreal forest, and tundra sites worldwide. Data were compiled from the published literature for intensively studied and well-documented individual field sites and from a number of previously compiled multi-site, multi-biome data sets of georeferenced NPP estimates. The principal compilation effort (Olson et al., 2001) was sponsored by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program. For more information, please visit the NPP web site at http://daac.ornl.gov/NPP/npp_home.html.
Cite this data set as follows:
DeAngelis, D.L., R.H. Gardner, and H.H. Shugart. 2013. NPP Multi-Biome: Global IBP Woodlands Data, 1955-1975, R1. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/198
This data set was originally published as:
DeAngelis, D.L., R.H. Gardner, and H.H. Shugart. 1997. NPP Multi-Biome: Global IBP Woodlands Data, 1955-1975. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
Project: Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
The IBP (International Biological Programme) Woodlands Data Set contains contributions from 117 international forest research sites, all but a few associated with projects committed to the IBP. The field measurements data were collected from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s. The data were compiled into a single data set at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to facilitate comparisons involving the diverse woodland ecosystems. The data set was originally published in DeAngelis et al. (1981) and was extracted from that reference to be presented here.
This data set provides four data files containing net primary productivity (NPP) data, edaphic characteristics, average climatic conditions, and basic descriptive and quantitative information on vegetation for 117 globally-distributed terrestrial forest sites. The data set was derived from the IBP (International Biological Programme) Woodlands Data Set of DeAngelis et al. (1981). The data were collected from the mid 1950s to the early 1970s and were compiled into an electronic data set at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to facilitate comparisons involving the diverse woodland ecosystems.
Table 1. Summary of biological and environmental parameters for sites included in the IBP Woodlands Data Set by forest type (with forest abbreviation used in the data set).
| Forest Type | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mediteranean Broad-leaved [Evergreen (MeBLE) and Deciduous (MeBLD)] | Tropical Broad-leaved Evergreen (TrBLE) | Tropical Broad-leaved Deciduous (TrBLD) | Tropical Broad-leaved Deciduous Plantation (TrBLD/P) | Temperate Broad-leaved Evergreen (TeBLE) | |
| No. of sites | 3 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 1 |
| Stand age (range, yr) | 51-150 | mature | 60-120 | 5-40 | 55 |
| Basal area (m2/ha) | 41.3 + 8.7 | 29.8 + 0.8 | 26.3 + 4.3 | 29.4 + 3.6 | 47.9 |
| Height (m) | 17.1 + 4.3 | 37.8 + 0.3 | 13.8 + 2.2 | 14.3 + 1.0 | 12.0 |
| Leaf area index (m2/m2) | 4.3 + 0.2 | na | na | 9.2 + 0.8 | 6.0 |
| Leaf biomass (g/m2) | 694 + 6 | na | na | 834 + 112 | 770 |
| Branch and bole biomass (g/m2) | 27,825 + 1,625 | 37,126 + 1,749 | 16,494 + 2,324 | 14,366 + 2,539 | 18,558 |
| Branch and bole increment (g/m2/yr) | na | na | 747 + 63 | 1,009 + 140 | 983 |
| Above-ground standing crop (g/m2) | 28,753 + 1,759 | 43,266 + 3,111 | 17,200 + 2,404 | 15,200 + 2,581 | 19,328.5 |
| Net primary production (g/m2/yr) | 748 + 104 | 1,549 + 44 | 1,304 + 194 | 1,631 + 184 | 1,368 |
| Total litterfall (g) | 370 + 14 | na | 639 + 39 | na | na |
| Total leaffall (g) | 217 + 28 | 654 + 94 | 496 + 70 | 639 + 82 | 385 |
| Below-ground standing crop (g/m2) | na | na | 2,908 + 360 | 3,459 + 545 | na |
| Soil top organic matter (g/m2) | 1,485 + 342 | na | na | 719 + 89 | 809 |
| Average annual temperature (C) | 12.9 + 0.9 | 26.5 + 0.4 | na | 27.5 | 21.5 |
| Average annual precipitation (mm) | 908 + 77 | 1,851 + 82 | 1,058 + 214 | 1,158 | 2,630 |
| Length of growing seaon (days) | 365 | 365 | 194 + 76 | na | 365 |
| Growing season temperature (C) | 12.9 + 0.9 | 26.5 + 0.4 | na | na | 21.5 |
| Growing season precipitation (mm) | 908 + 77 | 1,851 + 82 | na | na | 2,630 |
Table 1. Continued
| Forest Type | ||||||
| Temperate Needle-leaved Deciduous Plantation (TeNLD/P) | Temperate Needle-leaved Evergreen (TeNLE)M | Temperate Evergreen Plantation [Needle-leaved (TeNLE/P) and Broad-leaved (TeBLE/P)] | Temperate Broad-leaved Deciduous (TeBLD) | Boreal Needle-leaved Evergreen (BoNLE) | Boreal Needle-leaved Evergreen Plantation (BoNLE/P) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of sites | 1 | 5 | 5 | 19 | 9 | 5 |
| Stand age (range, yr) | 39 | 85-290 | 15-36 | 30-200 | 51-130 | 34-115 |
| Basal area (m2/ha) | 37.3 | 68.8 + 9 | 34.5 + 5.3 | 23.7 + 1.1 | 32.8 + 1.7 | 46.2 + 4.5 |
| Height (m) | 19.4 | 21.0 + 2 | 15.0 + 1.4 | 20.8 + 1.4 | 17.2 + 17 | 25.8 + 2.4 |
| Leaf area index (m2/m2) | 6.7 | 8.8 + 1 | na | 5.2 + 0.3 | 7.6 + 0.4 | na |
| Leaf biomass (g/m2) | 359 | 932 + 213 | 647 + 90 | 350 + 29 | 964 + 90 | 1,371 + 281 |
| Branch and bole biomass (g/m2) | 16,080 | 22,496 + 5,490 | 11,249 + 1,647 | 16,249 + 2,562 | 12,443 + 1,876 | 23,081 + 3,083 |
| Branch and bole increment (g/m2/yr) | 580 | 382 + 74 | 743 + 144 | 359 + 36 | 135 + 29 | 699 + 108 |
| Above-ground standing crop (g/m2) | 16,938 | 21,437 + 4,000 | 11,918 + 1,732 | 17,352 + 2,235 | 13,917 + 1,869 | 24,452 + 2,930 |
| Net primary production (g/m2/yr) | 939 | 1,159 + 236 | 1,249 + 157 | 918 + 74 | 516 + 60 | 1,128 + 177 |
| Total litterfall (g) | na | 408 + 29 | 578 + 106 | 528 + 58 | 349 + 60 | na |
| Total leaffall (g) | 359 | 201 + 18 | 348 + 66 | 342 + 13 | 230 + 42 | 344 + 32 |
| Below-ground standing crop (g/m2) | 3,794 | na | 3,116 + 319 | 3,799 + 451 | 3,810 + 551 | 6,005 + 917 |
| Soil top organic matter (g/m2) | 1,390 | na | na | 757 + 169 | 3,776 + 798 | na |
| Average annual temperature (C) | 16.2 | 6.1 + 1.9 | 13.6 + 1.1 | 9.9 + 0.8 | 0.25 + 1.56 | 6.6 + 0.4 |
| Average annual precipitation (mm) | 1,806 | 935 + 270 | 1,338 + 89 | 917 + 115 | 514 + 89 | 913 + 78 |
| Length of growing seaon (days) | 150 | 196 + 8 | 201 + 16 | 198 + 14 | 106 + 20 | 186 + 29 |
| Growing season temperature (C) | na | 11.6 + 0.04 | 18.4 + 1.2 | 15.0 + 1.0 | 13.0 + 0.6 | 13.4 + 0.8 |
| Growing season precipitation (mm) | na | 639 + 142 | 690 + 31 | 499 + 81 | 264 + 60 | 452 + 54 |
Notes: na = not available. Unless otherwise indicated, values are means and standard errors are based on the number of stands included.
This data set contains four data files containing net primary productivity (NPP) data, edaphic characteristics, average climatic conditions, and basic descriptive and quantitative information on vegetation for 117 globally-distributed terrestrial forest sites.
Spatial Coverage
Site: Global
Site Boundaries:(All latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees)
| Site (Region) | Westernmost Longitude | Easternmost Longitude | Northernmost Latitude | Southernmost Latitude | Elevation (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global | -148 | 145.1667 | 66.3667 | -37.4167 | -22 - 2,000 |
Site Information
Almost every kind of forest ecosystem is represented in the data set (Burgess, 1981). A hierarchical scheme was used to assign a forest type to each site based on the climate, life-form, behavior, and status features of the site. Included are sites of the following types, with the number of each forest type in parentheses: Tropical (26), Mediterranean (3), Temperate (55), and Boreal (33). With respect to life-form, 72 sites were dominated by broad-leaved species and 45 were needle-leaved. There were 65 deciduous stands and 52 evergreen. Finally, 89 sites consisted of natural forest and 28 were managed. Overall, the sites were classified by biome, as shown in Table 2. There is a reasonable representation of all terrestrial forest categories with the exception of Mediterranean woodlands, which are under-represented.
Table 2. Site names, locations, climate information, and forest classifications in the IBP Woodlands Data Set
| ID | SITE | LONG (decimal degrees) | LAT (decimal degrees) | MAT (C) | MAP (mm) | BIOME CLASSIFICATION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MT DISAPPOINTMENT, AUSTRALIA | 145.1667 | -37.4167 | 11.2 | 982 | MeBLE |
| 2 | VIRELLES, BELGIUM | 4.35 | 50.0667 | 8.5 | 952 | TeBLD |
| 3 | MANAUS, BRAZIL | -60 | -4 | 27.2 | 1771 | TrBLE |
| 4 | ONTARIO SITE REGION 5, SITE 1 (DRY), CANADA | -78.3833 | 45.2333 | 4 | 1243 | BoNLE |
| 5 | ONTARIO SITE REGION 5, SITE 2 (FRESH), CANADA | -78.8167 | 45.5333 | 4 | 1243 | BoNLE |
| 6 | ONTARIO SITE REGION 5, SITE 3 (MOIST), CANADA | -78.2833 | 45.2833 | 4 | 1243 | BoNLE |
| 7 | ONTARIO SITE REGION 5, SITE 4 (WET), CANADA | -78.2667 | 45.2833 | 4 | 1243 | BoNLE |
| 8 | BAB, CZECHOSLOVAKIA | 17.9 | 48.1833 | 10 | 570 | TeBLD |
| 9 | HESTEHAVEN, DENMARK | 10.4833 | 56.3 | 7.1 | 660 | TeBLD |
| 10 | OULU, FINLAND | 29 | 66.3667 | 0 | 500 | BoNLE |
| 11 | FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE | 2.6333 | 48.4167 | 10.2 | 674 | TeBLD |
| 12 | MADELEINE, FRANCE | 4 | 43 | 14.1 | 754 | MeBLD |
| 13 | ROUQUET, FRANCE | 3.7667 | 43.7 | 12.4 | 987 | MeBLD |
| 14 | SIKFOKUT, HUNGARY | 20.4667 | 47.9 | 9.9 | 582 | TeBLD |
| 15 | CHAKIA FOREST (SITE 1), VARANASI, INDIA | 83.0333 | 25 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD |
| 16 | CHAKIA FOREST (SITE 2), VARANASI, INDIA | 83 | 25 | 30.1 | 742 | TrBLD |
| 17 | CHAKIA, INDIA | 83 | 25.3333 | -99.9 | 844 | TrBLD |
| 18 | SAL PLANTATION (5 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 19 | SAL PLANTATION (8 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 20 | SAL PLANTATION (14 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 21 | SAL PLANTATION (26 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 22 | SAL PLANTATION (30 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 23 | SAL PLANTATION (40 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 24 | TEAK PLANTATION (5 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 25 | TEAK PLANTATION (8 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 26 | TEAK PLANTATION (14 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 27 | TEAK PLANTATION (26 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 28 | TEAK PLANTATION (30 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 29 | TEAK PLANTATION (40 YR OLD), GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.8833 | 27 | -99.9 | -9999 | TrBLD/P |
| 30 | SAL PLANTATION (10 YR OLD), LACCHMIPUR RANGE, GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.5 | 27 | 27.5 | 1158 | TrBLD/P |
| 31 | SAL PLANTATION (16 YR OLD), LACCHMIPUR RANGE, GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.5 | 27 | 27.5 | 1158 | TrBLD/P |
| 32 | SAL PLANTATION (22 YR OLD), LACCHMIPUR RANGE, GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.5 | 27 | 27.5 | 1158 | TrBLD/P |
| 33 | SAL PLANTATION (28 YR OLD), LACCHMIPUR RANGE, GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.5 | 27 | 27.5 | 1158 | TrBLD/P |
| 34 | SAL PLANTATION (35 YR OLD), LACCHMIPUR RANGE, GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.5 | 27 | 27.5 | 1158 | TrBLD/P |
| 35 | SAL PLANTATION (38 YR OLD), LACCHMIPUR RANGE, GORAKHPUR FOREST DIVISION, INDIA | 83.5 | 27 | 27.5 | 1158 | TrBLD/P |
| 36 | BANCO (PLATEAU), IVORY COAST | -4.0333 | 5.3833 | 26.2 | 2095 | TrBLE |
| 37 | YAPO, IVORY COAST | -4.1 | 5.7 | -99.9 | 1739 | TrBLE |
| 38 | JPTF-66-KOIWAI, KOIWAI, JAPAN | 141 | 39.75 | 10.2 | 1806 | TeNLD/P |
| 39 | SCHOOL FOREST, ASHU, KYOTO, JAPAN | 135.75 | 35.3333 | 11.3 | 2788 | TeBLD |
| 40 | OKINAWA, JAPAN | 128.0833 | 26.7833 | 21.5 | 2630 | TeBLE |
| 41 | JPTF-OKITA, OKITA, JAPAN | 141.35 | 39.0333 | 11.3 | 1467 | TeNLE |
| 42 | SHIGAYAMA, JAPAN | 138.5 | 36.6667 | 4.2 | 1455 | TeNLE |
| 43 | JPTF-70 YUSUHARA KUBOTANIYAMA, JAPAN | 133 | 33.3333 | 13.6 | 2748 | TeNLE |
| 44 | JPTF-71 YUSUHARA TAKATORIYAMA, JAPAN | 133 | 33.3333 | 13.6 | 2748 | TeNLE |
| 45 | PASOH, WEST MALAYSIA | 102.3 | 2.9833 | 26 | 1800 | TrBLE |
| 46 | MEERDINK, NETHERLANDS | 6.7 | 51.9167 | 8.6 | 780 | TeBLD |
| 47 | GEOBOTANICAL STATION, BIALOWIEZA, POLAND | 23.8667 | 52.75 | 5.3 | 649 | TeBLD |
| 48 | ISPINA, NIEPOLOMICE NEAR KRAKOW, POLAND | 20.3667 | 50.1 | 7.8 | 729 | TeBLD |
| 49 | KAMPINOS NATIONAL PARK, POLAND | 20.8333 | 52.3333 | -99.9 | 548 | TeNLE |
| 50 | BABADAG, SITE 1, RUMANIA | 28.7167 | 44.9 | 10.6 | 480 | TeBLD |
| 51 | BABADAG, SITE 2, RUMANIA | 28.7167 | 44.9 | 10.2 | 500 | TeBLD |
| 52 | SINAIA, SITE 1, RUMANIA | 23.25 | 45.3833 | 5.7 | 895 | TeBLD |
| 53 | SINAIA, SITE 2, RUMANIA | 23.25 | 45.3833 | 5.1 | 1025 | TeNLE |
| 54 | SAN JUAN, SPAIN | -0.65 | 42.5 | 8 | 802 | TeNLE |
| 55 | ANDERSBY ANGSBACKAR III, SWEDEN | 17 | 60 | 5.5 | 566 | TeBLD |
| 56 | KONGALUND BEECH SITE, SWEDEN | 13.1667 | 55.9833 | 7 | 800 | TeBLD |
| 57 | KONGALUND SPRUCE SITE, SWEDEN | 13.1667 | 55.9833 | 7 | 800 | BoNLE/P |
| 58 | LANGAROD, SWEDEN | 13.9167 | 55.75 | 6 | 900 | TeBLD |
| 59 | OVED, SWEDEN | 13.6333 | 55.7 | 7 | 650 | TeBLD |
| 60 | LINNEBJER, SWEDEN | 13.3 | 55.7333 | 7 | 644 | TeBLD |
| 61 | KOINAS, ARKANGELSK REGION, USSR | 47.5 | 64.6667 | -1.2 | 499 | BoNLE |
| 62 | CAUCASUS BIRCH SITE 1, AZERBAIJAN, USSR | 48 | 41 | -99.9 | 450 | TeBLD |
| 63 | CAUCASUS BIRCH SITE 2, AZERBAIJAN, USSR | 48 | 41 | -99.9 | 450 | TeBLD |
| 64 | TALLISH IRONWOOD (SUBTROPICAL) SITE 1, AZERBAIJAN, USSR | 48.5 | 38.8333 | 10 | 1200 | TeBLD |
| 65 | TALLISH IRONWOOD (SUBTROPICAL) SITE 2, AZERBAIJAN, USSR | 48.5 | 38.8333 | 10 | 1200 | TeBLD |
| 66 | TALLISH IRONWOOD (SUBTROPICAL) SITE 3, AZERBAIJAN, USSR | 48.5 | 38.8333 | 10 | 1200 | TeBLD |
| 67 | TALLISH IRONWOOD (SUBTROPICAL) SITE 4, AZERBAIJAN, USSR | 48.5 | 38.8333 | 10 | 1200 | TeBLD |
| 68 | TALLISH OAK (SUBTROPICAL) SITE 1, AZERBAIJAN, USSR | 48.5167 | 38.8333 | 10 | 700 | TeBLD |
| 69 | TALLISH OAK (SUBTROPICAL) SITE 2, AZERBAIJAN, USSR | 48.5 | 38.6667 | 15 | 1350 | TeBLD |
| 70 | LES NA VORSKLE, PLOT 7, BELGOROD REGION, USSR | 35.9667 | 50.6333 | 6 | 537 | TeBLD |
| 71 | LES NA VORSKLE, PLOT 8, BELGOROD REGION, USSR | 35.9667 | 50.6333 | 6 | 537 | TeBLD |
| 72 | CENTRAL FOREST RESERVE, USSR | 32.6667 | 56.5 | 3.4 | 640 | BoNLE |
| 73 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 1, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 74 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 2, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 75 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 3, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 76 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 4, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 77 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 5, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 78 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 6, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 79 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 7, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 80 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 8, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 81 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 9, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 82 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 10, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 83 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 11, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 84 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 12, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 85 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 13, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 86 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 14, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 87 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 15, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 88 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 16, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 89 | SOUTHERN KARELIAN SPRUCE, SITE 17, KARELIA, USSR | 34 | 62 | 2.2 | 650 | BoNLE |
| 90 | TIGROVAYA FLOODPLAIN, CENTRAL ASIA, TADJIKISTAN, USSR | 68.5 | 37.3333 | 17.3 | 186 | TeBLD |
| 91 | MEATHOP WOOD, UNITED KINGDOM | -2.8917 | 54.2083 | 7.8 | 1115 | TeBLD |
| 92 | BLACK SPRUCE-FEATHER MOSS SITE, ALASKA, USA | -148 | 64 | -99.9 | -9999 | BoNLE |
| 93 | BLACK SPRUCE MUSKEG, SITE 1, ALASKA, USA | -148 | 64 | -3.4 | 269 | BoNLE |
| 94 | BLACK SPRUCE MUSKEG, SITE 2, ALASKA, USA | -148 | 64 | -3.4 | 287 | BoNLE |
| 95 | HUBBARD BROOK, NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA | -71.5 | 44 | -99.9 | 1250 | TeBLD |
| 96 | BROOKHAVEN, NEW YORK, USA | -72.9 | 40.8333 | 9.8 | 1240 | TeBLD |
| 97 | WATERSHED 1, COWEETA, NORTH CAROLINA, USA | -83.4333 | 35.0667 | 13.6 | 1628 | TeNLD/P |
| 98 | WATERSHED 18, COWEETA, NORTH CAROLINA, USA | -83.4333 | 35.05 | 12.6 | 1945 | TeBLD |
| 99 | DUKE FOREST, NORTH CAROLINA, USA | -79 | 36 | 15.6 | 1150 | TeBLE/P |
| 100 | TRIANGLE SITE, SAXAPAHAW, NORTH CAROLINA, USA | -79 | 36 | 15.6 | 1150 | TeBLE/P |
| 101 | ANDREWS EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, WATERSHED 10, OREGON, USA | -122.3333 | 44.25 | 8.5 | 2250 | TeNLE |
| 102 | LIRIODENDRON SITE OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE, USA | -84.2833 | 35.9167 | 13.3 | 1400 | TeBLD |
| 103 | WALKER BRANCH SITE 1, OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE, USA | -84.2833 | 35.9667 | 13.3 | 1400 | TeBLD |
| 104 | WALKER BRANCH SITE 2, OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE, USA | -84.2833 | 35.9667 | 13.3 | 1400 | TeBLD |
| 105 | WALKER BRANCH SITE 3, OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE, USA | -84.2833 | 35.9667 | 13.3 | 1400 | TeBLD |
| 106 | WALKER BRANCH SITE 4, OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE, USA | -84.2833 | 35.9667 | 13.3 | 1400 | TeBLD |
| 107 | THOMPSON RESEARCH CENTER, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, USA | -121.95 | 47.3833 | 9.8 | 1360 | TeNLE/P |
| 108 | NOE WOODS (LAKE WINGRA), WISCONSIN, USA | -89.4 | 43.0333 | 6.9 | 777 | TeBLD |
| 109 | NAKOMA URBAN FOREST, WISCONSIN, USA | -89.4 | 43.0333 | -99.9 | -9999 | TeBLD |
| 110 | FA. EGLHARTING, ABT. 27A, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY | 12 | 48 | 7 | 875 | BoNLE/P |
| 111 | SOLLING PROJECT, SITE B 1, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY | 9.5833 | 51.8167 | 6.1 | 1063 | TeBLD |
| 112 | SOLLING PROJECT, SITE B 3, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY | 9.5667 | 51.75 | 6.1 | 1063 | TeBLD |
| 113 | SOLLING PROJECT, SITE B 4, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY | 9.6 | 51.75 | 6.3 | 1063 | TeBLD |
| 114 | SOLLING PROJECT, SITE F 1, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY | 9.5833 | 51.8167 | 5.9 | 1063 | BoNLE/P |
| 115 | SOLLING PROJECT, SITE F 2, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY | 9.5667 | 51.7333 | 5.9 | 1063 | BoNLE/P |
| 116 | SOLLING PROJECT, SITE F 3, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY | 9.5833 | 51.75 | 5.9 | 1063 | BoNLE/P |
| 117 | LUBUMBASHI, ZAIRE | 27.6 | -11.4833 | 20.3 | 1273 | TrBLD |
Notes: MAT = Mean annual temperature. MAP = Mean annual precipitation. See Table 1.1 in Burgess (1981) for principal overstory components (species) for each site.
Spatial Resolution
Spatial resolution of field measurements at individual sites is not available in this data set. See individual NPP files archived at ORNL DAAC, where applicable, or primary data sources identified in the [woodland.txt] file for this information.
Temporal Coverage
The IBP woodlands field data were collected on site from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s. The compiled data cover the 1955-1975 period, although most of the data cover ca. 1965-1975.
Temporal Resolution
Temporal resolution of field measurements at individual sites is not available in this data set. See individual NPP files archived at ORNL DAAC, where applicable, or primary data sources identified in the [woodland.txt] file for this information.
Data File Information
Table 3. Data files in this data set archive
| FILE NAME | TEMPORAL COVERAGE | FILE CONTENTS |
|---|---|---|
| woodland.txt | 1955/01/01-1975/12/31 | IBP Woodlands Data Set. Complete synthesis of data for each of the 117 sites as published in DeAngelis et al. (1981). Each record contains site ID, parameter abbreviation, and values. 5,887 records. Terms and abbreviations used are given in Tables 4-8. |
| wdlnd_1.txt | 1955/01/01-1975/12/31 | Site location, biome, and selected forest productivity and soils data from IBP Woodlands Data Set. 117 records. |
| wdlnd_2.txt | 1955/01/01-1975/12/31 | Site name and climate data from IBP Woodlands Data Set. 117 records. |
| wdlnd_3.txt | 1955/01/01-1975/12/31 | Site ID, forest type, investigator(s), and years of the study from IBP Woodlands Data Set. 117 records. |
NPP Data. The IBP Woodlands Data Set provides data for 117 globally distributed forest sites. The data were extracted from DeAngelis et al. (1981) and organized into four files, as described in Table 3. The variable values are delimited by semicolons. The first 16 lines in each file are metadata; data records begin on line 17. All NPP units are in g/m2 (dry matter weight). Other units of measure are given in tables below. The values 999.9, -9.9, -9.99, -99.9, -99.90, -999, -9999, and -99999 are used to denote missing values.
The data records in each file are organized in alphabetical order by country. The first file [woodland.txt] provide the complete record for each forest site. This file contains 5,887 records.The data are arranged in a single column with each variable on a separate line. The other three files are arranged as row and column tables. The second file [wdlnd_1.txt] identifies site location, biome, and selected forest productivity and soils data. There is one line per record, for a total of 117 records. The third file [wdlnd_2.txt] provides climate data (temperature, precipitation, radiation, growing season length) organized by site. There is one line per record, for a total of 117 records. The fourth file [wdlnd_3.txt] provides site forest type, investigator(s) name(s), and years of the study, organized by site. There is one line per record, for a total of 117 records.
Abbreviations for data variables are used so that the data can be presented in a compact form. Tables 4-8 below provides definitions of abbreviations and terms used in conjunction with the data set (adapted from DeAngelis et al., 1981). Tables 9-12 provide definitions of column headings as they are used and organized in the data files. Data format notes are also available. References are provided for the source of the data and compilation process.
Several symbols are used in the biomass compartment tabulations:
Table 4. Definitions for interpreting data in the data set
| TERM | DEFINITION |
|---|---|
| Basal Area Increment | The amount of woody tissue added to the stand basal area per year through growth |
| Compartment | A division of the ecosystem for which we may measure organic matter in terms of dry weight |
| Increment (Net annual) | The change in the size of a compartment during a year. For example, leaf mass in July 1970=812 g/m2 and leaf mass in July 1971=826 g/m2. The increment is therefore 14 g/m2/yr. Note that increment in this example does not include leaf litterfall. Similar definitions are used for branch and bole increments, with branch and bole litterfall not included in the increment. |
| Field Layer | Herbaceous plants, mosses and lichens. Woody plants less than 50 cm in height are included here. |
| Flux (Net annual) | The annual amount of organic matter being transferred (e.g., by litterfall) from one compartment to another |
| Frass | Includes insect excreta and may include other unidentifiable materials |
| Global Radiation | The sum of irradiance on a horizontal surface caused by direct solar radiation and diffuse short-wave radiation due to clouds, dust and molecular scattering from all parts of the sky. (Definition from Van Wijk and Scholte Ubing, 1966). |
| Overstory | The trees forming the main canopy |
| Productivity (Net annual) | The sum of litterfall plus all biomass increments plus consumption not accounted for in production |
| Radiation Balance | The difference between short-wave radiation from the sky and the sum of short-wave reflected radiation and long-wave terrestrial radiation |
| Soil Top Organic | Includes recently fallen litter (L layer) as well as decomposing organic layers on top of the mineral soil (F and H layers) |
| Standing Dead | Dead plants or parts of plants still standing in the forest |
| Stocking Density | Number of stems per hectare |
| Understory (or Substory) | The sum of sub-canopy and shrub layers |
Table 5. Abbreviations used in site descriptions
| ABBREVIATION | DEFINITION |
|---|---|
| ID | Site Number (1-117) |
| SITE | Site Name |
| INVEST | Name(s) of Investigator(s) |
| OTH_INVEST | Other investigator(s) |
| SEL_CITn | Selected citations, if more than on citation is given, each is numbered, e.g., SEL_CIT2. |
| YEARS | Years of study conducted |
| FOR_TYP | Forest type (biome classification) |
| SOIL_TYP | Soil type |
| GEOLOGY | Geology |
| SOIL_DR | Soil drainage |
| OVRSTORY | Principal overstory plant types (species) |
| UNDSTORY | Principal understory plant types (species) |
| FLD_LAYER | Principal field layer plant types (species) |
Table 6. Abbreviations relevant to general site data
| ABBREVIATION | DEFINITION | UNITS |
|---|---|---|
| AS | Age of stand | Years |
| LAI | Leaf area index | Square meters/square meter |
| BA | Basal area | Square meters/hectare |
| BAI | Basal area increment | Square meters/hectare |
| SH | Stand height | Meters |
| SD | Stocking density | Stems/hectare |
| SCA | Standing crop above-ground | Grams/square meter |
| SCB | Standing crop below-ground | Grams/square meter |
| PA | Productivity above-ground | Grams/square meter/year |
| PB | Productivity below-ground | Grams/square meter/year |
| LAT | Latitude | Decimal degrees |
| LNG | Longitude | Decimal degrees |
| ALT | Altitude (elevation above sea level) | Meters |
| MAT | Mean annual temperature | Degrees Centigrade |
| MAP | Mean annual precipitation | Millimeters |
| MAR | Mean annual radiation (global) | Calories/square centimeter/year |
| RBA | Radiation balance | Calories/square centimeter/year |
| LGS | Length of growing season | Days |
| TGS | Temperature during growing season | Degrees Centigrade |
| PGS | Mean precipitation in growing season | Millimeters |
| RGS | Mean radiation in growing season (global) | Calories/square centimeter/year |
| RBG | Radiation balance in growing season | Calories/square centimeter/year |
| SPH | Soil pH | |
| DRZ | Depth of rooting zone | Centimeters |
Table 7. Abbreviations relevant to compartment biomass data (units are grams/square meter)
| ABBREVIATION | DEFINITION |
|---|---|
| OL | Overstory leaves |
| OFF | Overstory fruits, flowers |
| OBR | Overstory branches-sum |
| OBRB | Overstory branches-bark |
| OBRW | Overstory branches-wood |
| OBO | Overstory bole-sum |
| OBOB | Overstory bole-bark |
| OBOW | Overstory bole-wood |
| OSTD | Overstory standing dead |
| OSUM | Sum overstory |
| UL | Understory leaves |
| UFF | Understory fruits, flowers |
| UBR | Understory branches-sum |
| UBRB | Understory branches-bark |
| UBRW | Understory branches-wood |
| UBO | Understory bole-sum |
| UBOB | Understory bole-bark |
| UBOW | Understory bole-wood |
| USTD | Understory standing dead |
| USUM | Sum understory |
| HERB | Herbaceous field |
| EPIP | Epiphytes total |
| PSUM | Total above-ground plants |
| RL | Living roots sum |
| RLL | Living roots > 5 mm |
| RLS | Living roots < 5 mm |
| RD | Dead roots |
| STO | Soil top organic |
| RZ | Rooting zone |
| IRZ | Intensive rooted |
| ERZ | Extensive rooted |
| SUBS | Subsoil |
| HETR | Heterotrophs sum |
| AGC | Above-ground consumers |
| DCFA | Decomposer fauna |
| DCFL | Decomposer flora |
| CS | Consumption total |
| CSF | Consumption foliage total |
| CSO | Consumption overstory |
Notes: The above parameters are suffixed with the following (i.e., OL_A):
A = Amount
I = Increment
AR = Autotrophic Respiration (see Liriodendron Site, Oak Ridge, Tennessee)
HR = Heterotrophic Respiration (see Liriodendron Site, Oak Ridge, Tennessee)
P = Photosynthesis
R = Respiration
Table 8. Abbreviations relevant to compartment flux data (units are grams/square meter)
| ABBREVIATION | DEFINITION |
|---|---|
| CSOW | Consumption wood-overstory |
| CSUW | Consumption wood-understory |
| CSR | Consumption roots-total |
| CSU | Consumption-understory |
| CSHB | Consumption -herbaceous |
| CSW | Consumption wood total |
| LF | Litterfall total |
| LFL | Litterfall leaf |
| LFFF | Litterfall flower, fruit |
| LFBR | Litterfall branch |
| LFBO | Litterfall bole |
| LFFR | Litterfall frass |
| LFEP | Litterfall epiphytes |
| ATIN | Atmospheric input |
| PRE | Precipitation |
| DRP | Dry particulates (dust) |
| GAF | Gaseous fixation |
| LEAC | Leaching |
| LWAS | Leaf wash |
| STMF | Stem flow |
| LSOL | Leaching soil layers |
| OUTP | Output |
| OPWI | Output wind erosion |
| OPWA | Output water erosion |
| OPPR | Output percolation |
Table 9. Column headings, parameter definitions, and units for [woodland.txt] data file
| COLUMN HEADING | DEFINITION | UNITS |
|---|---|---|
| SITE_ID | Site Number (1-117) | Numeric |
| PARM | Parameter. Refer to Tables 6-9 for abbreviations and definitions. | Text |
| VALUE | Site information, compartment biomass data value, or compartment flux data value. Refer to Tables 5-8 for units of measure. | Text or Numeric |
Sample NPP Data Record [woodland.txt]
| SITE_ID;PARM;VALUE 1;ID ;1 1;SITE ;MT DISAPPOINTMENT, AUSTRALIA 1;INVEST ;P. ATTIWILL 1;ADDRESS ;BOTANY SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, PARKVILLE, VICTORIA 3052, AUSTRALIA 1;SEL_CIT1;ATTIWILL, P. 1962. FOREST SCIENCE 8:132-41 1;SEL_CIT2;ATTIWILL, P. 1966. ECOLOGY 47:795-804 1;SEL_CIT3;ATTIWILL, P. 1968. ECOLOGY 49:142-145 1;SEL_CIT4;ATTIWILL, P. 1966. PLANT AND SOIL 24:390-406 1;SEL_CIT5;ATTIWILL, P. 1972. AUST. FOREST-TREE NUTRITION CONF. 39-46, 125-34 1;YEARS ;1955-1972 1;FOR_TYP ;BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREEN, EUCALYPTUS 1;SOIL_TYP;KRASNOZEN (RED FRIABLE POROUS EARTH) 1;GEOLOGY ;METAMORPHOSED SILURIAN MUDSTONES, SANDSTONES AND SHALES 1;SOIL_DR ;EXCELLENT 1;OVRSTORY;EUCALYPTUS OLBIQUA 1;AS ;51 1;LAI ;4.1 1;BA ;54.1 1;BAX ;63.3 1;BAI ;0.55 1;SH ;21.7 1;SHX ;29.1 1;SD ;704 1;SDX ;976 1;SCA ;31236 1;SCB ;7534 1;PA ;852 1;PB ;148 1;LAT ;-37.4167 1;LNG ;145.1667 .... |
Table 10. Column headings, parameter definitions, and units for [wdlnd_1.txt] data file
| COLUMN HEADING | DEFINITION | UNITS |
|---|---|---|
| ID | Site number (1-117) | Numeric |
| COUNTRY | Site location, by country | Text |
| LONG | Longitude of site | Decimal degrees |
| LAT | Latitude of site | |
| ALT | Altitude (elevation above sea level); lower value in range | <Meters |
| ALTX | Altitude (elevation above sea level); upper value in range | |
| BIOME | Biome classification. See Table 1 for definitions | Text |
| AS | Age of stand; lower value in range | Years |
| ASX | Age of stand; upper value in range | |
| LAI | Leaf area index | Square meters/square meter |
| BA | Basal area | Square meters/hectare |
| BAI | Basal area increment | Square meters/hectare |
| SH | Stand height | Meters |
| SD | Stocking density | Stems/hectare |
| SCA | Standing crop above-ground | Grams/square meter |
| SCB | Standing crop below-ground | Grams/square meter |
| PA | Productivity above-ground | Grams/square meter/year |
| PB | Productivity below-ground | Grams/square meter/year |
| SPH | Soil pH; lower value in range | Numeric |
| SPHX | Soil pH; upper value in range | |
| DRZ | Depth of rooting zone | Centimeters |
Sample NPP Data Record [wdlnd_1.txt]
| ID;COUNTRY ; LONG; LAT; ALT;ALTX;BIOME ; AS; ASX; LAI; BA; BAI; SH; SD; SCA; SCB; PA; PB; SPH;SPHX; DRZ 1;AUSTRALIA ; 145.1667;-37.4167; 545;-999;MeBLE ; 51.0;-99.9; 4.10; 54.1; 0.55; 21.70; 704; 31236; 7534; 852.0; 148.0; 5.2; 5.9; 100 2;BELGIUM ; 4.3500; 50.0667; 245;-999;TeBLD ; 80.0;-99.9; 6.80; 21.2; 0.60; 16.00; 1250; 12100; 3500;1224.0; 233.0;-9.9;-9.9; 30 3;BRAZIL ; -60.0000; -4.0000; 90;-999;TrBLE ;999.0;-99.9;-99.90; 30.7;-9.99; 38.10; 93780; 40600; 6720;-999.9;-999.9; 3.1; 4.4; 110 4;CANADA ; -78.3833; 45.2333; 465;-999;BoNLE ; 84.0;-99.9; 11.60; 32.3; 0.31; 14.90; 3311; 12151; 2800; 451.2;-999.9; 4.3;-9.9; 13 ... |
Table 11. Column headings, parameter definitions, and units for [wdlnd_2.txt] data file
| COLUMN HEADING | DEFINITION | UNITS |
|---|---|---|
| ID | Site number (1-117) | Numeric |
| SITE | Site location, by country, with sub-site identification | Text |
| MAT | Mean annual temperature | Degrees Centigrade |
| MAP | Mean annual precipitation | Millimeters |
| RBA | Radiation balance | Calories/square centimeter/year |
| LGS | Length of growing season | Days |
| TGS | Temperature during growing season | Degrees Centigrade |
| PGS | Mean precipitation in growing season | Millimeters |
| RGS | Mean radiation in growing season (global) | Calories/square centimeter/year |
| RBG | Radiation balance in growing season | Calories/square centimeter/year |
Sample NPP Data Record [wdlnd_2.txt]
| ID;SITE;MAT;MAP;MAR;RBA;LGS;TGS;PGS;RGS;RBG
1;MT DISAPPOINTMENT, AUSTRALIA ; 11.2; 982;-99999;-99999; 365; 11.2; 982;-99999;-99999 2;VIRELLES, BELGIUM ; 8.5; 952; 93131; 41150; 155; 13.8; 450; 57198; 27875 3;MANAUS, BRAZIL ; 27.2; 1771;-99999;-99999; 365; 27.2; 1771;-99999;-99999 4;ONTARIO SITE REGION 5, SITE 1 (DRY), CANADA ; 4.0; 1243;-99999;-99999; 167; 14.0; 469;-99999;-99999 5;ONTARIO SITE REGION 5, SITE 2 (FRESH), CANADA ; 4.0; 1243;-99999;-99999; 167; 14.0; 469;-99999;-99999 6;ONTARIO SITE REGION 5, SITE 3 (MOIST), CANADA ; 4.0; 1243;-99999;-99999; 167; 14.0; 469;-99999;-99999 ... |
Table 12. Column headings, parameter definitions, and units for [wdlnd_3.txt] data file
| COLUMN HEADING | DEFINITION | UNITS |
|---|---|---|
| ID | Site number (1-117) | Numeric |
| FOR_TYP | Forest type (biome classification, dominant tree species, forest association, or edaphic characterization) | Text |
| INVEST | Name(s) of Investigator(s) | Text |
| YEARS | Years of study conducted | Years |
Sample NPP Data Record [wdlnd_3.txt]
| ID;FOR_TYP;INVEST;YEARS 1;BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREEN, EUCALYPTUS ;P. ATTIWILL ;1955-1972 2;MIXED OAK ;P. DUVIGNEAUD, A. GALOUX ;1964-1969 3;TROPICAL RAIN FOREST ; ;1970 4;SPRUCE ;ALAN G.GORDON ;1961-1975 5;SPRUCE ;ALAN G.GORDON ;1961-1975 6;SPRUCE ;ALAN G.GORDON ;1961-1975 ... |
The Woodlands Data Set provides a unique historical resource for the analysis of forest ecosystems. Previous to this compilation, attempts to compare the forests of the world were limited by the small number of research sites which had been documented with methods and parameters similar enough to permit comparison. O'Neill and DeAngelis (1981) compared the Woodlands Data Set with other analyses of general patterns in world forests that had appeared in the literature. Among the analyses compared were the proposed relationship between productivity and climatic variables, the quantity of leaf and total litterfall by type and region, and the ratio of wood production to leaf litter production as a function of growing season global radiation. O'Neill and DeAngelis (1981) also analyzed the Woodlands Data Set to determine forest characteristics that were relatively independent of site and species differences. Although the differences among the research sites are quite large, some patterns were consistent across all forests, such as stand height as a function of total above-ground biomass and the relationship between diameter classes and the density of trees. Other characteristics hold true for major forest types, such as evergreen and deciduous, or gymnosperms and angiosperms. An example of the latter is biomass of various plant components as a function of total above-ground biomass.
The projects submitting data to the Woodlands Data Set were diverse, both internationally and in the scope and emphasis of their research. Because of this, the data did not always conform easily to the uniform format in which it is presented here. According to the compilers (DeAngelis et al., 1981), "Repeated communications with members of various projects were often employed before deciding on appropriate values. We have tried to follow faithfully the wishes of the projects in this regard."
Some data quality caveats are as follows:
Rigorous comparisons among sites are complicated because of the above data constraints and because for each site there many be additional highly pertinent facts which could not be included in the data summaries. See O'Neill and DeAngelis (1981) for a discussion of these constraints. Those users of the data wishing to pursue similar analyses may also want to consult the primary literature publications relevant to each site, which are cited in the general site descriptions in DeAngelis et al. (1981) and in [woodland.txt].
Sources of Error
Information not available.
The Woodlands Data Set represents the integrated product of collaborating scientists from 23 countries around the world. Implementation of an international woodlands program began with a workshop in 1968 in Tennessee, U.S.A., published as Analysis of Temperate Forest Ecosystems (Reichle, 1970). This was followed by Productivity of Forest Ecosystems of the World (Duvigneaud, 1971), a UNESCO symposium held in 1969 in Brussels, Belgium. In 1971, a workshop in Sweden (Rosswell, 1971) refined conceptual approaches and analytical measurements for forest studies. Three additional workshops were held to facilitate exchange and analysis of the data being produced. The data files of the first workshop in 1972 in Tennessee were published as Modeling Forest Ecosystems (Reichle et al., 1972). From the next workshop in 1974 in Gottingen, Germany, an updated data file was prepared and published as Data Analysis and Data Synthesis of Forest Ecosystems (Ulrich et al., 1974). A common computer format was established and computer storage and analysis of data was undetaken by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). In 1975, the last workshop was held in Jadrass, Sweden, to update the data files. The results of this sequence is the Woodlands Data Set, published in DeAngelis et al. (1981).
In DeAngelis et al. (1981), the data for each site were organized into three general parts. The first part identified the investigator(s), selected citations, years of the study, forest type, soil and geology types, and principal plant types. The second part consisted of general site description data, including edaphic characteristics, average meteorological conditions, and basic descriptive and quantitative data on the vegetation. In the last part, data for up to 38 biomass compartments are presented. Tables present the measured amounts and increments in these compartments, as well as the fluxes between them.
The data in DeAngelis et al. (1981) were extracted and reorganized in digital format and archived in 1997 by ORNL DAAC. The latitude and longitude coordinates were converted to decimal degrees and a biome type from Burgess (1981) was added to each site record.
These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
Contact for Data Center Access Information:
E-mail: uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952
Burgess, R.L. 1981. Physiognomy and phycosociology of the international woodlands research sites, pp. 1-36. In Reichle, D.E., Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 683 pp.
DeAngelis, D.L., R.H. Gardner, and H.H. Shugart. 1981. Productivity of forest ecosystems studied during the IBP: the woodlands data set, pp. 567-672. In Reichle, D.E., Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 683 pp.
O'Neill, R.V. and D.L. DeAngelis. 1981. Comparative productivity and biomass relations of forest ecosystems, pp. 411-450. In Reichle, D.E., Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 683 pp.
Olson, R. J., K.R. Johnson, D.L. Zheng, and J.M.O. Scurlock. 2001. Global and Regional Ecosystem Modeling: Databases of Model Drivers and Validation Measurements. ORNL Technical Memorandum TM-2001/196. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Additional Sources of Information:
Duvigneaud, P. (ed.). 1971. Productivity of Forest Ecosystems of the World. UNESCO, Paris.
Esser, G. 1998. NPP Multi-Biome: Global Osnabruck Data, 1937-1981. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/214
Olson, R.J., J.M.O. Scurlock, S.D. Prince, D.L. Zheng, and K.R. Johnson (eds.). 2012a. NPP Multi-Biome: Global Primary Production Data Initiative Products, R2. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/617
Olson, R.J., J.M.O. Scurlock, S.D. Prince, D.L. Zheng, and K.R. Johnson (eds.). 2012b. NPP Multi-Biome: NPP and Driver Data for Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison, R2. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/615
Reichle, D.E. (ed.). 1970. Analysis of Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York.
Reichle, D.E., R.V. O'Neill, and J.S. Olson. 1972. Modeling Forest Ecosystems. EDFB-IBP-73-7. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Rosswell, T. (ed.). 1971. Systems Analysis in Northern Coniferous Forests - IBP Workshop. Bull. 14 Ecol. Res. Com. Swedish Natural Research Council.
Scurlock, J.M.O., and R.J. Olson. 2012. NPP Multi-Biome: Grassland, Boreal Forest, and Tropical Forest Sites, 1939-1996, R1. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/653
Ulrich, B., R. Mayer, and H. Heller. 1974. Data Analysis and Data Synthesis of Forest Ecosystems. Gottingen Bodenkundliche Berichte 30, Gottingen.
Van Wijk, W.R., and D.W. Scholte Ubing. 1966. Physics of Plant Environment. W.R. Van Wijk (ed.). Northern-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam.