This data set contains information about the atmospheric boundary layer conducted during three campaigns conducted over forested and deforested areas in Ji-Parana, Rondonia. Observations were made with radiosondes and tethered balloons. These three Rondonia boundary Layer Experiment (RBLE) campaigns were part of the Anglo-Brazilian Amazonizn Climate Observation study ( ABRACOS).
The data were used to characterize differences in the atmospheric boundary layer that develops over forested and cleared areas. In addition the data were used to initialize models that investigate the sensitivity of climate to land-surface parameters and to examine the local effects on climate of deforested areas.
Pre-LBA Data Set Collection Initiative
The Pre-LBA data set collection was dedicated to providing information to the LBA research community about existing data that have been collected in Amazonia during the 20 years prior to 1998. The main goal of this activity was to compile and document existing data sets in a consistent manner and make them available prior to the beginning of the LBA experiment.
The data set compilation efforts included satellite imagery, micrometeorological observations, near surface and upper-air atmospheric conditions, surface biophysical and hydrological measurements obtained from 1970s-1990s in a number of field experiments. Data were collected for several intensive field campaigns, during the rainy and dry seasons, and other periods that vary from short intensive field campaigns to several years worth of observations, measured sometimes with a time resolution of 5 minutes and 1 hour.
Cite this data set as follows:
Fisch, G., E. Rocha, S.S. Souza, A.D. Culf, C.A. Nobre, H R. Rocha, R.F. Lyra, A.C.L. Costa, V.N. Ubarana, J.C. Calvet, and I.R. Wright. 2009. Pre-LBA Rondonia Boundary Layer Experiment (RBLE) Data. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/917.
The original CD-ROM citation is as follows:
Marengo, J.A., and R.L. Victoria. 1998. Pre-LBA Data Sets Initiative, 3 vols. [Pre-Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia Data Sets Initiative, 3 vols.]. CD-ROM. Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudios Climaticos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (CPTEC/INPE) [Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Study, National Institute for Space Research], Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Pre-LBA Data Set Collection Metadata
Campaign: RBLE > Rondonia Boundary Layer Experiment Keywords RONDONIA RADIOSONDE RAWINSONDE TETHERED BALOON FORES GRASSLAND PROFILES Investigator Last_name: Fisch First_name: Gilberto Email: gfisch@aca.iae.cta.br Phone: 55 12 3474565 FAX: 55 12 3412522 Address: IAE/CTA/ACA Praca Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 5 Vila das Acacias City: Sao Jose dos Campos State_or_Province: Sao Paulo 12228-901 Country: Brazil Last_name: Rocha First_name: Edson Middle_name: J. P. Email: edson@cptec.inpe.br Phone: +55-12-560.8413 FAX: +55-12-560.8413 Address: INPE/CPTEC Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 40 C. P.01 - Zip code:12630-000 City: Cachoeira Paulista State_or_Province: Sao Paulo Country: Brazil Last_name: Souza First_name: Solange Middle_name: Silva Phone: 55-12-560-8413 FAX: 55-12-561-2835 Address: INPE Rodvia Presidente Dutra KM 39 City: Cachoeira Paulista 12630-000 State_or_Province: SP Country: Brazil Last_name: Culf First_name: Alistair Middle_name: D. Address: Institute of Hidrology Crowmarsh Gifford OX108BB City: Wallingford Country: UK Last_name: Nobre First_name: Carlos Middle_name: A. Email: nobre@cptec.inpe.br Phone: +55 12 561 2822 FAX: +55 12 561 2835 Address: CPTEC-INPE Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 40 Caixa Postal 01 City: Choeira Paulista - 12630-000 State_or_Province: SP Country: Brazil Last_name: Rocha First_name: Humberto Middle_name: Ribeiro Email: humberto@helicon.iag.usp.br Phone: 55 11 8184705 FAX: 55 11 8184714 Address: Departamento de Ciências Atmosfericas Universidade de Sao Paulo R. Matao 1226 - Cidade Universitaria City: Sao Paulo State_or_Province: Sao Paulo 05508-900 Country: Brazil Last_name: Lyra First_name: Roberto Middle_name: F. da F. Address: Universidade Federal de Alagoas City: Maceio State_or_Province: Alagoas 57072-970 Country: Brazil Last_name: Costa First_name: Antonio Middle_name: Carlos Lola Address: Universidade Federal do Para |
Last_name: Ubarana First_name: Vinicios Middle_name: N. Address: The Weather Channel Cumberland Parkway City: Atlanta 30339 State_or_Province: Georgia Country: USA Last_name: Calvet First_name: Jean Middle_name: Christophe Email: calvet@meteo.fr Phone: 33-61079341 FAX: 33-61079626 Address: CNRM Meteo-France 42 Avenue G Coriolis City: Toulouse 31057 State_or_Province: Cedex Country: France Last_name: Wright First_name: Ivan Middle_name: R. Address: Institute of Hydrology Crowmarsh Gifford City: Wallingford OX108BB Country: UK Technical_Contact Last_name: Fisch First_name: Gilberto Email: gfisch@aca.iae.cta.br Phone: 55 12 3474565 FAX: 55 12 3412522 Address: IAE/CTA/ACA Praca Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 5 Vila das Acacias City: Sao Jose dos Campos State_or_Province: Sao Paulo 12228-901 Country: Brazil Start_Date:1992-09-10 Stop_Date: 1994-08-25 Coverage Southernmost_latitude: 11S Northernmost_latitude: 10S Westernmost_longitude: 62W Easternmost_longitude: 61W Minimum_altitude:120m Maximum_altitude: 20m Location: South America Author Last_name: Fisch First_name: Gilberto Email: gfisch@aca.iae.cta.br Phone: 55 12 3474565 FAX: 55 12 3412522 Address: IAE/CTA/ACA Praca Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 5 Vila das Acacias City: Sao Jose dos Campos State_or_Province: Sao Paulo 12228-901 Country: Brazil Data_Center Data_Center_Name: CPTEC/INPE,CTA,UFAL,UFPA,IH-UK Data_Center_URL: http://www.cptec.inpe.br/lba/prelba/prelba.html Dataset_ID: RBLE Data_Center_Contact Last_name: Fisch First_name: Gilberto Email: gfisch@aca.iae.cta.br Phone: 55 12 3474565 FAX: 55 12 3412522 Address: IAE/CTA/ACA Praca Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 5 Vila das Acacias City: Sao Jose dos Campos State_or_Province: Sao Paulo 12228-901 Country: Brazil Constraints Access: Data may not be used for commercial applications. Use: Data may not be used for commercial applications. |
During ABRACOS, three ABL measurement campaigns were carried out. These campaigns were called the Rondonia Boundary Layer Experiment (RBLE) 1, 2 and 3 and were held at Ji-Parana where the scale of the forested and deforested areas is large enough for each surface type to develop its own atmospheric boundary layer (ABL).
The data collected in each of the three campaigns has been compiled and compressed into separate .zip files: RBLE1.zip, RBLE2.zip, and RBLE3.zip.
Descriptions of the campaigns, data file formats, and examples of data files are provided below.
RBLE1: First Mission of the RBLE Project, Reserva Jaru, near Ji-Parana, Rondonia
| These files are from the First Mission of the
RBLE Project, at the city of Ji-Parana/RO. This mission took place at the "Reserva" site, in forest area. The data was compiled for the period September 11-October 3 1992. Initially, 120 radiosonde launchings were scheduled but due to problem with the equipment, 2 were lost. The soundings with tethered balloon were used to follow the diurnal development of the moisture layer and depended on weather conditions, since the launchings were made in good weather and no rain. 70 launchings were actually made. 1) Files bcddmmhh.lim; the files were checked for consistency (elimination of unusual values and bugs); 2) Files "B(S or D)ddmmhhhh.COR These were implemented from the files (*.lim). In this case the vertical oscillations of the balloon were eliminated using some software. The ascending and descending were separated in two different files (s=ascending, d=descending). All these information are referred to tethered balloon. |
RBLE1: Reserva Jaru, near Ji-Parana, Rondonia, Example Data Records
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BC130917.LIM 173655
123. 993.7 23.55
22.70 17.37 297.23
0.8 31. BD130917.COR 175325 137
978.7 25.78 20.71 13.69
300.78 1.0 139 |
RBLE2: FARM (farm = fazenda)
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README for the FAZENDA data files Each file, with radiosonde data, shows the following structure: ddmmhh.aed, where hh is the time of launching, mm is the month, and dd is the date. The files with tethered balloon were organized in up (ascending) and dow (descending) with the following structure: bcddhh.up (des): bc is tethered balloon, dd date, and hh is the time of ascending. The format of the files *.aed is as follows: - 1o. column -> minutes - 2o. column -> seconds - 3o. column -> altitude from the station level (m) - 4o. column -> pressure (mb) - 5o. column -> dry bulb temperature (C) - 6o. column -> Humidity (%) - 7o. column -> wet bulb temperature (C) - 8o. column -> wind direction (degrees) - 9o. column -> wind speed (m/s) The format of the *.up and *.dow is as follows: - 1o. column -> hour - 2o. column -> height (m) - 3o. column -> pressure (mb) - 4o. column -> dry bulb temperature (C) - 5o. column -> wet bulb temperature (C) - 6o. column -> potential temperature (C) - 7o. column -> wind speed (m/s) - 8o. column -> wind direction (degrees) The radiosondes were launched with weather balloons of 350 gr, radiosonde Vaisala RS80-15 and equipment MARWIN MW-12. The soundings of tethered balloon were made with balloon type Zepellin and equipment ATMOSPHERIC DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM - ADAS. |
RBLE2: FARM, Example for FAZENDA
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170721.AED 0 0
220 983.0 29.9 63 22.1 180
2.0 BC1821.UP
214340
2. 982.2 28.16
21.96 302.86 0.3
138. 40050F
BC1821.DOW 220208
88888888 88888888 88888888 19.43 88888888 88888888
88888888 40050F
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RBLE2: FLORESTA (floresta = forest)
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README for the FLORESTA data files: These are files about the launching of radiosondes (arquivos *.aed) and tethered balloon (*.dow e *.up ). Each file, with radiosonde data follows this structure: dmmhh.aed, where hh is the launching time, mm is the month and dd the date. The tethered balloon data was grouped in sub (ascending) and des (descending) with the following structure: bcddhh.up (des), where bc is the tethered balloon, dd date, hh is the launching time. The format of the files *.aed is as follows: - 1o. column -> minutes - 2o. column -> seconds - 3o. column -> altitude from the station level (m) - 4o. column -> pressure (mb) - 5o. column -> dry bulb temperature (C) - 6o. column -> Humidity (%) - 7o. column -> wet bulb temperature (C) - 8o. column -> wind direction (degrees) - 9o. column -> wind speed (m/s) The format of the *.up and *.dow is as follows: - 1o. column -> hour - 2o. column -> height (m) - 3o. column -> pressure (mb) - 4o. column -> dry bulb temperature (C) - 5o. column -> wet bulb temperature (C) - 6o. column -> potential temperature (C) - 7o. column -> wind speed (m/s) - 8o. column -> wind direction (degrees) The radiosondes were launched with weather balloons of 350 gr, radiosonde Vaisala RS80-15 and equipment MARWIN MW-12. The soundings of tethered balloon were made with balloon type Zepellin and equipment ATMOSPHERIC DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM - ADAS. |
RBLE2: FLORESTA, Example for FLORESTA
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030700.AED 0 0
120 995.8 27.0 85 24.3 45
0.1 BC0415.UP
145633
0. 999.8 29.04
24.82 302.21 1.1
243. 40050D BC0415.DOW 153828
1231. 869.3 19.13
18.05 304.23 3.2
39. 40050E |
RBLE3: Fazenda (farm) Nossa Senhora de Aparecida
Documentation on data from RBL3 provided by Dr. Alistair Culf (Institute of Hydrology, UK): README for filenames: *.dat COLUMN 1= Date month, location: Fazenda Nossa Senhora de Aparecida COLUMN 2= year COLUMN 3= Local time COLUMN 4= (C) air temperature COLUMN 5= (C) variance of air temperature COLUMN 6= (G/KG) specific humidity COLUMN 7= (G/KG) variance of specific humidity COLUMN 8= (M/S) vertical velocity COLUMN 9= (M/S) variance of vertical velocity COLUMN 10=(M/S) wind speed COLUMN 11=(M/S) variance of wind speed COLUMN 12= (V/S) friction velocity COLUMN 13= (W/M2) - H - sensible heat flux COLUMN 14= (W/M2) - LE - latent heat flux COLUMN 15= (W/2) Net radiation (nor measured by HYDRA, data comes from the AWS) COLUMN 16= Recovery factor (discard RN since it was not measured) COLUMN 17= Atmospheric stability (Z/L) (L=Monin-Obhukov parameter) COLUMN 18= Ratio entre sigma/ W/sigma U* COLUMN 19= QV parameter (if QV4 or QV<-4, then WV are dubious) COLUMN 20= (S/M) Calculated atmospheric conductance COLUMN 21= status (correct data= 0000, wrong data=3333) VALORES -9999 indicates lack of data and values marked as -xxxx in fluxes indicate that they should be subtracted by -9000 (estimated following Monin-Obhukov theory) README for filenames: *.pvz Example Format: Started at 13 August 94 21:2 GMT1:2 Station : 313 Location : 10.10 S 61.90 W 120 120 m Sounding type : PTU Omega RS-number : 072649446 Sounding processor serial number: 644189er: Ground check : Ref RS Corr Corr Pressure : 1000.4 998.3 2.1 2.1 Temperature : 29.7 29.8 -0.1-0.1 Humidity : 0 -1 1 1 Clouds : ///// Special 1 : ///// Special 2 : ///// Telemetry noise level : 100 % P T U Accepted (%) : 99.6 99.8 99.499.4 Replaced (%) : 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 Rejected (%) : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Omega stations in wind calculations (%)tion Norway : 46.6 Liberia : 20.7 Hawaii : 100.0 North Dakota : 100.0 La Reunion : 87.1 Argentina : 100.0 Australia : 99.4 Japan : 0.0 Krasnodar : 0.0 Komsomolskamur : 0.0 Novosibirsk : 0.0 Reason for termination : Increasing pressure Time Pressure Height Temperature RH Speed Direction min s hPa gpm deg C % m/s deg. 0 0 1000.5 120 32.0 80 0.5 330 0 10 992.7 190 29.1 56 0.7 348 0 20 987.1 240 28.7 57 0.8 5 0 30 981.3 293 28.2 58 0.9 22 0 40 975.8 343 27.8 59 1.0 38 ... |
RBLE3: Fazenda (farm) Nossa Senhora de Aparecida, Example Data Records
FNSRBLE3.DAT H2-11AUG 94 11-12 20.8 0.54 11.1 1.90 0.16 0.62 5.2 0.36 0.48 128 76 -1-327.4 -0.06 1.3 -1.3 23 2100 H2-11AUG 94 12-13 21.2 0.75 11.0 0.63 0.18 0.66 5.2 0.36 0.50 216 152 -1-604.4 -0.10 1.3 -1.7 21 0000 H2-11AUG 94 13-14 21.8 0.74 10.9 0.52 0.19 0.71 5.5 0.35 0.58 238 155 -1-630.5 -0.09 1.2 -1.8 16 0000 H2-11AUG 94 14-15 21.6 0.42 11.0 0.77 0.17 0.53 5.1 -9999 0.39 73 70 -1-237.0 -0.04 1.4 -1.2 32 0000 H2-11AUG 94 15-16 21.2 0.33 11.2 0.46 0.14 0.53 4.5 0.27 0.39 65 78 -1-228.0 -0.05 1.4 -1.3 29 0000H2-11AUG 94 16-17 20.7 0.19 11.7 -9999 0.14 0.40 4.0 -9999 0.29 28 38 -1 -98.7 -0.03 1.4 -1.1 46 0000 H2-11AUG 94 17-18 19.7 -9999 12.0 -9999 0.09 0.30 3.1 0.12 0.22 3 19 -1 -63.4 -0.02 1.3 -0.8 61 0000 H2-11AUG 94 18-19 18.6 -9999 12.3 -9999 0.00 0.12 2.1 -9999 0.06 -4 5 -1 -13.1 0.01 2.1 -0.3 593 0000FO081321.PVZ Complete listing of Fine StructureFile: C:\RBLE3\94081321.02E Started at 13 August 94 21:2 GMT1:2 Station : 313 Location : 10.10 S 61.90 W 120 120 m Sounding type : PTU Omega RS-number : 072649446 Sounding processor serial number: 644189er: Ground check Ref RS Corr Corr
Pressure : 1000.4 998.3
2.1 2.1
Temperature : 29.7 29.8
-0.1-0.1
Humidity :
0 -1 1
1
P T
U
Accepted (%) : 99.6 99.8
99.499.4
Replaced (%) : 0.4 0.2
0.6 0.6
Rejected (%) : 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
Hawaii
: 100.0
North Dakota : 100.0
174514 117 987.40 28.12
22.92 15.81 302.36 1.20 98 |
Rondonia Boundary Layer Experiment: Background Information
The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the layer of air closest to the ground which is directly influenced on a daily basis by the heating and cooling of the earth's surface. The exact depth of the ABL varies according synoptic weather conditions and the time of day. During the daytime it is usually between 1 and 3 km; during the night it is much shallower. The ABL is important because it links the fluxes of heat and water vapor observed at the surface to the general circulation of the atmosphere. To model climate correctly, it is necessary for the ABL to be well understood and represented in the model. Because the air in the ABL is turbulent, small scale variations (about 1 km or less) in evaporation and heat flux at the surface are smoothed, with the temperature, humidity and depth of the ABL being uniform over the entire area. Larger scale variations (on the scale of 10 km or more) may lead to differences in ABL properties between the different surface types. Such differences may cause local atmospheric circulations to develop which may be important for the local climate of an area. During the Anglo-Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study (ABRACOS), three ABL measurement campaigns were carried out. These campaigns were called the Rondonia Boundary Layer Experiment (RBLE) 1, 2 and 3 and were held at Ji-Parana where the scale of the forested and deforested areas is large enough for each surface type to develop its own ABL. Refer to the related data set, Pre-LBA Anglo-Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study (ABRACOS) Data, for additional information.
The data collected in each of the campaigns and the data file formats are described in the Data Description section. The processed, quality controlled and integrated data in the documented Pre-LBA Data sets were originally published as a set of three CD-ROMs (Marengo and Victoria, 1998) but are now archived individually.
The RBLE campaigns were held during the dry season when the difference in evaporation between the two surfaces types, forest and pasture, is at its greatest. Measurements were made with both free-flying radiosondes which measure temperature, humidity, and wind up to about 12 km and with a tethered balloon which makes more detailed measurements in the lowest 1 km of the atmosphere. Measurements were made at both the forest and clearing sites. Profiles of potential temperature measured during RBLE2 show that the daytime ABL was deeper over the clearing than the forest. The data have been used to test several models of ABL development. The ABL over pastures or over clearings grows more rapidly than predicted by the models, possibly because of the increased turbulence generated by the strips of forest typical of this area. The data have also been used to initialize one-dimensional climate models used in experiments to investigate the sensitivity of climate to land surface parameters, and to initialize a mesoscale model which can predict local effects on climate caused by the pattern of deforestation in this area.
Culf, A.D.; Fisch, G.; Malhi, Y.; Nobre, C.A. The influence of the atmospheric boundary layer of carbon dioxide concentrations over a tropical forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,85 (1-2:149-187,1997).
Dolman, A.J.; Silva Dias, M.A.F.; Calvet, J.C.; Ashby, M.; Tahara, A.S.; Delire, C.; Kabat, P.; Fisch, G.; Nobre, C.A. Meso- scale effects of tropical deforestation in Amazonia: preparatory LBA modelling studies, Annales geophysicae, 17(8): 1095-1110.
Fisch, G.; Nobre, C.A. The atmospheric boundary layer in the Amazon region. Proceedings of the Special Symposium on Boundary Layer and Turbulence (77 Annual Meeting of AMS), Long Beach, 2-7/2/97, p. 72-75, 1997.
Rocha, H.R.; Nobre, C.A.; Bonatti, J.P.; Wright, I.R.; Sellers, P.J. A vegetation-atmosphere interaction study for Amazonia deforestation using field data and a "single column"model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 122(531): 567-594.
Academic Thesis and Dissertations:
da Silva, J.T.Estimativa regional de fluxos de calor sensivel e latente em areas de floresta e pastagem na Amazonia,111p.
Carmo, A.M.C. do. Estudo da Estrutura Termodinamica da Atmosfera sobre a Amazonia. Tese de Mestrado, INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brasil, 111 p, 1996.
Fisch, G. Camada Limite Amazonica: aspectos observacionais e de modelagem. Tese de Doutorado (INPE 6123 - TDI/584), INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brasil, 171p, 1996.
Souza, S. S., A Substituicao da Floresta Amazonica por Pastagem e sua Repercussao ao Nivel da Termodinamica da Camada Limite Atmosferica: Projeto RBLE. Tese de Mestrado, UFPB, Campina Grande, 103p, 1997.
Silva, M.A.V. Modelagem Estatistico-Dinamica de Media Zonal Incluindo Parametrizacao explicita da Vegetacao. Tese de Doutorado, INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brasil, 156 p, 1996.
Books
Fisch, G.; Culf, A.D.; Nobre, C.A. Modelling convective boundary layer growth in Rondonia. In: Gash, J.H.C.; Nobre, C.A.; Roberts, J.M. e Victoria, R.L. (eds). Amazonia deforestation and climate. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (UK), p. 425-435, 1996.
Nobre, C.A.; Fisch, G.; Rocha, H.R.; Lyra, R.F.F.; Rocha, E.J.P.; Costa, A.C.L. da; Ubarana, V.N. Observations of the atmospheric boundary layer in Rondonia. In: Gash, J.H.C.; Nobre, C.A.; Roberts, J.M. e Victoria, R.L. (eds.). Amazonia deforestation and climate. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (UK), p.425-435, 1996.
Silva Dias, M.A.F.; Regnier, P. Simulations of mesoscale circulations in a deforested area in Rondonia in the dry season. In: Gash, J.H.C.; Nobre, C.A.; Roberts, J.M.; Victoria, R.L., ed. Amazonia deforestation and climate. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (UK), p. 425-435, 1996.
This data is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) [http://daac.ornl.gov].
E-mail: uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952