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LBA-ECO CD-32 Flux Tower Network Data Compilation, Brazilian Amazon: 1999-2006, V2

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Documentation Revision Date: 2021-09-23

Dataset Version: 2

Summary

This dataset is a compilation of carbon and energy eddy covariance flux, meteorology, radiation, canopy temperature, humidity, CO2 profiles and soil moisture and temperature profile data that were collected at nine towers across the Brazilian Amazon. Independent investigators provided the data from a variety of flux tower projects over the period 1999 thru 2006. This is Version 2 of the tower data compilation, where the data have been harmonized across projects, additional quality control checks were performed, and have been aggregated to hourly, daily, 16-day, and monthly timesteps. This integrated dataset is intended to facilitate integrative studies and data-model synthesis from a common reference point.

This dataset includes and expands upon Version 1 of this compilation (Saleska et al., 2013). Version 2 contains the flux tower data and additional calculations of ecosystem respiration, gross ecosystem productivity, and canopy storage as published in Restrepo-Coupe et al., 2013.

There are 36 data files in tab-delimited (*.txt) format included in this dataset along with CD32_Fluxes_Brazil-Readme.pdf as a companion file. For each of the nine towers, there are four files where data have been aggregated to hourly, daily, 16-day, and monthly time steps.

Figure 1. Santarem km 77 eddy flux and micrometeorological measurement pasture site (Fitzjarrold and Sakai, 2010) and the Para Western (Santaram) - km 67, Primary Forest Tower. Source: Hutyra et al., 2008

Citation

Restrepo-Coupe, N., H.R. da Rocha, L.R. Hutyra, A.C. de Araujo, L.S. Borma, B. Christoffersen, O. Cabral, P.B. de Camargo, F.L. Cardoso, A.C.L. Costa, D.R. Fitzjarrald, M.L. Goulden, B. Kruijt, J.M.F. Maia, Y.S. Malhi, A.O. Manzi, S.D. Miller, A.D. Nobre, C. von Randow, L.D. Abreu Safaj, R.K. Sakai, J. Tota, S.C. Wofsy, F.B. Zanchi, and S.R. Saleska. 2021. LBA-ECO CD-32 Flux Tower Network Data Compilation, Brazilian Amazon: 1999-2006, V2. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1842

Table of Contents

  1. Dataset Overview
  2. Data Characteristics
  3. Application and Derivation
  4. Quality Assessment
  5. Data Acquisition, Materials, and Methods
  6. Data Access
  7. References
  8. Dataset Revisions

Dataset Overview

Project: LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon)

Activity: LBA-ECO

LBA Science Component: Carbon Dynamics

Team ID: CD-32 (Saleska / da Rocha / Artaxo / Nobre / Shimabukuro)

The investigators were Saleska, Scott R.; Rocha, Humberto Ribeiro da; Artaxo, Paulo Eduardo; Huete, Alfredo R.; Nobre, Antonio Donato; Parker, Geoffrey; Ratana, Piyachat; Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia; Shimabukuro, Monica Takako; Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir and Tannus, Rafael Nora. You may contact Saleska, Scott R. (saleska@email.arizona.edu) and Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia (ncoupe@email.arizona.edu).

LBA Data Set Inventory ID: CD32_Brazil_Flux_Network

This dataset is a compilation of carbon and energy eddy covariance flux, meteorology, radiation, canopy temperature, humidity, and CO2 profiles, and soil moisture and temperature profile data that were collected at nine towers across the Brazilian Amazon. Independent investigators provided the data from a variety of flux tower projects over the period 1999 thru 2006. The data have been harmonized across projects, additional quality control checks performed and aggregated to several time intervals. This dataset includes and expands upon Version 1 of this compilation (Saleska et al., 2013). Version 2 contains the flux tower data and additional calculations of ecosystem respiration, gross ecosystem productivity, and canopy storage as published in Restrepo-Coupe et al., 2013. This integrated dataset is intended to facilitate integrative studies and data-model synthesis from a common reference point.

Related Publication

Restrepo-Coupe, N., Rocha, H.R. da, Christoffersen, B., Araujo, A.C. da, Borma, L.S., Cabral, O.M.R., Camargo, P.B. de, Cardoso, F.L., Costa, A.C.L. da, Fitzjarrald, D.R., Goulden, M.L., Hutyra, L.R., Kruijt, B., Maia, J.M.F., Malhi, Y.S., Manzi, A.O., Miller, S.D., Nobre, A.D., Randow, C. von, Sá, L.D. da A., Sakai, R.K., Tota, J., Wofsy, S.C., Zanchi, F.B., Saleska, S.R. 2013. What drives the seasonality of productivity across the Amazon basin? A cross-site analysis of eddy flux tower measurements from the Brasil flux network. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.031

Related Datasets

Saleska, S.R., H.R. da Rocha, A.R. Huete, A.D. Nobre, P.E. Artaxo, and Y.E. Shimabukuro. 2013. LBA-ECO CD-32 Flux Tower Network Data Compilation, Brazilian Amazon: 1999-2006. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1174

  • This dataset is Version 1 and is superseded by the current Version 2 dataset. Version 1 was the source of the original and quality assured time-series data used as the basis for Version 2.

Data from LBA flux tower sites for similar time periods:

Data Characteristics

Spatial Coverage: Flux tower sites within the Brazilian Amazon

Spatial Resolution: Point tower site

Temporal Coverage:  1999-01-01 to 2006-12-31  (Coverage varies by tower. See Table 2.)

Temporal Resolution: Hourly, daily, 16-day, and monthly

Site Boundaries: Latitude and longitude are given in decimal degrees. World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84).

Site (Region) Tower Code (Data File) Westernmost Longitude Easternmost Longitude Northernmost Latitude Southernmost Latitude
Para Western (Santarem) - km 67 Primary Forest Tower K67 -54.959 -54.959 -2.857 -2.857
Para Western (Santarem) - km 77 Pasture Tower K77 -54.8885 -54.8885 -3.0202 -3.0202
Para Western (Santarem) - km 83 Logged Forest Tower K83 -54.9707 -54.9707 -3.017 -3.017
Amazonas (Manaus) - ZF2 km 34 K34 -60.2091 -60 -2.5 -2.609
Para Eastern (Belem) - FLONA Caxiuana CAX -51.4536 -51.4536 -1.7483 -1.7483
Rondonia - Fazenda Nossa Senhora FNS -62.3572 -62.3572 -10.7618 -10.7618
Rondonia - Jaru Biological Reserve Tower B RJA -61.9331 -61.9331 -10.078 -10.078
Tocantins - Ilha do Bananal BAN -50.1591111 -50.1591111 -9.824416667 -9.824416667
Sao Pablo - Reserva Pe-de-Gigante RPG -47.6498889 -47.6498889 -21.61947222 -21.61947222

Data File Information

There are 36 data files in tab-delimited (*.txt) format included in this dataset. That is four files at hourly, daily, 16-day, and monthly resolution for each of the nine tower sites. All files include the same 211 variables.

Tower Codes used in data file names are provided in the above table. Examples shown use the "BAN" tower.

Data File Details

1. Hourly Data

  • Data source: Original and quality assured time series data. These are the hourly base-files (_CfluxBF) for the other data products.
  • Data aggregation intervals: Data reported at 10:00 are from aggregating measurements between 10:00 and 11:00. Hour runs from 0 (zero) to 23.
  • Units: Precipitation (prec) units are mm hr-1. Other variable units are averaged over the aggregation interval.
  • Example file name: BAN_CfluxBF.txt

NOTE: There are no original time series hourly files for the K77, RON_RJA, and RON_FNS sites; however, there are quality control-hourly files for those sites.

2. Daily Data

  • Data source: Hourly data
  • Data aggregation intervals: Julian day (day)
  • Units: Precipitation (prec) units are mm hr-1 as average. Other variable units are averaged over the aggregation interval.
  • Example file name: BANday_CfluxBF.txt

3. 16-Day (similar to MODIS products):

  • Data source: Hourly data
  • Data aggregation intervals: 16-days
  • Units: Precipitation (prec) units are mm hr-1 as average. Other variable units are averaged over the aggregation interval.
  • Example file name: BANday16_CfluxBF.txt

4. Monthly Data

  • Data source: Daily data.
  • Data aggregation intervals: Month. Variable value set to missing if less than 7 days of data, except precipitation.
  • Units: Precipitation (prec) units are (mm day-1) as average. Other variable units are averaged over the aggregation interval.
  • Example file name: BANmonth_CfluxBF.txt

Table 1. Variables (211) in all data files. Missing values and values for bad data are represented as -9999. Value ranges included when provided by authors. Note that all values are in scientific notation. See example data record below.

# Variable Units Description Value Range V1 and V2 notes
1 dateloc NA      
2 Year_LBAMIP YYYY Year (YYYY) 1999-2006 LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
3 DoY_LBAMIP JD Julian day (DDD) 0-366 LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
4 Hour_LBAMIP HR Hour, UTC time  0-23 LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
5 Tair_LBAMIP degK Near surface air temperature   LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
6 Qair_LBAMIP kg kg-1 Near surface specific humidity   LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
7 Wind_LBAMIP m s-1 Near surface module of the wind   LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
8 Rainf_LBAMIP kg m-2 s-1 Rainfall rate. Average of the total rainfall over a time step and grid cell.   LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
9 PSurf_LBAMIP Pa Surface atmospheric pressure   LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
10 SWdown_LBAMIP W m-2 Surface incident shortwave radiation   LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
11 LWdown_LBAMIP W m-2 Surface incident longwave radiation   LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
12 CO2air_LBAMIP Logical Near surface CO2 concentration. The partial pressure of CO2 concentration at the atmospheric reference level (3D variable).   LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
13 GF_Tair_LBAMIP Logical Near surface air temperature   GF-LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
14 GF_Qair_LBAMIP Logical Near surface specific humidity   GF-LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
15 GF_Wind_LBAMIP Logical Near surface module of the wind   GF-LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
16 GF_Rainf_LBAMIP Logical Rainfall rate. Average of the total rainfall over a time step and grid cell.   GF-LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
17 GF_PSurf_LBAMIP Logical Surface atmospheric pressure   GF-LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
18 GF_SWdown_LBAMIP Logical Surface incident shortwave radiation   GF-LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
19 GF_LWdown_LBAMIP Logical Surface incident longwave radiation   GF-LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
20 GF_CO2air_LBAMIP Logical Near surface CO2 concentration. The partial pressure of CO2 concentration at the atmospheric reference level (3D variable).   GF-LBA-DMIP driver added to V2
21 ta oC (degree Celsius) AWS Air temperature 0-40 V1
22 taed oC (degree Celsius) Sonic temperature  0-40 V1
23 wd degrees Wind direction (Cup Anemometer)   V1
24 wded degrees Wind direction (Sonic Anemometer)   V1
25 pressed KPa  Pressure eddy system 90-110 V1
26 press KPa Pressure: Automatic Weather Station (AWS) 40-110 V1
27 rg W m-2 Global Incident Radiation  20-1200 V1
28 rr W m-2 Global Reflected Radiation 20-800 V1
29 par umol photons m-2 s-1 PAR Incident Radiation 0-2600 V1
30 rpar umol photons m-2 s-1  PAR Reflected Radiation 0-1300 V1
31 Rn W m-2 Net Radiation 100-1010 V1
32 FG W m-2 Soil Heat Flux 26-32 V1
33 wsed m s-1 Wind speed (Cup Anemometer) 0-19 V1
34 ws m s-1  Wind speed (Sonic Anemometer) 0-26 V1
35 H W m-2 Sensible heat flux corrected for air heat capacity that can change with humidity 100-600 V1
36 Hraw W m-2 Sensible heat flux (raw, without correction) 100-600 V1
37 LE W m-2  Latent heat flux corrected for air heat capacity that can change with humidity 100-1000 V1
38 Leraw W m-2 Latent heat flux (raw, without correction) 100-1000 V1
39 Fc umol CO2 m-2 s-1 CO2 turbulent flux at the top of the canopy, corrected for air heat capacity that can change with humidity 60-70 V1
40 Fcraw umol CO2 m-2 s-1 CO2 turbulent flux (raw, without correction) (60-70 umol CO2/m2/s) 60-70 V1
41 co2 ppm CO2 concentration IRGA 140-170 V1
42 sco2 umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Canopy storage flux of CO2 -130 V1
43 NEE umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 -140 V1
44 NEEf umol CO2 m-2 s-1  Filtered net ecosystem exchange -140 V1
45 mrs umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Soil respiration 0 V1
46 ust m s-1 Friction velocity (m/s) 0.00-2.00 V1
47 rh % Relative humidity 10-130 V1
48 prec mm Precipitation 0-80 V1
49 h2o mmol/mol  H2O concentration IRGA 2-80 V1
50 Fh2o mmols m-2 s-1 Rate of vertical transfer of H2O (mmol/m2/s) 15-20 V1
51 U m s-1  zonal wind (Cup Anemometer) 15-20 V1
52 Ued m s-1 Zonal wind  (Sonic Anemometer) 13-Oct V1
53 V m s-1 Meridional  wind (Cup Anemometer) 19-15 V1
54 Ved m s-1 Meridional wind (Sonic Anemometer) 30-Oct V1
55 ee KPa Vapor pressure 0-20 V1
56 ees KPa Saturation vapour pressure 0-13 V1
57 dpt oC (degree Celsius) Dew point temperature 30-6- V1
58 tsavg oC (degree Celsius) Avg Soil Temperature 5-40 V1
59 eqtemp oC (degree Celsius) Equivalent Temperature 0 V1
60 abshu g m-3  Absolute Humidity  0 V1
61 slopee KPa oC -1  Slope of Saturation Vapor Pressure 0 V1
62 radtop W m -2 Hourly Theoretical Radiation 0 V1
63 rgs W m -2 Short wave radiation in 0-1200 V1
64 rgsout W m -2 Short wave radiation in 0-200 V1
65 rgl W m -2 Long wave radiation in 0-600 V1
66 rglout W m -2 Long wave radiation out 0-600 V1
67 stdW m s-1 Standard deviation, vertical wind 0 V1
68 ang degrees Rotation Angle  0 V1
69 Tau Kg m-2 s-1 Rate of vertical tranference of momentum 0 V1
70 zl NA Atmospheric stability parameter 0 V1
71 tprof1 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile 10-50 V1
72 tprof2 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile   V1
73 tprof3 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile   V1
74 tprof4 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile   V1
75 tprof5 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile   V1
76 tprof6 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile   V1
77 tprof7 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile   V1
78 tprof8 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile   V1
79 tprof9 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile   V1
80 tprof10 oC (degree Celsius) Canopy temperature profile   V1
81 avgprofT oC (degree Celsius) Average Profile Temperature 10-50 V1
82 msoil1 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile 0-5 V1
83 msoil2 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile   V1
84 msoil3 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile   V1
85 msoil4 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile   V1
86 msoil5 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile   V1
87 msoil6 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile   V1
88 msoil7 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile   V1
89 msoil8 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile   V1
90 msoil9 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile   V1
91 msoil10 m3 m-3  Soil humidity profile   V1
92 totalteta m3 m-3 Total H20 in the soil 0-5 V1
93 pco2_1 ppm  CO2 concentration profile 200-600 V1
94 pco2_2 ppm  CO2 concentration profile   V1
95 pco2_3 ppm  CO2 concentration profile   V1
96 pco2_4 ppm  CO2 concentration profile   V1
97 pco2_5 ppm  CO2 concentration profile   V1
98 pco2_6 ppm  CO2 concentration profile   V1
99 pco2_7 ppm  CO2 concentration profile   V1
100 pco2_8 ppm  CO2 concentration profile   V1
101 pco2_9 ppm  CO2 concentration profile   V1
102 pco2_10 ppm  CO2 concentration profile   V1
103 avgsto ppm  Average Storage 200-600 V1
104 h2o_1 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile 10-85 V1
105 h2o_2 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile   V1
106 h2o_3 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile   V1
107 h2o_4 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile   V1
108 h2o_5 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile   V1
109 h2o_6 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile   V1
110 h2o_7 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile   V1
111 h2o_8 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile   V1
112 h2o_9 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile   V1
113 h2o_10 mmol/mol  H20 concentration profile   V1
114 avgprofW mmol/mol Average H20 profile 10-85 V1
115 Wind1 m s-1  Wind profile 0-25 V1
116 Wind2 m s-1  Wind profile   V1
117 Wind3 m s-1  Wind profile   V1
118 Wind4 m s-1  Wind profile   V1
119 Wind5 m s-1  Wind profile   V1
120 Wavg m s-1 Average wind profile 0-25 V1
121 tsoil1 oC (degree Celsius)  Soil temperature profile  5-40 V1
122 tsoil2 oC (degree Celsius) Soil temperature profile    V1
123 tsoil3 oC (degree Celsius) Soil temperature profile    V1
124 tsoil4 oC (degree Celsius) Soil temperature profile    V1
125 tsoil5 oC (degree Celsius) Soil temperature profile    V1
126 So W m-2 Top of the Atmosphere radiation   Added to V2
127 Re_5day umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc   Added to V2
128 Re_5day_ust umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc ustar corrected   Added to V2
129 Re_5day_sco2 umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE   Added to V2
130 Re_5day_sco2_ust umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE ustar corrected   Added to V2
131 Re_5day_ust_min umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc ustar lower bound corrected   Added to V2
132 Re_5day_ust_max umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc ustar upper bound corrected   Added to V2
133 Re_5day_sco2_ust_min umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE ustar lower bound corrected   Added to V2
134 Re_5day_sco2_ust_max umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE ustar upper bound corrected   Added to V2
135 Re_fourier_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration fourier: Re as in Richardson et al and Papale et al Fc   Added to V2
136 Re_fourier_ust_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration fourier: Re as in Richardson et al and Papale et al Fc ustar corrected   Added to V2
137 Re_fourier_sco2_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration fourier: Re as in Richardson et al and Papale et al NEE   Added to V2
138 Re_fourier_sco2_ust_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration fourier: Re as in Richardson et al and Papale et al NEE ustar corrected   Added to V2
139 Re_fourier_ust_min_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration fourier: Re as in Richardson et al and Papale et al Fc ustar lower bound corrected   Added to V2
140 Re_fourier_ust_max_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration fourier: Re as in Richardson et al and Papale et al Fc ustar upper bound corrected   Added to V2
141 Re_fourier_sco2_ust_min_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration fourier: Re as in Richardson et al and Papale et al NEE ustar lower bound corrected   Added to V2
142 Re_fourier_sco2_ust_max_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration fourier: Re as in Richardson et al and Papale et al NEE ustar upper bound corrected   Added to V2
143 NEE_night umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange nightime used for Re calculations    Added to V2
144 Fc_night umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Fc: CO2 flux nightime used for Re calculations    Added to V2
145 NEE_night_ust umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange nightime used for Re calculations ustar corrected   Added to V2
146 Fc_night_ust umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Fc: CO2 flux nightime used for Re calculations ustar corrected   Added to V2
147 Re_5day_ust_Sco2_LUT umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using the LUT method   Added to V2
148 Re_5day_ust_Sco2_IwataLIN umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Iwata linear method   Added to V2
149 Re_5day_ust_Sco2_IwataLN umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Iwata ln method   Added to V2
150 Re_5day_ust_Sco2_IwataPOL umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Iwata 2nd degree polynomial method   Added to V2
151 Re_5day_ust_Sco2_EC umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using CO2 from the EC system   Added to V2
152 Re_5day_ust_Sco2_DIEL umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using the Diel method   Added to V2
153 NEEnogap_5day_ust_Sco2_LUT umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using the LUT method   Added to V2
154 NEEnogap_5day_ust_Sco2_IwataLIN umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Iwata linear method   Added to V2
155 NEEnogap_5day_ust_Sco2_IwataLN umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Iwata ln method   Added to V2
156 NEEnogap_5day_ust_Sco2_IwataPOL umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Iwata 2nd degree polynomial method   Added to V2
157 NEEnogap_5day_ust_Sco2_EC umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using CO2 from the EC system   Added to V2
158 NEEnogap_5day_ust_Sco2_DIEL umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using the Diel method   Added to V2
159 GEP_5day_sco2_ust umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE ustar corrected   Added to V2
160 GEP_5day_sco2_ust_max umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE ustar lower bound corrected   Added to V2
161 GEP_5day_sco2_ust_min umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE ustar upper bound corrected   Added to V2
162 GEP_5day_ust umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc ustar corrected   Added to V2
163 GEP_5day_ust_max umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc ustar lower bound corrected   Added to V2
164 GEP_5day_ust_min umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc ustar upper bound corrected   Added to V2
165 GEP_5day_sco2 umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE   Added to V2
166 GEP_5day umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc ustar lower bound corrected   Added to V2
167 GEP_5day_sco2_ust_hyperbola umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE ustar corrected   Added to V2
168 GEP_5day_sco2_ust_hyperbola umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE ustar corrected   Added to V2
169 GEP_5day_ust_hyperbola umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc ustar corrected   Added to V2
170 GEP_5day_sco2_hyperbola umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE   Added to V2
171 GEP_5day_hyperbola umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) Fc   Added to V2
172 NEE_spike5_free umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange NEE spike free     Added to V2
173 NEEnogap_5day_sco2_ust umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange NEE filled ustar corrected    Added to V2
174 NEEnogap_5day_ust umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange assumed =Fc Fc filled ustar corrected    Added to V2
175 NEEnogap_5day_sco2 umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange     Added to V2
176 NEEnogap_5day umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange assumed =Fc     Added to V2
177 Sco2_LUT umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Sco2: storage flux LUT method    Added to V2
178 Sco2_IwataLIN umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Sco2: storage flux Iwata linear method    Added to V2
179 Sco2_IwataLN umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Sco2: storage flux Iwata ln method    Added to V2
180 Sco2_IwataPOL umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Sco2: storage flux Iwata 2nd degree polynomial method    Added to V2
181 Sco2_EC umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Sco2: storage flux CO2 from the EC system    Added to V2
182 Sco2_DIEL umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Sco2: storage flux Diel method    Added to V2
183 Fc_spike7_free umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Fc: CO2 flux spike free    Added to V2
184 Sco2 umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Sco2: storage flux     Added to V2
185 GEP_5day_ust_Sco2_LUT umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using the LUT method   Added to V2
186 GEP_5day_ust_Sco2_IwataLIN umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Iwata linear method   Added to V2
187 GEP_5day_ust_Sco2_IwataLN umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Iwata ln method   Added to V2
188 GEP_5day_ust_Sco2_IwataPOL umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Iwata 2nd degree polynomial method   Added to V2
189 GEP_5day_ust_Sco2_EC umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using CO2 from the EC system   Added to V2
190 GEP_5day_ust_Sco2_DIEL umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using the Diel method   Added to V2
191 GEP_5day_ust_Sco2_UST umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using the Ustar method   Added to V2
192 GEP_5day_ust_Sco2_REG umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity 5day model: 5 day night-time average (used) NEE=Fc+Sco2 filled using Regression method   Added to V2
193 GEP_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity Selected for analysis Sco2 filled, ustar corrected, Re based on the 5day model    Added to V2
194 GEPmodel_ust_max umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity Selected for analysis ustar corrected for lower bound    Added to V2
195 GEPmodel_ust_min umol CO2 m-2 s-1 GEP: gross ecosystem productivity Selected for analysis ustar corrected for upper bound    Added to V2
196 Re_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration Selected for analysis Sco2 filled, ustar corrected, Re based on the 5day model    Added to V2
197 Remodel_ust_max umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration Selected for analysis ustar corrected for lower bound    Added to V2
198 Remodel_ust_min umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Re: ecosystem respiration Selected for analysis ustar corrected for upper bound    Added to V2
199 Sco2_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Sco2: storage flux Selected for analysis    Added to V2
200 NEE_model_ust_max umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange Selected for analysis ustar corrected for upper bound    Added to V2
201 NEE_model_ust_min umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange Selected for analysis ustar corrected for lower bound    Added to V2
202 NEE_model umol CO2 m-2 s-1 NEE: net ecosystem exchange Selected for analysis Sco2 filled, ustar corrected    Added to V2
203 par_fill umol CO2 m-2 s-1 PAR: Photosynthetic Active Radiation filled    Added to V2
204 Pc umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Pc: photosyntetic capacity GEP (PAR>725 and PAR<925)    Added to V2
205 Pc_GEPfill umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Pc: photosyntetic capacity Selected for analysis GEP incl. Sco2 and ustar (PAR>725 and PAR<925)    Added to V2
206 Pc_AM umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Pc: photosyntetic capacity morning GEP (PAR>725 and PAR<925)    Added to V2
207 Pc_PM umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Pc: photosyntetic capacity afternoon GEP (PAR>725 and PAR<925)    Added to V2
208 Pc at med. VPD umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Pc: photosyntetic capacity at med VPD (1-2kPa)     Added to V2
209 Pc at low VPD umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Pc: photosyntetic capacity at low VPD (0-1kPa)     Added to V2
210 Pc at high VPD values umol CO2 m-2 s-1 Pc: photosyntetic capacity at high VPD (2-3kPa)     Added to V2
211 VPD kPa Vapor pressure deficit     Added to V2

Example Data Records:  BANmonth_CfluxBF.txt

This very short excerpt is included to show the tab delimited structure for the 211 all numeric variables – the first row is variable names, and the second row is units. Data start in row three and note that all values are in scientific notation.

dateloc    Year_LBAMIP    DoY_LBAMIP    Hour_LBAMIP    Tair_LBAMIP    Qair_LBAMIP    Wind_LBAMIP
…
NA    YYYY    JD    HR    degK    kg kg-1    m s-1
…
   7.3155100000000000e+05       2.0020000000000000e+03       3.3500000000000000e+02       0.0000000000000000e+00      
-9.9990000000000000e+03      -9.9990000000000000e+03      -9.9990000000000000e+03
…
   7.3258600000000000e+05       2.0050000000000000e+03       2.7400000000000000e+02       0.0000000000000000e+00       3.0059477504607167e+02       1.4361542797276887e-02       2.4486677385065501e+00
…

Application and Derivation

This data product is an assimilation of eddy flux data that was independently produced and generously provided by the PIs of a variety of tower projects in the Amazon of Brazil. This integrated dataset is intended to facilitate integrative studies and data-model synthesis from a common reference point.

Quality Assessment

Uncertainty analysis can be performed by comparing the results of different methods included in this dataset as published in Restrepo-Coupe et al., 2013.

Data Acquisition, Materials, and Methods

Study Areas

This dataset is an assimilation of eddy flux data that was independently produced and provided by the investigators of a variety of tower projects in the Amazon of Brazil. Data are provided from nine flux network towers for the period 1999 thru 2006.

tower locations

Figure 2. Location of Brazil flux network sites: Santarém forests (K67 and K83), Santarém converted site (K77), Manaus forest (K34), Caxiuanã forest (CAX), Reserva Jarú southern forest (RJA), Fazenda Nossa Senhora southern converted site (FNS), Javés River-Bananal Island (JAV) and savanna Pe-de Gigante (PDG).  Shown is average monthly (1998–2012) precipitation (mm month−1) in the Amazon region according to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). From Restrepo-Coupe et al., 2013.

 Tower site descriptions and codes used in Figure 2.

  • Reserva Cuieiras near Manaus (K34 forest tower) (MAN)
  • Tapajos National forest, near Santarem (K67 and K83 forest towers, and K77 pasture/agriculture tower)
  • Caxiuana National forest (CAX forest tower), near Belem
  • Reserva Jaru (RJA forest tower)
  • Fazenda Nossa Senhora (FNS pasture tower), near Ji-Parana
  • Tocantins-Javaes site (JAV seasonally flooded ecotone tower). Alternate code is BAN.
  • Reserva Pe-de-Gigante in Sao Paulo state (PDG savanna tower)

Table 2. Nine towers and corresponding study areas. Information for these sites may also be found at the AmeriFlux site (https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/).

Study Area_Tower Tower Code Description Fluxnet Site Name/Site Code Altitude (m) Measurement Height (m) Time Series
TOC_BAN BAN Tocantins State, Bananal seasonally flooded forest, mixture of cerrado, cerrado and campo (natural grassland) Ecotone Bananal Island/BR-Ban 120 40 24-Oct-03 to 8-Dec-06
MAN_K34 K34 Manaus, km 34 tropical forest site Manaus-ZF2 K34/BR-Ma2 130 50 14-Jun-99 to 30-Sep-06
STM_K67 K67 Santarem, km 67 tropical forest site Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest/BR-Sa1** 130 63 2-Jan-02 to 23-Jan-06
STM_K77 K77 Santarem, km 77 pasture-agriculture site Santarem-Km77-Pasture/BR-Sa2 130 18 1-Jan-00 to 30-Dec-05
STM_K83 K83 Santarem, km 83 selectively logged tropical forest Santarem-Km83-Logged Forest/BR-Sa3*** 130 64 29-Jun-00 to 12-Mar-04
RON_RJA RJA Rondonia State, Reserva Jaru, tropical dry forest Rond.- Rebio Jaru Ji Parana-Tower B/BR-Ji3 191 60 23-Mar-99 to 14-Nov-02
RON_FNS FNS Rondonia State, Fazenda Nossa Senhora, pasture Rond.- Faz. Nossa Senhora-Ji Parana-pasture/BR-Ji1 306 8.5 4-Feb-99 to 4-Nov-02
PA_CAX CAX Para State, Caxiuana tropical forest Caxiuana Forest-Almeirim/BR-Cax 130 51.5 1-Jan-99 to 30-Jul-03
SP_PDG PDG Sao Paulo State, Reserva Pe-de-Gigante (PDG) cerrado Sao Paulo Cerrado/BR-Sp1 690 21 1-Jan-04 to 31-Dec-06

** Site information and data are also available from AmeriFlux (https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/sites/siteinfo/BR-Sa1).
*** Site information and data are also available from AmeriFlux (https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/sites/siteinfo/BR-Sa3).

Data Processing

The data compilation provided in Version 2 follows data harmonization across projects, quality control checks, flux modeling, uncertainty analyses, and includes LBA MIP Project drivers and validation data aggregated to the various time intervals that were performed as described in detail in Restrepo-Coupe et al. (2013) and Restrepo-Coupe et al. (2017).

Data Access

These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

LBA-ECO CD-32 Flux Tower Network Data Compilation, Brazilian Amazon: 1999-2006, V2

Contact for Data Center Access Information:

References

Hutyra, L.R., S.C. Wofsy, and S.R. Saleska. 2007. LBA-ECO CD-10 CO2 and H2O Eddy Flux Data at km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/860

Restrepo-Coupe, N., Rocha, H.R. da, Christoffersen, B., Araujo, A.C. da, Borma, L.S., Cabral, O.M.R., Camargo, P.B. de, Cardoso, F.L., Costa, A.C.L. da, Fitzjarrald, D.R., Goulden, M.L., Hutyra, L.R., Kruijt, B., Maia, J.M.F., Malhi, Y.S., Manzi, A.O., Miller, S.D., Nobre, A.D., Randow, C. von, Sá, L.D. da A., Sakai, R.K., Tota, J., Wofsy, S.C., Zanchi, F.B., Saleska, S.R. 2013. What drives the seasonality of productivity across the Amazon basin? A cross-site analysis of eddy flux tower measurements from the Brasil flux network. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.031

Restrepo-Coupe, N., Levine, N. M., Christoffersen, B. O., Albert, L. P., Wu, J., Costa, M. H., Galbraith, D., Imbuzeiro, H., Martins, G., da Araujo, A. C., Malhi, Y. S., Zeng, X., Moorcroft, P., & Saleska, S. R. (2017). Do dynamic global vegetation models capture the seasonality of carbon fluxes in the Amazon basin? A data-model intercomparison. Global Change Biology, 23(1), 191-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13442

Saleska, S.R., H.R. da Rocha, A.R. Huete, A.D. Nobre, P.E. Artaxo, and Y.E. Shimabukuro. 2013. LBA-ECO CD-32 Flux Tower Network Data Compilation, Brazilian Amazon: 1999-2006. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1174

Related Publications

  • da Rocha, H.R., A.O. Manzi, O.M. Cabral, S.R. Saleska, S.D. Miller, M.L. Goulden, S.C. Wofsy, N. R.-Coupe, L.S. Borma, A.D. Nobre, G. Vourlitis, J.S. Nogueira, F.L. Cardoso, B. Kruijt, H. Freitas, C. von Randow, R.G. Aguiar, and J.F. Maia. 2009. Patterns of water and heat flux across a biome gradient from tropical forest to savanna in Brazil. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 114 (G00B12), doi:10.1029/2007JG000640.
  • Saleska, S.R., Rocha, H.R. da, Kruijt, B., Nobre, A.D., 2009. Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes and Amazonian Forest Metabolism, in: Amazonia and global change. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC.
  • Restrepo-Coupe, N., Christoffersen, B., Rocha, H.R. da, Araujo, A.C. da, Borma, L.S., Cabral, O.M.R., Camargo, P.B. de, Cardoso, F.L., Costa, A.C.L. da, Fitzjarrald, D.R., Goulden, M.L., Hutyra, L.R., Kruijt, B., Maia, J.M.F., Malhi, Y.S., Manzi, A.O., Miller, S.D., Nobre, A.D., Randow, C. von, Sá, L.D. da A., Sakai, R.K., Tota, J., Wofsy, S.C., Zanchi, F.B., Saleska, S.R., submitted. Gross Ecosystem Productivity Seasonality in the Tropics: Issues Posed by the Absence of Co2 Profile Measurements at Eddy-Flux Systems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.
  • Restrepo-Coupe, N., Rocha, H.R. da, Christoffersen, B., Araujo, A.C. da, Borma, L.S., Cabral, O.M.R., Camargo, P.B. de, Cardoso, F.L., Costa, A.C.L. da, Fitzjarrald, D.R., Goulden, M.L., Hutyra, L.R., Kruijt, B., Maia, J.M.F., Malhi, Y.S., Manzi, A.O., Miller, S.D., Nobre, A.D., Randow, C. von, Sá, L.D. da A., Sakai, R.K., Tota, J., Wofsy, S.C., Zanchi, F.B., Saleska, S.R., submitted. What drives the seasonality of productivity across the Amazon basin? A cross-site analysis of eddy flux tower measurements from the Brasil flux network. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.
  • Saleska, S.R., Didan, K., Huete, A.R., da Rocha, H.R., 2007. Amazon Forests Green-Up During 2005 Drought. Science 318, 612.

Dataset Revisions

Changes made to Version 1 implemented in Version 2

  • Added VPD and Pc (Photosynthetic Capacity) for different VPD conditions.
  • Missing values set to -9999.
  • C-flux products added: Gross Ecosystem Exchange, ecosystem respiration, filled Net Ecosystem Exchange, using different methods.
  • Canopy storage (Sco2) analysis added.
  • LBA-DMIP drivers added.
  • New variables added: Top of the Atmosphere radiation, filled PAR, among others
  • Change time vector from local time to UTM
  • Additional QAQC added:
    • Pe-de-Gigante atmospheric pressure corrected accordingly to near-by study site (mean adjusted) probably a problem with the calibration of the sensor
    • K67 PAR included even if filled (after 2005)
    • K83 PAR included even if a downward trend was observed (probably due to sensor degradation)