This data set provides fine litterfall mass and nutrient concentrations from samples collected at chronosequences established at Sao Francisco do Para and Capitao Poco, Para, Brazil. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were determined for litterfall samples from the Sao Francisco do Para, and N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations are reported for samples from the Capitao Poco. In addition, carbon (C), N, delta C13, and delta N15 values were determined for leaves from the dominant species of the forests at Sao Francisco do Para; soil physical and chemical characteristics were determined for a subset of the chronosequence plots at the two study sites; and soil trace gas fluxes were determined from the Sao Francisco do Para site.
All samples were collected between March 2001-February 2005. Trace gas fluxes were measured 10 times between October 2000 and June 2002 with 5 sample periods in dry season and 5 in wet season months. There are five comma-delimited data files with this data set.
Cite this data set as follows:
Davidson, E.A., C.J.R. de Carvalho, A.M. Figueira, F.Y. Ishida, J.P.H.B. Ometto, G.B. Nardoto, R.T. Saba, S.N. Hayashi, E.C. Leal, I.C.G. Vieira and L.A. Martinelli. 2012. LBA-ECO ND-30 Nutrient Analysis and Gas Fluxes, Forest Chronosequences, Para, Brazil. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1129
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This data set was archived in September of 2012. Users who download the data between September 2012 and August 2017 must comply with the LBA Data and Publication Policy.
Data users should use the Investigator contact information in this document to communicate with the data provider. Alternatively, the LBA website [http://lba.inpa.gov.br/lba/] in Brazil will have current contact information.
Data users should use the Data Set Citation and other applicable references provided in this document to acknowledge use of the data.
Project: LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon)
Activity: LBA-ECO
LBA Science Component: Nutrient Dynamics
Team ID: ND-30 (Davidson / Carvalho / Figueiredo / Vieira)
The investigators were Carvalho, Claudio Jose Reis de; Davidson, Eric A.; Figueiredo, Ricardo; Vieira, Ima ; Almeida, Arlete Araujo, Thereza Cristina; Asner, Gregory Paul; Costa, Fabiola Fernandes; Ishida, Francoise; Leal, Eliane Constantinov; Leao, Luciene Mota de; Leite, Tania de Sousa; Markewitz, Daniel ; Oliveira, Patricia Chaves de; Pacheco, Nilza Araujo; Rosa, Maria Beatriz Silva da; Sa, Tatiana Deane De Abreu; Saba, Renata Tuma; Schuler, Marysol A. E.; Silva, Marilia ; Silva, Patricio de Souza; Souza, Cleo Marcelo Araujo ; Stone, Thomas A. and Vasconcelos, Livia Gabrig Turbay Rangel. You may contact Davidson, Eric A (edavidson@whrc.org).
LBA Data Set Inventory ID: ND30_Litter_Para
This data set provides fine litterfall mass and nutrient concentrations from samples collected at chronosequences established at Sao Francisco do Para and Capitao Poco, Para, Brazil. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were determined for litterfall samples from the Sao Francisco do Para, and N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations are reported for samples from the Capitao Poco. In addition, carbon (C), N, delta C13, and delta N15 values were determined for leaves from the dominant species of the forests at Sao Francisco do Para; soil physical and chemical characteristics were determined for a subset of the chronosequence plots at the two study sites; and soil trace gas fluxes were determined from the Sao Francisco do Para site.
All samples were collected between March 2001-February 2005 . Trace gas fluxes were measured 10 times between October 2000 and June 2002 with 5 sample periods in dry season and 5 in wet season months.
Data are presented in five ASCII comma separated files:
File #1: Litterfall_Sao_Francisco_do_Para_2001-2002.csv
File #2: Litterfall_Capitao_Poco_2004_2005.csv
File #3: Foliar_CN_ and _isotopes_Sao_Francisco.csv
File #4: Soil_Physical_Characteristics.csv
File #5: Sao_Francisco_Trace_gas_flux.csv
File #1: Litterfall_Sao_Francisco_do_Para_2001-2002.csv
Collections were made from March 2001-April 2002.
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Year | YYYY | Year in which the samples were collected: 2001 or 2002 |
| 2 | Month | Month in which the samples were collected | |
| 3 | Forest Age | years | Forest age at the sampling site at the time of collection: mature refers to forest that was never converted to pasture. |
| 4 | Mean_dry_mass | kg/ha | Mean dry mass of fine litterfall collected; reported in kilograms per hectare. Monthly mean was derived from 6 samples in each month and the 6 samples are listed below the mean for each month; the mean is the first listed value for each month for each variable |
| 5 | SD_dry_mass | kg/ha | Standard deviation of the mean dry mass of fine litterfall collected; reported in kilograms per hectare. Monthly mean was derived from 6 samples in each month and the 6 samples are listed below the mean for each month; the mean is the first listed value for each month for each variable |
| 6 | Mean_N | g N/kg dry wt | Mean nitrogen concentration of fine litterfall collected; reported in grams of nitrogen per kilogram dry litter. Monthly mean was derived from 6 samples in each month and the 6 samples are listed below the mean for each month; the mean is the first listed value for each month for each variable |
| 7 | SD_N | g N/kg dry wt | Standard deviation of the mean nitrogen concentration of fine litterfall collected; reported in grams of nitrogen per kilogram dry litter. Monthly mean was derived from 6 samples in each month and the 6 samples are listed below the mean for each month; the mean is the first listed value for each month for each variable |
| 8 | Mean_P | g P/kg dry wt | Mean phosphorus concentration of fine litterfall collected; reported in grams of phosphorus per kilogram dry litter. Monthly mean was derived from 6 samples in each month and the 6 samples are listed below the mean for each month; the mean is the first listed value for each month for each variable |
| 9 | SD_P | g P/kg dry wt | Standard deviation of the mean phosphorus concentration of fine litterfall collected; reported in grams of phosphorus per kilogram dry litter. Monthly mean was derived from 6 samples in each month and the 6 samples are listed below the mean for each month; the mean is the first listed value for each month for each variable |
| missing data are represented by -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Year,Month,Forest Age,Mean_dry_mass,SD_dry_mass,Mean_N,SD_N,Mean_P,SD_P 2001,3,Mature,509,155,12.17,0.38,0.411,0.073 2001,3,3,197,134,8.33,0.50,0.665,0.287 2001,3,6,274,122,10.29,0.62,0.517,0.127 ... 2001,4,40,492,168,12.30,0.34,0.371,0.057 2001,4,70,685,319,11.93,0.36,0.400,0.379 2001,5,Mature,861,271,7.57,0.33,0.207,0.081 ... 2001,7,20,784,450,10.12,0.95,0.268,0.107 2001,7,40,802,289,9.78,0.21,0.228,0.027 2001,7,70,1058,430,11.34,0.63,0.216,0.042 |
File #2: Litterfall_Capitao_Poco_2004_2005.csv
Collections were made from February 2004-January 2005.
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Month | Month of the year in which the sample was collected | |
| 2 | Year | Year in which the sample was collected: 2004 or 2005 | |
| 3 | Forest_age | years | Forest age at the time of collection reported in years: Mature indicates forests that were never converted to pasture |
| 4 | Collector | Identification of sample collector | |
| 5 | Dry_mass | Mg ha-1 | Total dry mass of litter collected reported in megagrams per hectare |
| 6 | N | g N/kg litter | Nitrogen concentration of the litterfall collected reported in grams of nitrogen per kilogram of litter |
| 7 | P | g P/kg litter | Phosphorus concentration of the litterfall collected reported in grams of phosphorus per kilogram of litter |
| 8 | K | g K/kg litter | Potassium concentration of the litterfall collected reported in grams of potassium per kilogram of litter |
| 9 | Ca | g kg-1 | Calcium concentration of the litterfall collected reported in grams of calcium per kilogram of litter |
| 10 | Mg | g Mg/kg litter | Magnesium concentration of the litterfall collected reported in grams of magnesium per kilogram of litter |
Example data records:
|
Month,Year,Forest_age,Collector,Dry_mass ,N,P,K,Ca,Mg 2,2004,6,1,0.438,11.383,0.360,0.375,3.457,1.889 2,2004,6,2,0.356,11.959,0.199,0.225,3.036,1.729 2,2004,6,3,0.183,8.218,0.377,0.200,3.152,1.207 ... 2,2004,10,4,0.376,10.558,0.343,0.200,2.901,1.119 2,2004,10,5,0.469,11.181,0.276,0.199,2.696,1.313 2,2004,10,6,0.449,9.789,0.232,0.300,3.864,1.078 ... 2,2004,20,4,0.271,9.486,0.205,0.325,3.297,0.934 2,2004,20,5,0.166,11.247,0.348,0.578,3.288,1.258 2,2004,20,6,0.271,13.417,0.448,0.631,3.107,0.801 |
File #3: Foliar_CN_ and _isotopes_Sao_Francisco.csv
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Family | Identification of the tree sampled to scientific family | |
| 2 | Species | Identification of the tree sampled to scientific name in the format Genus species | |
| 3 | Forest_age | years | Age of the forest at the time of sampling |
| 4 | delta_13C | per mil | Isotopic ratio of 13C/12C in leaf tissue referenced to PDB |
| 5 | Foliar_C_conc | percent | Foliar carbon concentration reported in percent by weight |
| 6 | delta_15N | per mil | Isotopic ratio of 15N/14N in leaf tissue referenced to atmospheric N |
| 7 | Foliar_N_conc | percent | Foliar nitrogen concentration reported in percent by weight |
Example data records:
|
Family,Species,Forest_age,delta_13C,Foliar_C_conc,delta_15N,Foliar_N_conc Annonaceae,Guatteria poeppigiana ,6,-33.63,45.97,-1.62,1.64 Annonaceae,Rollinia exsucca ,6,-30.61,46.41,-2.34,1.66 Annonaceae,Rollinia exsucca ,6,-29.38,45.06,-4.02,1.62 ... Fabaceae,Dipteryx odorata ,6,-29.87,49.24,2.07,2.23 Fabaceae,Dipteryx odorata ,6,-28.93,49.34,0.00,2.25 Fabaceae,Dipteryx odorata ,6,-28.08,49.55,2.58,2.46 ... Mimosaceae,Abarema jupunba var. jupunba ,6,-28.09,49.04,0.70,2.16 Mimosaceae,Abarema jupunba var. jupunba ,6,-31.47,47.99,-0.21,2.13 Mimosaceae,Inga flageliformis ,6,-29.53,48.82,0.21,2.00 |
File #4: Soil_Physical_Characteristics.csv
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Site | & | Chronosequence location |
| 2 | Forest_age | years | Age of forest at the time of sampling |
| 3 | Bulk_density | g/cm-3 | Mean bulk density for the top 10 cm of soil reported in grams per cubic centimeter |
| 4 | SE_BD | g/ cm-3 | Standard error of the mean bulk density for the top 10 cm of soil reported in grams per cubic centimeter |
| 5 | Clay | g/kg | Mean concentration of soil particles in the clay texture class reported in grams per kilogram |
| 6 | SE_Clay | g/kg | Standard error of the mean concentration of soil particles in the clay texture class reported in grams per kilogram |
| 7 | Sand | g/kg | Mean concentration of soil particles in the sand texture class reported in grams per kilogram |
| 88 | SE_Sand | g/kg | Standard error of the mean concentration of sand particles in the clay texture class reported in grams per kilogram |
| 9 | pH_H2O | Mean pH of the soil ( 0-10 cm depth) measured in a 1: 2.5 slurry with water | |
| 110 | SE_pH | Standard error of the mean pH of the soil ( 0-10 cm depth) measured in a 1: 2.5 slurry with water | |
| 11 | C | g C/kg | Mean soil carbon concentration reported in grams of carbon per kilogram of soil |
| 12 | SE_C | g C/kg | Standard error of the mean soil carbon concentration reported in grams of carbon per kilogram of soil |
| 13 | N | g N/kg | Mean soil nitrogen concentration reported in grams of nitrogen per kilogram of soil |
| 14 | SE_N | g N/kg | Standard error of the mean soil nitrogen concentration reported in grams of nitrogen per kilogram of soil |
| 115 | P_Melich | mg P/kg | Mean plant available soil phosphorus concentration based on a a elich I dilute double acid extraction |
| 116 | SE_P_Mel | mg P/kg | Standard error of the mean plant available soil phosphorus concentration based on a a elich I dilute double acid extraction |
| 117 | P_total | mg P/kg | Mean total soil phosphorus concentration based on a sulfuric acid/ hydrogen peroxide digestion, |
| 118 | SE_P_tot | mg P/kg | Standard error of the mean total soil phosphorus concentration based on a sulfuric acid/ hydrogen peroxide digestion |
| missing data are represented by -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
SSite,Forest_age,Bulk_density,SE_BD,Clay,SE_Clay,Sand,SE_Sand,pH_H2O,SE_pH, C,SE_C,N,SE_N,P_Melich,SE_P_Mel,P_total,SE_P_tot Sao Francisco do Para,3,1.35,0.03,65,17,898,27,5.3,0.2, 10.5,0.4,0.74,0.03,1.2, 0.2,33,3 Sao Francisco do Para,6,1.37,0.03,85,17,785,28,5.1,0.2, 11.9,0.6,0.7,0.1,2, 0.3,47,8 Sao Francisco do Para,10,1.3,0.04,60,18,873,31,5.3,0.2, 9.5,0.5,0.73,0.05,1.3, 0.1,32,3 ... Sao Francisco do Para,Mature,1.25,0.03,100,0,755,25,4.4,0.4, 14.7,1.4,1.11,0.04, 2,0.1,62,2 Capitao Poco,3,-9999,-9999,149,10,799,20,5.4,0.1, 13.5,1.4,0.85,0.15,4.2,0.7,87,2 Capitao Poco,10,-9999,-9999,100,13,819,12,5.1,0.1, 11.6,0.1,0.8,0,6.5,1.5,67,6 |
File #5: Sao_Francisco_Trace_gas_flux.csv
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Year | YYYY | Year in which samples were measured |
| 2 | Month | Month in which samples were collected | |
| 3 | Season | Season in which samples were collected either wet or dry | |
| 4 | Class | Forest Class: sites were classifed as young; intermediate; advanced or mature based on the age of the forest. Samples were also measured in a pepper plantation identified here | |
| 5 | Age | years | Forest age in years at the time of sampling ; age recorded only for the regrowth forests |
| 6 | Site | For each age there were two sites identified here as a and b | |
| 7 | Plot | Plot identifiication within the site | |
| 8 | Chamber | Chamber identification | |
| 9 | Flux_N2O | ng N/cm2/h | Flux of nitrous oxide reported in nanograms of nitrogen per centimeter squared per hour (ng N/cm2/h) |
| 10 | Flux_CH4 | mg CH4/m2/d | Flux of methane reported in milligrams of methane per meter squared per day (mg CH4/m2/d) |
| 11 | Flux_CO2 | g C/m2/h | Flux of carbon dioxide reported in grams of carbon per meter squared per hour ( g C/m2/h) |
| 12 | Flux_NO | ng N/cm2/h | Flux of nitric oxide reported in nanograms of nitrogen per centimeter squared per hour (ng N/cm2/h) |
| missing data are represented by -9999 | |||
Example data records:
|
Year,Month,Season,Class,Age,Site,Plot,Chamber,Flux_N2O,Flux_CH4,Flux_CO2,Flux_NO 2000,Oct,Dry,Young,3,a,1,1,-0.61,-1.4,0.1,0.24 2000,Oct,Dry,Young,3,a,1,2,-0.59,-1.87,0.08,0.19 2000,Oct,Dry,Young,3,a,1,3,-0.4,-1.98,0.11,0.24 ... 2000,Oct,Dry,Young,3,a,2,1,-0.39,-1.11,0.07,0.17 ... 2000,Oct,Dry,Intermediate,20,a,1,3,0.09,-0.99,0.09,0.09 2000,Oct,Dry,Intermediate,20,a,2,1,-0.21,-1.26,0.09,0.03 2000,Oct,Dry,Intermediate,20,a,2,2,-0.08,-2.18,0.06,0.06 |
Site boundaries: (All latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees)
| Site (Region) | Westernmost Longitude | Easternmost Longitude | Northernmost Latitude | Southernmost Latitude | Geodetic Datum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Para Eastern (Belem) - Sao Francisco do Para (Para Eastern (Belem)) | -47.78333 | -47.78333 | -1.26667 | -15.93280 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
| Brasilia - Reserva Ecologica do Roncador IBGE (Brasilia) | -47.36667 | -47.36667 | -2.2 | -2.2 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Time period:
Platform/Sensor/Parameters measured include:
These data were used to examine patterns in N cycling over the course of secondary succession and their implications for nutrient limitation of successional forests in the tropics.
Lab analyses were all done according to standard protocols with calibration curves and standards included in every run.
Site description:
Two forest-age chronosequences, including stands ranging in age from 3 to 70 yr and remnant mature forests, were established in the Brazilian state of Para, in eastern Amazonia, southeast of the city of Belem. A set of seven indicators of N-cycling rates was obtained for the chronosequence in our main study site in the municipality of Sao Francisco do Para. To provide replication, a second chronosequence was established in the municipality of Capitao Poco.
Mean annual precipitation is 2,200 mm for Sao Francisco do Para and Capitao Poco. The dominant soils are Typic Hapludults. Human settlement in this region expanded during the era of rubber extraction in the late nineteenth century. Government programs for distributing rural lands for agricultural development, mostly by small landholders, increased forest clearing in the mid-twentieth century. Many farms have now undergone nine or more cycles of slash-and-burn agriculture.
Sample Collections:
Collections (0.25 m2 per collection) of fine litterfall were made monthly for a year in each plot at both chronosequences.
Fresh foliar samples were collected in the 6-, 20- and 40-yr-old successional forests and the mature forest plots.
At Sao Francisco do Para, fully expanded leaves were collected for the dominant species at each site, according to the species importance values indices.
Soil emissions of N2O were measured at Sao Francisco do Para using syringe sampling of static chambers and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (Verchot et al 1999). Three chamber fluxes were measured per date in each of the twenty-six plots at Sao Francisco do Para, with five dates in each of the dry and wet seasons.
Analytical Methods:
Finely ground litter and foliar samples were analyzed for C and N concentrations using a Carlo-Erba CHN analyser, for C and N stable isotope ratios using a Delta Plus ThermoQuest-Finnigan mass spectrometer, and for P by acid digestion followed by colorimetric spectrophotometry.
Foliar C, N and isotope anlayses were done at CENA in Piracicaba using their standard methods (for more details see Ometto et al. 2006).
Soil nutrient analyses and foliar analyses other than C, N and stable isotopes were all done at EMBRAPA Belem using their standard protocols (Silva 1999).
This data is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
Contact for Data Center Access Information:
E-mail: uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952
Ometto, J.P.H.B., Ehleringer, J.R., Domingues, T.F., Berry, J.A., Ishida, F.Y., Mazzi, E., Higuchi, N., Flanagan, L.B., Nardoto, G.B., and Martinelli, L.A. 2006. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of vegetation in tropical forests of the Amazon Basin, Brazil, Biogeochemistry, 79, 251-274.
Silva, F.C. d. 1999. Manual de analises quimicas de solos,plantas e fertilizantes.
EMBRAPA Communicacao para Transferencia de Technologia. Brasilia, Brasil. Vieira, I.C.G. et al. 2003. Classifying successional forests using Landsat spectral properties and ecological characteristics in eastern Amazonia. Remote Sens. Environ. 87, 470-481.
Verchot, L.V. et al. 1999. Land use change and biogeochemical controls of nitrogen oxide emissions from soils in eastern Amazonia. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 13,31-46.
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