This data set reports the results of soil nitric oxide (NO) flux, soil moisture, and soil nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) concentration measurements on Cerrado soils receiving nitrogen fertilization. Measurements and samples were collected from control and fertilized experimental plots on Cerrado soils within the Ecological Reserve of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistic (IBGE), Brasilia, Brazil. Sampling dates were from March 26, 2004 to November 25, 2004.
The soils had received nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization treatments which began in 1998. The objective of this project was to determine the long-term effects of nutrient addition (N and N+P) in native Cerrado area on N oxide fluxes from soil to the atmosphere. There is one comma delimited (.csv) ASCII file with this data set.
Cite this data set as follows:
Kozovits, A.R., L.T. Viana, D.M. Sousa, A.S. Pinto, M.M.C. Bustamante, and R.G. Zepp. 2012. LBA-ECO ND-07 Nitric Oxide Flux from Cerrado Soils, Brasilia, Brazil: 2004 . Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1124
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Project: LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon)
Activity: LBA-ECO
LBA Science Component: Nutrient Dynamics
Team ID: ND-07 (Zepp / Bustamante)
The investigators were Zepp, Richard G.; Bustamante, Mercedes M.C.; Burke, Roger A.; Kozovits, Alessandra Rodrigues; Viana, Laura Tillman; Pinto, Alexandre de Siqueira and Sousa, Diana M.. You may contact Bustamante, Dr. Mercedes (mercedesmcb@gmail.com); Zepp, Dr. Richard G. (zepp.richard@epa.gov) and Kozovits, Dr. Alessandra R. (kozovits@iceb.ufop.br)
LBA Data Set Inventory ID: ND07_NO_Flux_Cerrado
This data set reports the results of soil nitric oxide (NO) flux, soil moisture, and soil nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) concentration measurements on Cerrado soils receiving nitrogen fertilization. Measurements and samples were collected from control and fertilized experimental plots on Cerrado soils within the Ecological Reserve of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistic (IBGE), Brasilia, Brazil. Sampling dates were from March 26, 2004 to November 25, 2004.
The soils had received nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization treatments which began in 1998. The objective of this project was to determine the long-term effects of nutrient addition (N and N+P) in native Cerrado area on N oxide fluxes from soil to the atmosphere.
Related Data sets
Data are presented in one comma-delimited ASCII file: IGBE_NO_data_2004.csv
| Column | Heading | Units/format | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Treatment | Control, N, or NP | Experimental treatment: Control had no fertilization; N addition was at the rate of 100 kg N ha-1 year-1; NP addition was at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 year-1 for both N and P |
| 2 | Date | yyyymmdd | Sampling date (yyyymmdd) |
| 3 | NO_flux_mean | ng N-NO cm-2 h-1 | Mean measured flux of nitric oxide from the soil surface (ng N-NO cm-2 h-1); positive values indicate a flux from the soil to the atmosphere |
| 4 | NO_flux_std_err | ng N-NO cm-2 h-1 | Standard error of the flux of nitric oxide from the soil surface |
| 5 | Soil_moisture_mean | % | Mean soil moisture reported in percent |
| 6 | Soil_moisture_std_err | % | Standard error of soil moisture reported in percent |
| 7 | Soil_NO3_mean | mg N/kg | Mean soil NO3 reported in milligrams of nitrogen in the form of nitrate per kilogram of soil (mg N/kg). Nitrate was extracted from the soil using a 2M KCl solution |
| 8 | Soil_NO3_std_err | mg N/kg | Standard error of the soil NO3 concentration reported in milligrams of nitrogen in the form of nitrate per kilogram of soil |
| 9 | Soil_NH4_mean | mg N/kg | Mean soil NH4 reported in milligrams of nitrogen in the form of ammonium per kilogram of soil (mg N/kg). Ammonium was extracted from the soil using a 2M KCl solution |
| 10 | Soil_NH4_std_err | mg N/kg | Standard error of the soil NH4 concentration reported in milligrams of nitrogen in the form of ammonium per kilogram of soil |
| Missing data values are represented as -9999 | |||
| Soil concentrations below the detection limit are represented as 0 (zero) | |||
Example data records:
|
Treatment,Date,NO_flux_mean,NO_flux_std_err,Soil_moisture_mean,Soil_moisture_std_err,Soil_NO3_mean, Soil_NO3_std_err,Soil_NH4_mean,Soil_NH4_std_err Control,3/22/2004,-9999,-9999,33.46,1.04,-9999, -9999,-9999,-9999 Control,3/26/2004,6.19,3.73,43.47,0.87,-9999, -9999,-9999,-9999 Control,4/2/2004,0.11,0.04,35.62,1.54,-9999, -9999,34.44,2.41 Control,4/13/2004,1.52,1.09,41.67,0.25,-9999, -9999,40.63,3.64 Control,5/19/2004,2.73,1.58,21.26,2.31,0.08, 0.02,35.83,0.65 Control,6/24/2004,0.85,0.16,26.37,2.15,4.38, 0.44,38.92,12.41 ... N addition,10/7/2004,16.57,5.13,27.46,1.81,17.4, 5.12,155.84,29.73 N addition,10/28/2004,8.78,3.3,38.96,1.24,14.51, 7.22,121.9,22.51 N addition,11/25/2004,2.62,0.76,31.72,2.68,0.57, 0.79,64.49,3.77 NP addition,3/22/2004,0.51,0.26,41.16,2.4,0.05, 0.02,34.53,2.34 NP addition,3/26/2004,4.43,2.65,47.29,3.72,0.04, 0.02,415.01,145.36 NP addition,4/2/2004,3.93,1.32,45.19,3.52,0.02, 0.01,229.4,66.04 |
Site boundaries: (All latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees)
| Site (Region) | Westernmost Longitude | Easternmost Longitude | Northernmost Latitude | Southernmost Latitude | Geodetic Datum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brasilia - Reserva Ecologica do Roncador IBGE (Brasilia) | -47.85060 | -47.85060 | -15.93280 | -15.93280 | World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS-84) |
Time period:
Platform/Sensor/Parameters measured include:
Trace gas fluxes from undisturbed tropical forests are important components of the global nitrogen budget. These measurements of soil-atmosphere gas exchange of NO reveal important seasonal variations in flux and provide insight to the effects of soil nutrient status on NO fluxes in this ecosystem.
For NO measurements, frequent standardization in the field was necessary. The LMA-3 is relatively unstable under the changing temperature, humidity, and background contaminant levels found in the field. Calibration curves were done twice (before and after measurements) a day to assure data quality.
Site description
This study was carried out in an area located in the Roncador Ecological Reserve belonging to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (RECOR / IBGE), near Brasilia's Federal District, Brazil. Soils of the study area are classified as Oxisols (Haplustox), characterized as acidic, with high Aluminum levels and low cation exchange capacity (Haridasan, 1994). Total precipitation was 1,667 mm in 2006 and 1,183.7 mm in 2007. Air temperature ranged from 10.1 to 31.9 degrees C during the study period. The vegetation is classified as cerrado sensu stricto, which is characterized by a continuous grassy layer and a woody layer of trees and shrubs varying in cover from 20 to 60%: this is the most common vegetation found in the Cerrado region (Eiten, 1972).
The Cerrado biome covers 2 million km2. It is a species rich wet tropical savanna classified as a hotspot because of its large number of endemic species and the rapid loss of habitats. The fragmentation of Cerrado areas and the rapid conversion into agroecosystems may lead to higher nutrient inputs in adjacent native areas.
Fertilization treatments
The fertilization experiment began in 1998 and the experimental design was completely randomized, with four nutrient addition treatments and four replicates randomly divided into 16 plots of 225 m2, separated by a 10 m buffer area. The treatments were: control (C; without fertilization), +N (single addition of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2 SO4), +P (single addition of 20% superphosphate - Ca (H2PO4)2 + CaSO4. 2H2O) and +NP (simultaneous addition of Ammonium sulfate / 20% superphosphate) applied in the litter layer without incorporation. Between 1998 and 2006, 100 kg ha-1 of N, P and N plus P was added, applied twice a year (at beginning and end of rainy the season). The study area burned accidentally twice, in 1994 (before the beginning of the treatments) and in 2005. After the accidental fire in 2005, the plots were re-installed in the same locations.
Soil sampling and analysis
In October 2007, composite soil samples were collected and consisted of two samples in each plot, at five depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30 - 40; 40-50 cm). Analyses were performed to determine pH in water and CaCl2 (0.01 M), total N (Microkjeldahl method), P (extraction with Mehlich 1 and colorimetric determination) and Al (extraction with 1M KCl and titulation with NaOH) (EMBRAPA, 1999).
NO flux and ancillary data
Soil surface fluxes of NO were measured using dynamic chamber technique and a Scintrex LMA-3 as described by Pinto et al. (2002). Two PVC rings per plot (314.2 cm2), totaling six rings per treatment, were installed at least 30 minutes before the beginning of flux measurements. NO concentration was recorded over a period of 5 minutes in each chamber. Fluxes were calculated from the rate of increase of NO concentration using the linear portion of the accumulation curve. Calibration curves were done twice (before and after measurements) a day.
Flux measurements occurred almost monthly, except for measurements in April 2004, when fluxes were measured some hours before fertilization (April 22), and three and ten days after it. Chamber and soil (2.5 and 5.0 cm 166 depth) temperatures were measured during flux measurements.
Soil sampling and analysis
Soil samples from 0-5 cm were collected within the chambers every sampling day for gravimetric water content, NO3- and NH4+ determination. Soil samples were extracted with 1 mol/L KCl for 1 hour. NH4+ was determined through reaction with Nessler reagent and NO3- was determined by UV-absorption according to the method proposed by Meier (1991).
This data is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
Contact for Data Center Access Information:
E-mail: uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952
Eiten, G., 1972. The cerrado vegetation of Brazil. Botanical Review 38, 201-341.
EMBRAPA, 1999. Manual de analises quamicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes, first ed.Embrapa, Brazil.
Haridasan, M., 1994. Solos do Distrito Federal, in: Novaes-Pinto, M. (Ed.), Cerrado: Caracterizacao, ocupacao e perspectivas O caso do Distrito Federal. Editora da Universidade de Brasilia/SEMATEC, Brasilia, pp. 321-344.
Meier, M., 1991. Nitratbestimmung in Boden-Proben (N-min-Methode). Labor Praxis, 244-247.
Pinto, A.S., Bustamante, M.M.C., Kisselle, K., Burke, R., Zepp, R., Viana, L.T., Varella, R.F., Molina, M., 2002. Soil emissions of N2O, NO, and CO2 in Brazilian Savannas: Effects of vegetation type, seasonality, and prescribed fires. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, 571-579.