This data set contains the originally-submitted observation measurement data, terrestrial biosphere model output data, and inverse model simulations that various investigator teams contributed to the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Regional Synthesis activities.
The data set provides nine (9) data packages of remote sensing and ground observation measurements (OM) (MODIS gross primary productivity (GPP), MODIS net primary production (NPP), MODIS fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPar), MODIS leaf area index (LAI), MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI), MODIS normalize difference vegetation index (NDVI), Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) forest biomass, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) crop NPP, and Flux Anomaly). The data set also provides data packages of simulation results from 19 terrestrial biosphere models (TBM) and eight (8) inverse models (IM). The data packages are respectively OM, TBM, and IM data files listed in Tables 4-6.
Each OM, TBM, and IM data package contains all of the original data (and documentation, if any) that the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) acquired or received. These originally-submitted data were processed by the MAST-DC to produce the three standardized gridded data sets of carbon flux for inter-comparison purposes (see Related Data Products below). These original data and documentation are provided to allow users of the standardized gridded data products to be able to trace back to the data origins when needed.
The Data Center (ORNL DAAC) transformed some of the originally-submitted data files to file formats that are more suitable for long-term archiving. For example, *.xlsx files were saved as *.csv, ERDAS Imagine files were converted to GeoTIFFs, and MATLAB files were converted to GeoTIFF and NetCDF formats as appropriate. Files received in NetCDF, GeoTIFF, and HDF formats were not transformed.
Detailed descriptions of observation measurement data and terrestrial biosphere and inverse models used in this study can be found in a separate companion document: NACP Regional Synthesis - Description of Observations and Models.
MAST-DC was a component of the NACP (www.nacarbon.org) designed to support NACP by providing data products and data management services needed for modeling and synthesis activities. The overall objective of MAST-DC was to provide data management support to NACP investigators and agencies performing modeling and synthesis activities.
Get Data: http:daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=1193
Related Data Products:
NACP Regional: Gridded 1-deg Observation Data and Biosphere and
Inverse Model Outputs [http:dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1157]
NACP Regional: Supplemental Observation Data and Biosphere and Inverse
Model Outputs [http:dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1158
]
NACP Regional: National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Aggregated Gridded Model Data [http:dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1179]
Cite this data set as follows:
Cook, R.B., W.M. Post, P.E. Thornton, A.R. Jacobson, D.N. Huntzinger, Y. Wei, I. Baker, J. Chen, F. Chevallier, F.M. Hoffman, A. Jain, S. Liu, R. Lokupitiya, D.A. McGuire, A. Michalak, G.G. Moisen, R.P. Neilson, P. Peylin, C. Potter, B. Poulter, D. Price, J. Randerson, C. Rödenbeck, A.E. Schuh, C.R. Schwalm, H. Tian, E. Tomelleri, D.P. Turner, G. van der Werf, N. Viovy, T.O. West, J. Xiao, N. Zeng, and M. Zhao. 2013. NACP Regional: Original Observation Data and Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1193
Project: North American Carbon Program (NACP)
The NACP (Denning et al., 2005; Wofsy and Harriss, 2002) is a multidisciplinary research program to obtain scientific understanding of North America's carbon sources and sinks and of changes in carbon stocks needed to meet societal concerns and to provide tools for decision makers. Successful execution of the NACP has required an unprecedented level of coordination among observational, experimental, and modeling efforts regarding terrestrial, oceanic, atmospheric, and human components. The program has relied upon a rich and diverse array of existing observational networks, monitoring sites, and experimental field studies in North America and its adjacent oceans. It is supported by a number of different federal agencies through a variety of intramural and extramural funding mechanisms and award instruments.
MAST-DC organized several synthesis activities to evaluate and inter-compare biosphere model outputs and observation data at local to continental scales for the time period of 2000 through 2005. The synthesis activities have included three component studies, each conducted on different spatial scales and producing numerous data products: (1) site-level analyses that examined process-based model estimates and observations at over 30 AmeriFlux and Fluxnet-Canada tower sites across North America; (2) a regional, mid-continent intensive study centered in the agricultural regions of the United States and focused on comparing inventory-based estimates of net carbon exchange with those from atmospheric inversions; and (3) a regional and continental synthesis evaluating model estimates against each other and available inventory-based estimates across North America. A number of other NACP syntheses are underway, including ones focusing on non-CO2 greenhouse gases, the impact of disturbance on carbon exchange, and coastal carbon dynamics. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) is the archive for the NACP synthesis data products.
This data set contains part of the third NACP synthesis product described above: regional analyses. It provides the original regional observation measurements and terrestrial biosphere and inverse model outputs retrieved by MAST-DC from various sources and modeling teams contributing to NACP. The originally-submitted data were processed by MAST-DC to produce three "analyzed" regional data sets: (1) NACP Regional: Gridded 1-deg Observation Data and Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs (2) NACP Regional: Supplemental Gridded Observations, Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs; and (3) NACP Regional: National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Aggregated Gridded Model Data (see Related Data Products above).
This data set provides three categories of original data: (1) remote sensing and ground observation measurements (OM) data; (2) output data from 19 terrestrial biosphere models (TBM); and (3) output data from eight inverse models (IM) (Table 2). Data format, spatial and temporal resolution, and spatial and temporal extents varied among the original data files. These data (and documentation where available) are provided to allow users of the standardized data sets to be able to trace back to the data origins when needed. Detailed descriptions of observation data, TBM, and inverse models can be found in a separate document: NACP Regional Synthesis - Description of Observations and Models.
Table 1. Contributors
| Last Name | First Name | Organization | Role | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cook | Robert B. | ORNL | cookrb@ornl.gov | MAST-DC |
| Post | Wilfred M. | University of Tennessee | wmp@ornl.gov | MAST-DC |
| Thornton | Peter E. | ORNL | thorntonpe@ornl.gov | MAST-DC, CLM-CN |
| Jacobson | Andy | NOAA | andy.jacobson@noaa.gov | Synthesis Lead, CarbonTracker |
| Huntzinger | Deborah N. | Northern Arizona University | deborah.huntzinger@nau.edu | Synthesis Lead |
| Wei | Yaxing | ORNL | weiy@ornl.gov | MAST-DC |
| Baker | Ian | Colorado State University | baker@atmos.colostate.edu | SIB3.1 |
| Chen | Jing | University of Toronto | chenj@geog.utoronto.ca | BEPS |
| Chevallier | Frederic | LSCE | Frederic.Chevallier@lsce.ipsl.fr | LSCE no.2 |
| Hoffman | Forrest | ORNL | forrest@climatemodeling.org | CLM-CASA |
| Jain | Atul | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | jain@atmos.uiuc.edu | ISAM |
| Liu | Shuguang | USGS | sliu@usgs.gov | EC-LUE |
| Lokupitiya | Ravi | Colorado State University | ravi@atmos.colostate.edu | CSU no.1 |
| McGuire | David A. | University of Alaska Fairbanks | ffadm@uaf.edu | TEM6 |
| Michalak | Anna | Stanford University | michalak@stanford.edu | Michigan Geostatistical |
| Moisen | Gretchen G. | USDA Forest Service | gmoisen@fs.fed.us | U.S. Forest Biomass |
| Neilson | Ronald P. | USDA Forest Service | rneilson@fs.fed.us | MC1 |
| Peylin | Philippe | LSCE |
Philippe.Peylin@lsce.ipsl.fr
|
LSCE no.1 |
| Potter | Chris | NASA Ames Research Center | chris.potter@nasa.gov | NASA-CASA |
| Poulter | Ben | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research | ben.poulter@pik-potsdam.de | LPJmL |
| Price | David | Canadian Forest Service |
dprice@nrcan.gc.ca |
Can-IBIS |
| Randerson | Jim | University of California Irvine | jranders@uci.edu | CASA-Transcom |
| Riley | William J. | LBNL | wjriley@lbl.gov | ISOLSM |
| Rödenbeck | Christian | Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry | christian.roedenbeck@bgc-jena.mpg.de | Jena |
| Schuh | Andrew | Colorado State University | aschuh@atmos.colostate.edu | CSU no.2 |
| Schwalm | Christopher | Northern Arizona University | Christopher.Schwalm@nau.edu | Flux Anomaly |
| Tian | Hanqin | Auburn University | tianhan@auburn.edu | DLEM |
| Tomelleri | Enrico | Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry |
etomell@bgc-jena.mpg.de
|
MOD17-plus |
| Turner | David | University of California Irvine | david.turner@oregonstate.edu | Biome-BGC |
| van der Werf | Guido | University Amsterdam | guido.van.der.werf@falw.vu.nl | CASA-GFEDv2 |
| Viovy | Nicolas | LSCE |
viovy@lsce.ipsl.fr |
ORCHIDEE |
| West | Tristram O. | PNNL |
tristram.west@pnnl.gov
|
Crop NPP |
| Xiao | Jingfeng | University of New Hampshire | j.xiao@unh.edu | EC-MOD |
| Zeng | Ning | University of Maryland at College Park | zeng@atmos.umd.edu | VEGAS |
| Zhao | Maosheng | University of Montana | zhao@ntsg.umt.edu | MODIS GPP/NPP |
Table 2. List of Observation Measurements and Models
| OBSERVATION MEASUREMENTS | |
|---|---|
| Observation Data | Short Name |
| MODIS MOD17A2 Gross Primary Production (GPP) | MODIS GPP |
| MODIS MOD17A3 Net Primary Production (NPP) | MODIS NPP |
| Conterminous U.S. Forest Biomass | FIA Forest Biomass |
| Conterminous U.S. Crop Net Primary Production (NPP) | NASS Crop NPP |
| MODIS MOD15A2GFS Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fPAR) | MODIS fPAR |
| MODIS MOD15A2GFS Leaf Area Index (LAI) | MODIS LAI |
| MODIS MOD09A1G_EVI Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) | MODIS EVI |
| MODIS MOD09A1G_NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) | MODIS NDVI |
| Terrestrial Ecosystem Productivity and Respiration Anomalies | Flux Anomaly |
| TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE MODELS | |
| Prognostic Models | Short Name |
| Biome-BGC (BioGeochemical Cycles) | Biome-BGC |
| Canadian Integrated BIosphere Simulator | Can-IBIS |
| Community Land Model with CASA | CLM-CASA |
| Community Land Model with Carbon&Nitrogen | CLM-CN |
| Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model | DLEM |
| Integrated Science Assessment Model | ISAM |
| Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed Land model | LPJmL |
| MC1 Dynamic Vegetation Model | MC1 |
| Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems model | ORCHIDEE |
| Simple Biosphere model version 3.1 | SiB3.1 |
| Terrestrial Ecosystem Model version 6 | TEM6 |
| Vegetation Global Atmosphere and Soil model | VEGAS |
| Diagnostic Models | Short Name |
| Boreal Ecosystems Productivity Simulator | BEPS |
| Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach model (Transcom version) | CASA-Transcom |
| Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach model (Global Fire Emissions Database v 2 version) | CASA-GFEDv2 |
| NASA-Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach model | NASA-CASA |
| Eddy-Covariance Light Use Efficiency model | EC-LUE |
| Eddy-Covariance model with MODIS | EC-MOD |
| MOD17-plus | MOD17+ |
| INVERSE MODELS | |
| Inversion Models | Short Name |
| CarbonTracker | CarbonTracker |
| University of Toronto Nested Global model | UToronto |
| Michigan Geostatistical model | Michigan Geostatistical |
| Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) no.1 (Peylin-LSCE) model | LSCE-no1 (Peylin) |
| Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) no.2 (Chevallier-LSCE) model | LSCE-no2 (Chevalier) |
| JENA CO2 Inverse model | Jena (Rodenbeck) |
| CSU no. 1 (MLEF-PCTM) model | CSU-no1 (MLEF-PCTM) |
| CSU no. 2 | CSU no. 2 |
Table 3. Data Package Summary
| Data Set | Sub Category |
|---|---|
| Original Observation Measurements Data and Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs | Observation Measurements (OM) |
| Terrestrial Biosphere Model (TBM) Outputs | |
| Inverse Model (IM) Outputs |
This data set contains OM data, TBM output data, and IM output data. The data format, spatial and temporal resolution, and spatial and temporal extents varied among the original data that MAST-DC acquired. The Data Center performed some file format transformations. Archived data file formats include .tif, .hdf, .csv, and .nc. Spatial and temporal resolutions and extents are unchanged.
2.1. Spatial Coverage
Site: North America
Site boundaries: (All latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees)
| Site (Region) | Westernmost Longitude | Easternmost Longitude | Northernmost Latitude | Southernmost Latitude |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North America | -170 | -50 | 84 | 10 |
Varies. See Tables 4-6.
Varies (Range: 1990-2008). See Tables 4-6.
One time, 8-day, monthly, or annual. See Tables 4-6.
Table 4. Observation Measurements (OM) Data Files
| COMPRESSED FILE NAME | DESCRIPTIONS |
|---|---|
| OM_FIA_Biomass_Original.zip | Forest biomass data (short Tons C/acre) at 250 m resolution for the conterminous United States, 2000, in .tif format |
| OM_Flux-Anomaly_Original.zip | Global monthly flux anomalies (g C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution, 1990-2008, in .tif format. Data were calculated using upscaled water deficit ~ carbon balance relationships and represent net ecosystem productivity, gross ecosystem productivity, and ecosystem respiration. |
| OM_MODIS_EVI_Original.zip | MODIS MOD09A1 8-day 500 m surface reflectance EVI product, gap-filled and smoothed to derive MOD09A1G_EVI for North America, 2000-2005, in HDF format |
| OM_MODIS_FPAR_Original.zip | MODIS MOD15A2 8-day 1 km (926 m) fPAR product (dimensionless ratio m^2/m^2), gap-filled and smoothed to derive MOD15A2GFS for North America, 2000-2005, in HDF format |
| OM_MODIS_GPP_Original.zip | MODIS MOD17A2 Collection 5.1, 8-day 1 km GPP (kg C/m^2/mo) for North America, 2000-2006, in HDF format |
| OM_MODIS_LAI_Original.zip | MODIS MOD15A2 8-day 1 km (926 m) LAI product (dimensionless ratio m^2/m^2), gap-filled and smoothed to derive MOD15A2GFS for North America, 2000-2005, in HDF format |
| OM_MODIS_NDVI_Original.zip | MODIS MOD09A1 8-day 500 m surface reflectance NDVI product, gap-filled and smoothed to derive MOD09A1G_NDVI for North America, 2000-2005, in HDF format |
| OM_MODIS_NPP_Original.zip | MODIS MOD17A3 Collection 5.1, annual NPP (kg C/m^2/yr) at 0.05 degree resolution for North America, 2000-2006, in HDF format |
| OM_NASS_CropNPP_Original.zip | Annual crop net primary production by county FIPS code (Mg C/county/year) at 1 km resolution for the conterminous United States, 1996-2008, in comma-separated (.csv) format |
Table 5. Terrestrial Biosphere Model (TBM) Output Data Files
| FILE NAME | DESCRIPTION | |
|---|---|---|
| TBM_BEPS_Original.zip | Monthly GPP, NPP, and NEP (g C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2000-2004, in .tif format from the Boreal Ecosystems Productivity Simulator (BEPS) model | |
| TBM_Biome-BGC_Original.zip | Daily GPP, NPP, NEP, auto_resp, and hetero_resp (kg/m^2/yr) and wmas (kg/m^2) at 1 km resolution for Oregon, 2000-2002, in netCDF data from the Biome-BGC (BioGeochemical Cycles) model | |
| TBM_CASA-GFEDv2_Original.zip | Monthly NEE, GPP, and R (Ra+Rh) (g C/m^2/mo) and NEEF (kg C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2000-2005, in netCDF format from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (CASA) model (Global Fire Emissions Database v 2 version) | |
| TBM_CASA-Transcom_Original.zip | Monthly NEE data (g C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2002-2003, in .tif format from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (CASA) (TransCom version). There is also 1 netCDF file | |
| TBM_CLM-CASA_Original files not zipped due to file size. There are 8 TBM_CLM-CASA_Original_***.nc files. |
i01.54 | Global monthly GPP, NPP, NEE, NEP, and HR (g C/m^2/s), TLAI and landfrac (N/A), LEAFC, LITTERC, SOILC, WOODC, CWDC, and FROOTC (g C/m^2), and VegC (g C/m^2 derived from LEAFC+WOODC+FROOTC) at 2.5x1.89474 degree resolution, 1990-2004, in netCDF format from the Community Land Model with CASA |
| i01.54_q15 | ||
| i01.55 | ||
| i01.55_q15 | ||
| TBM_CLM-CN_Original files not zipped due to file size. There are 4 TBM_CLM-CN_Original_***.nc files. |
i01.56 | Global monthly GPP, NPP, NEE, NEP, and HR (g C/m^2/s), TLAI and landfrac (N/A), TOTVEGC, LEAFC, LITTERC, SOILC, WOODC, CWDC, and FROOTC (g C/m^2) at 2.5x1.89474 degree resolution, 1990-2004, in netCDF format from the Community Land Model with Carbon&Nitrogen |
| i01.57_q15 | ||
| TBM_Can-IBIS_Original.zip | Monthly GPP, NPP, NEP, Ra, and Rh (kgC/m^2/mo) and annual CBiomass, CSoil (g C/m^2/yr) at 0.5 degree resolution for United States and Canada, 2000-2005, in netCDF format from the Canadian Integrated BIosphere Simulator model | |
| TBM_DLEM_Original.zip | Monthly GPP, NEE, NPP, Ra, and Rh (g C/m^2/mo) and TotLivBiom, TotSoilCarb (g C/m^2) at 32 km resolution for North America, 2000-2005, in netCDF format from the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) | |
| TBM_EC-LUE_Original.zip | Monthly GPP (g C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2004-2005, in netCDF format from the Eddy-Covariance Light Use Efficiency (EC-LUE) model | |
| TBM_EC-MOD_Original.zip | Monthly GPP (GPPn+GPPc) and NEE (NEEn+NEEc) (g C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2001-2006, in netCDF format from the Eddy-Covariance model with MODIS (EC-MOD v2.0) | |
| TBM_ISAM_Original.zip | Monthly NEE, NPP, and Rh (kg C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2000-2007, in netCDF format from the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) | |
| TBM_LPJmL_Original.zip | Monthly NEE, GPP, NPP, RH, and RA (kg C/m^2/mo), annual FIRE (kg C/m^2/yr), and annual VEGC, SOILC, LITC (kg C/m^2) at 0.5 degree resolution for North America, 1990-2006, in netCDF format from the Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed Land (LPJmL) model | |
| TBM_MC1_Original.zip | Monthly NPP, NEE, NBP, and RespH (kg C/m^2/mo), TotLivBiom and TSLC (kg C/m^2), and BioCons (kg C/m^2/mo)at 0.5 degree resolution for the conterminous United States, 2000-2007, in netCDF format from the MC1 Dynamic Vegetation Model | |
| TBM_MOD17-plus_Original.zip | Monthly GPP and Reco (R=Ra+Rh) (g C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2000-2005, in netCDF format from the MOD17-plus model | |
| TBM_NASA-CASA_Original.zip | Monthly NPP and NEP (g C/m^2/mo) at 8 km resolution for the conterminous United States, 2001-2004, in .tif format from the NASA-Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (NASA-CASA) model | |
| TBM_ORCHIDEE_Original.zip | v1.0 | Monthly GPP, NPP, and CO2FLUX (NEE) (g C/m^2/da), LAI (N/A), and GROWTH_RESP, HET_RESP (g C/m^2/da) at 0.3512 degree (T511) resolution for North America, 2001-2007, in netCDF format from the ORCHIDEE mode, version 1.0 |
| v2.1 | Monthly GPP, NPP, and CO2FLUX (NEE) (g C/m^2/da), LAI (N/A), HET_RESP (g C/m^2/da), and TOTAL_M, TOTAL_SOIL_CARB (g C/m^2) at 0.5 degree resolution for North America, 1991-2008, in netCDF format from the ORCHIDEE mode, version 2.0 | |
| TBM_SiB3_Original.zip | Monthly NEE (g C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2000-2005, in netCDF format from the Simple Biosphere model (SiB) version 3.1, 2 fortran model codes (*.f90), and one .pdf | |
| TBM_TEM6_Original.zip | Monthly GPP, NCE, NECB, NPP, and RH (kg C/m^2/mo) and SOILC, VEGC (kg C/m^2) at 0.5 degree resolution for North America (>45oN), 2000-2006, in netCDF format from the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) version 6 | |
| TBM_VEGAS_Original.zip | Monthly GPP, NEE (fire emissions included), NPP, Ra, Rh, NEP (derived from NPP-Rh), and cfire (kg/m^2/yr), cleaf, csoil, cb, and cvege (kg/m^2), evap (W/m^2), and LAI (N/A) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2000-2007, in netCDF format from the Vegetation Global Atmosphere and Soil (VEGAS) | |
Table 6. Inverse Model (IM) Output Data Files
| FILE NAME | DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|
| IM_CSU-no1_Original.zip | Global monthly NEE and FF (moles/m^2/sec) at 1 degree resolution, 2003-2004, in netCDF format from the CSU no. 1 (MLEF-PCTM) model |
| IM_CSU-no2_Original.zip | Monthly GPP, NEE and RESP (kg C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution for North America, 2004, in netCDF format from the CSU no. 2 model |
| IM_CarbonTracker_Original.zip | Global monthly NEE (micromol/m^2/sec) at 1 degree resolution, 2000-2007, in netCDF format from CarbonTracker |
| IM_JENA_Original.zip | Global monthly NEE (micromol/m^2/sec) at 1 degree resolution, 2001-2007, in netCDF format from the JENA CO2 Inverse model |
| IM_LCSE-no1_Original.zip | Global monthly NEE (micromol/m^2/sec) at 1 degree resolution, 2000-2004, in netCDF format from the LSCE No.1 (Peylin-LSCE) model |
| IM_LCSE-no2_Original.zip | Global monthly NEE (micromol/m^2/sec) at 1 degree resolution, 2000-2006, in netCDF format from the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) no.2 (Chevallier-LSCE) model |
| IM_Michigan-Geostatisical_Original.zip | Global monthly NEE (mol/m^2/sec) at 1 degree resolution, 1997-2001, in (.txt) format from the Michigan Geostatistical model |
| IM_UToronto_Original.zip | Global monthly NEE (g C/m^2/mo) at 1 degree resolution, 2000-2003, in netCDF format from the University of Toronto Nested Global model |
2.6. Observation Data and Model Output Variables
Table 7. Observation and Model Output Variables --general measurement types and variable short names
| Short Name | Units | Long Name | Temporal Resolution | OM and Model Short Names | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) | |||||
| GPP | vary | gross primary production | vary | MODIS GPP, BEPS,
Can-IBIS, CASA-GFEDv2, CLM-CASA, CLM-CN, DLEM, EC-LUE, EC-MOD, LPJmL, MOD17-plus, ORCHIDEE (v1.0), TEM6, VEGAS, OSU-BGC |
|
| Net Primary Productivity (NPP) | |||||
| NPP | vary | net primary production | vary | MODIS NPP, BEPS, Can-IBIS, ISAM, LPJmL, MC1, NASA-CASA, ORCHIDEE (v1.0), TEM6, VEGAS, DLEM, OSU-BGC | |
| FNPP | g/m2/s | net primary production | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| NPPCrop | kg C m-2 month-1 | net primary production crop | monthly | ORCHIDEE (v2.1) | |
| CropNPP | MgC y-1 | crop NPP | annual | NASS CropNPP | |
| Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) | |||||
| NEE | vary | net ecosystem exchange | vary | BEPS, Can-IBIS, CASA-GFEDv2, CLM-CASA, CLM-CN, EC-MOD, ISAM, LPJmL, MC1, MOD17-plus, NASA-CASA, SiB3, TEM6, VEGAS, CASA-Transcom, DLEM, CarbonTracker, UToronto, LSCE-no1, LSCE-no2, JENA, CSU-no1, CSU-no2, Michigan-Geostatistical | |
| CO2FLUX | kg C m-2 month-1 | co2 flux | monthly | ORCHIDEE (v1.0) | |
| ANEE | kg C m-2 year-1 | annual net ecosystem exchange | yearly | LPJmL | |
| NEEF | vary | net ecosystem
exchange with fire emissions |
vary | MC1, CASA-GFEDv2 | |
| ANEEF | kg C m-2 year-1 | annual net ecosystem exchange with fire emissions | yearly | LPJmL | |
| Net Ecosystem Production | |||||
| NEP | vary | net ecosystem production | vary | BEPS,
Can-IBIS, CLM-CASA, CLM-CM, NASA-CASA, VEGAS, OSU-BGC |
|
| Total Respiration | |||||
| R | kg C m-2 month-1 | respiration | monthly | CASA-GFEDv2 | |
| Reco | kg C m-2 month-1 | ecosystem respiration | monthly | MOD17-plus | |
| Autotrophic Respiration | |||||
| Ra | vary | autotrophic respiration | vary | Can-IBIS, VEGAS, DLEM | |
| RA | kg C m-2 month-1 | autotrophic respiration | monthly | LPJmL | |
| auto_resp | autotrophic respiration | OSU-BGC | |||
| Heterotrophic Respiration | |||||
| Rh | vary | heterotrophic respiration | vary | BEPS, Can-IBIS, ISAM, NASA-CASA, VEGAS, DLEM |
|
| HR | kg C m-2 month-1 | heterotrophic respiration | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| RH | kg C m-2 month-1 | heterotrophic respiration | monthly | LPJmL, TEM6 | |
| RespH | kg C m-2 month-1 | heterotrophic respiration | monthly | MC1 | |
| HetResp | kg C m-2 month-1 | heterotrophic respiration | monthly | ORCHIDEE (v1.0) | |
| hetero_resp | heterotrophic respiration | OSU-BGC | |||
| Fire Emissions | |||||
| Cfire | kg C m-2 month-1 | fire emissions | monthly | CASA-GFEDv2 | |
| cfire | kg C m-2 month-1 | fire emissions | monthly | VEGAS | |
| FIRE | kg C m-2 year-1 | fire emissions | yearly | LPJmL | |
| BioCons | kg C m-2 month-1 | biomass consumed | monthly | MC1 | |
| FireEmissions | kg C m-2 month-1 | fire emissions | monthly | TEM6 | |
| Total Living Biomass | |||||
| TotLivBiom | kg C m-2 | monthly mean total
carbon content of the living biomass including heartwood |
monthly | DLEM | |
| TotLivBiom | kg C m-2 | total living biomass | monthly | MC1 | |
| CBiomass | kg C m-2 | biomass | yearly | Can-IBIS | |
| cb | kg C m-2 | total biomass carbon | monthly | VEGAS | |
| Biomass | kg C m-2 | forest biomass | one time | FIA Forest Biomass | |
| Total Soil Carbon: Total soil and litter carbon content vertically integrated over the entire soil column | |||||
| TotSoilCarb | kg C m-2 | monthly mean total soil carbon density | monthly | DLEM | |
| CSoil | kg C m-2 | soil carbon | yearly | Can-IBIS | |
| SOILC | kg C m-2 | total soil organic matter C | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| SOILC | kg C m-2 | total soil carbon | monthly | TEM6 | |
| SOILC | kg C m-2 | soil carbon | yearly | LPJmL | |
| TSLC | kg C m-2 | total soil carbon | monthly | MC1 | |
| csoil | kg C m-2 | soil carbon | monthly | VEGAS | |
| Leaf Area Index | |||||
| LAI | (-) | leaf area index | monthly | ORCHIDEE (v1.0), VEGAS | |
| TLAI | (-) | total projected leaf area index | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Evapotranspiration (ET) | |||||
| evap | W m-2 | evapotranspiration | VEGAS | ||
| Coarse Woody Debris Carbon | |||||
| CWDC | kg C m-2 | coarse woody debris C | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Wood Carbon | |||||
| WOODC | kg C m-2 | wood C | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| wmas | kg m-2 | wood mass | annual | OSU-BGC | |
| Fine Root Carbon | |||||
| FROOTC | kg C m-2 | fine root C | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Land Fraction | |||||
| landfrac | (-) | land fraction | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Leaf Carbon | |||||
| LEAFC | kg C m-2 | leaf C | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| cleaf | kg C m-2 | leaf carbon | monthly | VEGAS | |
| Litter Carbon | |||||
| LITTERC | kg C m-2 | litter C | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| LITC | kg C m-2 | litter carbon | yearly | LPJmL | |
| Vegetation Carbon | |||||
| VegC | kg C m-2 | vegetation C | monthly | CLM-CASA | |
| cvege | kg C m-2 | total vegetation carbon | monthly | VEGAS | |
| VEGC | kg C m-2 | live vegetation carbon | yearly | LPJmL | |
| VEGC | kg C m-2 | total vegetation above and below ground | monthly | TEM6 | |
| TOTVEGC | kg C m-2 | total vegetation carbon | monthly | CLM-CN | |
| Net Biome Production | |||||
| NBP | kg C m-2 month-1 | net biome production | monthly | MC1 | |
| Growth Respiration | |||||
| GROWTH_RESP | kg C m-2 month-1 | growth respiration | monthly | ORCHIDEE (v1.0) | |
| Net Carbon Exchange | |||||
| NCE | kg C m-2 month-1 | net exchange of C
from the land to the atmosphere |
monthly | TEM6 | |
| Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance | |||||
| NECB | kg C m-2 month-1 | net ecosystem C balance from the land to the atmosphere | monthly | TEM6 | |
| Soil Depth | |||||
| ZSOI | m | soil depth | static | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Soil Thickness | |||||
| DZSOI | m | soil thickness | static | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Saturated Soil Water Content (porosity) | |||||
| WATSAT | mm3/mm3 | saturated soil water content (porosity) | static | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Saturated Soil Matric Potential | |||||
| SUCSAT | mm | saturated soil matric potential | static | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Slope of Soil Water Retention Curve | |||||
| BSW | unitless | slope of soil water retention curve | static | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity | |||||
| HKSAT | unitless | saturated hydraulic conductivity | static | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Above-ground Net Primary Production | |||||
| AGNPP | gC/m2/s | above-ground net primary production | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Moisture Dependence | |||||
| BGMOIST | unitless | moisture dependence | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Below-ground Net Primary Production | |||||
| BGNPP | gC/m2/s | below-ground net primary production | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Temperature Dependence | |||||
| BGTEMP | unitless | temperature dependence | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Biogenic CO Flux | |||||
| BIOGENCO | uG/M2/H | biogenic CO flux | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Transpiration Beta Factor | |||||
| BTRAN | unitless | transpiration beta factor | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Amt. of Carbon Lost by Pool | |||||
| CLOSS | g/m2/s | Amt. of Carbon lost by pool | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Total Carbon Flux | |||||
| CFLUX | g/m2/s | total Carbon flux | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Amt. of Carbon Transferred Out of Pool Types | |||||
| CTRANS | g/m2/s | Amt. of Carbon transferred out of pool types | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Coarse Woody Debris Heterotrophic Respiration | |||||
| CWDC_HR | gC/m2/s | coarse woody debris heterotrophic respiration | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Coarse Woody Debris C Loss | |||||
| CWDC_LOSS | gC/m2/s | coarse woody debris C loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Accumulated Degree Days | |||||
| DEGDAY | deg C | Accumulated degree days | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Derivative of Hydraulic Conductivity | |||||
| DHKDW | mm/s | derivative of hydraulic conductivity | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Turbulent Deposition Velocity 1 | |||||
| DPVLTRB1 | m/s | turbulent deposition velocity 1 | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Turbulent Deposition Velocity 2 | |||||
| DPVLTRB2 | m/s | turbulent deposition velocity 2 | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Turbulent Deposition Velocity3 | |||||
| DPVLTRB3 | m/s | turbulent deposition velocity 3 | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Turbulent Deposition Velocity4 | |||||
| DPVLTRB4 | m/s | turbulent deposition velocity 4 | monthly | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |
| Derivative of Soil Matric Potential | |||||
| DSMPDW | mm | derivative of soil matric potential | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Total Surface Dust Emission | |||||
| DSTFLXT | kg/m2/s | total surface dust emission | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| RTM Land Change in Storage: LIQ | |||||
| DVOLRDT_LND | mm/s | RTM land change in storage: LIQ | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| RTM Land Change in Storage: ICE | |||||
| DVOLRDT_LND_ICE | mm/s | RTM land change in storage: ICE | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| RTM Ocean Change in Storage: LIQ | |||||
| DVOLRDT_OCN | mm/s | RTM ocean change in storage: LIQ | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| RTM Ocean Change in Storage: ICE | |||||
| DVOLRDT_OCN_ICE | mm/s | RTM ocean change in storage: ICE | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Change in Soil Water Content | |||||
| DWAT | mm3/mm3 | change in soil water content | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Exposed One-sided Leaf Area Index | |||||
| ELAI | m^2/m^2 | exposed one-sided leaf area index | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Total Water Conservation Error | |||||
| ERRH2O | mm | total water conservation error | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Surface Energy Conservation Error | |||||
| ERRSEB | watt/m^2 | surface energy conservation error | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil /lake Energy Conservation Error | |||||
| ERRSOI | watt/m^2 | soil/lake energy conservation error | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Solar Radiation Conservation Error********** | |||||
| watt/m^2 | solar radiation conservation error | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |||
| Exposed One-sided Stem Area Index | |||||
| ESAI | m^2/m^2 | exposed one-sided stem area index | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Excess Carbon | |||||
| EXCESSC | g/m2/timestep | excess carbon | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Canopy Evaporation | |||||
| FCEV | watt/m^2 | canopy evaporation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Fractional Area with With Water Table at Surface | |||||
| FCOV | unitless | fractional area with water table at surface | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Canopy Transpiration | |||||
| FCTR | watt/m^2 | canopy transpiration | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Ground Evaporation | |||||
| FGEV | watt/m^2 | ground evaporation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Heat Flux into Soil | |||||
| FGR | watt/m^2 | heat flux into soil | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Heat Flux between Soil Layers 1 and 2 | |||||
| FGR12 | watt/m^2 | heat flux between soil layers 1 and 2 | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Net Infrared (Longwave) Radiation | |||||
| FIRA | watt/m^2 | net infrared (longwave) radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Emitted Infrared (Longwave) Radiation | |||||
| FIRE | watt/m^2 | emitted infrared (longwave) radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Longwave Radiation | |||||
| FLDS | watt/m^2 | atmospheric longwave radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Heat Flux for Rain to Snow Conversion | |||||
| FLUXFM2A | W/m2 | heat flux for rain to snow conversion | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Heat Flux From Rain to Snow Conversion | |||||
| FLUXFMLND | W/m2 | heat flux from rain to snow conversion | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Photosynthesis | |||||
| FPSN | umol/m2s | photosynthesis | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Fine Root C | |||||
| FROOTC | gC/m2 | fine root C | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Fine Root C Allocation | |||||
| FROOTC_ALLOC | gC/m2/s | fine root C allocation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Fine Root C Loss | |||||
| FROOTC_LOSS | gC/m2/s | fine root C loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Fine Root Litter C | |||||
| FROOT_LITTERC | gC/m2 | fine root litter C | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Fine Root Litter Heterotrophic Respiration | |||||
| FROOT_LITTERC_HR | gC/m2/s | fine root litter heterotrophic respiration | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Fine Root Litter C Loss | |||||
| FROOT_LITTERC_LOSS | gC/m2/s | fine root litter C loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Absorbed Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSA | watt/m^2 | absorbed solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Incident Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSDS | watt/m^2 | atmospheric incident solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Direct Nir Incident Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSDSND | watt/m^2 | direct nir incident solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Direct Nir Incident Solar Radiation at Local Noon | |||||
| FSDSNDLN | watt/m^2 | direct nir incident solar radiation at local noon | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Diffuse Nir Incident Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSDSNI | watt/m^2 | diffuse nir incident solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Direct Vis Incident Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSDSVD | watt/m^2 | direct vis incident solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Direct Vis Incident Solar Radiation at Local Noon | |||||
| FSDSVDLN | watt/m^2 | direct vis incident solar radiation at local noon | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Diffuse Vis Incident Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSDSVI | watt/m^2 | diffuse vis incident solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Sensible Heat | |||||
| FSH | watt/m^2 | sensible heat | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Sensible Heat from Ground | |||||
| FSH_G | watt/m^2 | sensible heat from ground | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Sensible Heat from Veg | |||||
| FSH_V | watt/m^2 | sensible heat from veg | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Snow Melt Heat Flux | |||||
| FSM | watt/m^2 | snow melt heat flux | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Fraction of Ground Govered by Snow | |||||
| FSNO | unitless | fraction of ground covered by snow | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Reflected Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSR | watt/m^2 | reflected solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Direct Nir Reflected Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSRND | watt/m^2 | direct nir reflected solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Direct Nir Reflected Solar Radiation at Local Noon | |||||
| FSRNDLN | watt/m^2 | direct nir reflected solar radiation at local noon | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Diffuse Nir Reflected Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSRNI | watt/m^2 | diffuse nir reflected solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Direct Vis Reflected Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSRVD | watt/m^2 | direct vis reflected solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Direct Vis Reflected Solar Radiationat Local Noon | |||||
| FSRVDLN | watt/m^2 | direct vis reflected solar radiation at local noon | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Diffuse Vis Reflected Solar Radiation | |||||
| FSRVI | watt/m^2 | diffuse vis reflected solar radiation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Intercepted Water | |||||
| H2OCAN | mm | intercepted water | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Snow Depth (Liquid Water) | |||||
| H2OSNO | mm | snow depth (liquid water) | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Volumetric Soil Water | |||||
| H2OSOI | mm3/mm3 | volumetric soil water | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Heat Content | |||||
| HCSOI | MJ | soil heat content | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Plus Snow Heat Content | |||||
| HCSOISNO | MJ | soil plus snow heat content | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Hydraulic Conductivity | |||||
| HK | mm/s | hydraulic conductivity | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Urban Canyon Height to Width Ratio | |||||
| HWR | none | urban canyon height to width ratio | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Index for Start of Growing Season | |||||
| ISEABEG | unitless | index for start of growing season | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Isoprene Flux | |||||
| ISOPRENE | uG/M2/H | isoprene flux | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Shaded Projected Leaf Area Index | |||||
| LAISHA | none | shaded projected leaf area index | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Sunlit Projected Leaf Area Index | |||||
| LAISUN | none | sunlit projected leaf area index | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Leaf C Allocation | |||||
| LEAFC_ALLOC | gC/m2/s | leaf C allocation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Leaf C Loss | |||||
| LEAFC_LOSS | gC/m2/s | leaf C loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Leaf Litter C | |||||
| LEAF_LITTERC | gC/m2 | leaf litter C | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Leaf Litter Heterotrophic Respiration | |||||
| LEAF_LITTERC_HR | gC/m2/s | leaf litter heterotrophic respiration | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Leaf Litter C Loss | |||||
| LEAF_LITTERC_LOSS | gC/m2/s | leaf litter C loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Growing Season Index | |||||
| LGROW | none | growing season index (0 or 1) | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Litter Heterotrophic Respiration | |||||
| LITTERC_HR | gC/m2/s | litter heterotrophic respiration | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Litter C Loss | |||||
| LITTERC_LOSS | gC/m2/s | litter C loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Live Fraction for Leaf, Wood, Froot | |||||
| LIVEFR | g/m2 | live fraction for leaf, wood, froot | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Monoterpene Flux | |||||
| MONOTERP | uG/M2/H | monoterpene flux | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Nstep at Start of Growing Season | |||||
| NSTEPBEG | none | nstep at start of growing season | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Other Reactive VOC Flux | |||||
| ORVOC | uG/M2/H | other reactive VOC flux | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Other VOC Flux | |||||
| OVOC | uG/M2/H | other VOC flux | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Pressure | |||||
| PBOT | Pa | atmospheric pressure | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Partial Pressure of CO2 | |||||
| PCO2 | Pa | atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Potential Evapotranspiration | |||||
| PET | mm h2o/s | Potential Evapotranspiration | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Prognostic Leaf Area Index | |||||
| PLAI | m2/m2 | Prognostic Leaf Area Index | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| 2-m Specific Humidity | |||||
| Q2M | kg/kg | 2-m specific humidity | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Rural 2-m Specific Humidity | |||||
| Q2M_R | kg/kg | Rural 2-m specific humidity | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Urban 2-m Specific Humidity | |||||
| Q2M_U | kg/kg | Urban 2-m specific humidity | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Specific Humidity | |||||
| QBOT | kg/kg | atmospheric specific humidity | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| RTM River Flow: LIQ | |||||
| QCHANR | m3/s | RTM river flow: LIQ | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| RTM River Flow: ICE | |||||
| QCHANR_ICE | m3/s | RTM river flow: ICE | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Aquifer Recharge Rate | |||||
| QCHARGE | mm/s | aquifer recharge rate | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| RTM River Discharge Into Ocean: LIQ | |||||
| QCHOCNR | m3/s | RTM river discharge into ocean: LIQ | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| RTM River Discharge Into Ocean: ICE | |||||
| QCHOCNR_ICE | m3/s | RTM river discharge into ocean: ICE | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Sub-surface Drainage | |||||
| QDRAI | mm/s | sub-surface drainage | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Throughfall | |||||
| QDRIP | mm/s | throughfall | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Diffusion Flux into Soil Layer | |||||
| QFLX_IN_SOIL | mm/s | diffusion flux into soil layer | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Diffusion Flux out of Soil Layer | |||||
| QFLX_OUT_SOIL | mm/s | diffusion flux out of soil layer | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Saturation Excess | |||||
| QFLX_RSUB_SAT | mm/s | soil saturation excess | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Transpiration Flux out of Soil Layer | |||||
| QFLX_TRAN_SOIL | mm/s | transpiration flux out of soil layer | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Infiltration | |||||
| QINFL | mm/s | infiltration | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Interception | |||||
| QINTR | mm/s | interception | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Snow Melt | |||||
| QMELT | mm/s | snow melt | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Surface Runoff | |||||
| QOVER | mm/s | surface runoff | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Surface Runoff at Glaciers, Wetlands, Lakes | |||||
| QRGWL | mm/s | surface runoff at glaciers, wetlands, lakes | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Total Runoff | |||||
| QRUNOFF | mm/s | total runoff | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Rural Total Runoff | |||||
| QRUNOFF_R | mm/s | Rural total runoff | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| UrbanTotal Runoff | |||||
| QRUNOFF_U | mm/s | Urban total runoff | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Excess Snowfall Due to Snow Capping | |||||
| QSNWCPICE | mm H2O/s | excess snowfall due to snow capping | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Ground Evaporation | |||||
| QSOIL | mm/s | ground evaporation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Canopy Evaporation | |||||
| QVEGE | mm/s | canopy evaporation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Canopy Transpiration | |||||
| QVEGT | mm/s | canopy transpiration | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Rain | |||||
| RAIN | mm/s | atmospheric rain | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Rain Forcing | |||||
| RAINATM | mm/s | atmospheric rain forcing | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Land Rain on ATM Grid | |||||
| RAINFM2A | mm/s | land rain on atm grid | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Amt. of Carbon Lost to ATM by Pool | |||||
| RESP_C | g/m2/s | Amt. of Carbon lost to atm by pool | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| 2-m Relative Humidity | |||||
| RH2M | % | 2-m relative humidity | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Shaded Leaf Stomatal Resistance | |||||
| RSSHA | s/m | shaded leaf stomatal resistance | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Sunlit Leaf Stomatal Resistance | |||||
| RSSUN | s/m | sunlit leaf stomatal resistance | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Solar Rad Absorbed by Ground | |||||
| SABG | watt/m^2 | solar rad absorbed by ground | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Solar Rad Absorbed by Veg | |||||
| SABV | watt/m^2 | solar rad absorbed by veg | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Moisture for Top 30 cm | |||||
| SMOIST | mm3/mm3 | Soil moisture for top 30 cm | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Matric Potential | |||||
| SMP | mm | soil matric potential | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Snow | |||||
| SNOW | mm/s | atmospheric snow | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Snow Age | |||||
| SNOWAGE | unitless | snow age | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Snow Forcing | |||||
| SNOWATM | mm/s | atmospheric snow forcing | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Snow Height | |||||
| SNOWDP | m | snow height | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Land Snow on ATM Ggrid | |||||
| SNOWFM2A | mm/s | land snow on atm grid | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Snow Ice | |||||
| SNOWICE | kg/m2 | snow ice | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Snow Liquid Wter | |||||
| SNOWLIQ | kg/m2 | snow liquid water | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Heterotrophic Respiration | |||||
| SOILC_HR | gC/m2/s | soil heterotrophic respiration | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil C Loss | |||||
| SOILC_LOSS | gC/m2/s | soil C loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Ice | |||||
| SOILICE | kg/m2 | soil ice | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Liquid Water | |||||
| SOILLIQ | kg/m2 | soil liquid water | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Water Potential in each Soil Layer | |||||
| SOILPSI | MPa | soil water potential in each soil layer | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Temperature For Top 30 cm | |||||
| SOILT | deg C | Soil temperature for top 30 cm | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Cold + Drought Stress Function for Leaf Loss | |||||
| STRESSCD | cold + drought stress function for leaf loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |||
| Temperature Stress Function for Leaf Loss | |||||
| STRESST | temperature stress function for leaf loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |||
| Water Stress Function for Leaf Loss | |||||
| STRESSW | water stress function for leaf loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | |||
| Factor Limiting Ground Evap | |||||
| SoilAlpha | unitless | factor limiting ground evap | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Urban Factor limiting Ground Evap | |||||
| SoilAlpha_U | unitless | urban factor limiting ground evap | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Zonal Surface Stress | |||||
| TAUX | kg/m/s^2 | zonal surface stress | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Meridional Surface Stress | |||||
| TAUY | kg/m/s^2 | meridional surface stress | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Air Temperature | |||||
| TBOT | K | atmospheric air temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Daily Averaged Temperature | |||||
| TDAYAVG | deg C | Daily Averaged Temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Ground Temperature | |||||
| TG | K | ground temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Rural Ground Temperature | |||||
| TG_R | K | Rural ground temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Urban Ground Temperature | |||||
| TG_U | K | Urban ground temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Air Potential Temperature | |||||
| THBOT | K | atmospheric air potential temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Lake Temperature | |||||
| TLAKE | K | lake temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Total Carbon for Pool | |||||
| TPOOL_C | g/m2 | Total Carbon for pool | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Daily Minimum of Average 2-m Temperature | |||||
| TREFMNAV | K | daily minimum of average 2-m temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Rural Daily Minimum of Average 2-m Temperature | |||||
| TREFMNAV_R | K | Rural daily minimum of average 2-m temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Urban Daily Minimum of Average 2-m Temperature | |||||
| TREFMNAV_U | K | Urban daily minimum of average 2-m temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Daily Maximum of Average 2-m Temperature | |||||
| TREFMXAV | K | daily maximum of average 2-m temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Rural Daily Maximum of Average 2-m Temperature | |||||
| TREFMXAV_R | K | Rural daily maximum of average 2-m temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Urban Daily Maximum of Average 2-m Temperature | |||||
| TREFMXAV_U | K | Urban daily maximum of average 2-m temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| 2-m Air Temperature | |||||
| TSA | K | 2-m air temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Total Projected Stem Area Index | |||||
| TSAI | none | total projected stem area index | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Urban 2-m Air Temperature | |||||
| TSA_U | K | Urban 2-m air temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Snow Temperature | |||||
| TSNOW | K | snow temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Soil Temperature | |||||
| TSOI | K | soil temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Vegetation Temperature | |||||
| TV | K | vegetation temperature | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Total VOC Flux Into Atmosphere | |||||
| VOCFLXT | uG/M2/H | total VOC flux into atmosphere | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Water in the Unconfined Aquifer | |||||
| WA | mm | water in the unconfined aquifer | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Watdry for Entire Column | |||||
| WATDRY | mm3/mm3 | watdry for entire column | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Watopt for Entire Column | |||||
| WATOPT | mm3/mm3 | watopt for entire column | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Wind Velocity Magnitude | |||||
| WIND | m/s | atmospheric wind velocity magnitude | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Water Lmitation Used in BGMoist (atmp factor) | |||||
| WLIM | none | Water limitation used in bgmoist (atmp factor) | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Wood C Allocation | |||||
| WOODC_ALLOC | gC/m2/s | wood C allocation | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Wood C Loss | |||||
| WOODC_LOSS | gC/m2/s | wood C loss | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Total Water Storage | |||||
| WT | mm | total water storage (unsaturated soil water + groundwater) | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Total Excess Carbon | |||||
| XSCPOOL | g/m2 | total excess Carbon | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Atmospheric Reference Height | |||||
| ZBOT | m | atmospheric reference height | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Reference Height Forc_hgt+z0+d for each PFT | |||||
| ZBOT_PFT | m | reference height forc_hgt+z0+d for each pft | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
| Water Table Depth | |||||
| ZWT | m | water table depth | CLM-CASA, CLM-CN | ||
2.7. Companion Files
Table 8. Companion Files
| FILE NAME | DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|
| Regional-Description_of_Observations_and_Models.pdf | Overview of observation measurement data and terrestrial biosphere and inverse models, including descriptions, sources, contacts, and a comprehensive reference list |
| NACP_Model_Characteristics.pdf | Overview of process descriptions in participating TBMs and boundary conditions and driver data used in participating TBMs with a comprehensive reference list |
| NACP_Model_Metadata_Survey_Results.pdf | Metadata for TBMs Intercomparison: Site Model Data Comparison and Regional Model Data Comparison: Survey Results |
| OM_FIA_Biomass_Original_blackard_etal_2008RSE.pdf | |
| OM_FIA_Biomass_Original_conus_forest_biomass_Metadata.htm | |
| OM_Flux-Anoma-ly_Original_Schwalm.Anomaly.Metadata.doc | |
| TBM_BEPS_Original_readme.doc | |
| TBM_CASA-Transcom_Original_read_me.txt | |
| TBM_Can-IBIS_Original_README.txt | |
| TBM_DLEM_Original_OVERVIEW.doc | |
| TBM_EC-LUE_Original.doc | |
| TBM_NASA-CASA_Original_readme.txt | |
| TBM_NASA-CASA_Original_readme_nasacasa_updated.txt | |
| TBM_NASA-CASA_Original_usmask3.readme.txt | |
| TBM_TEM6_Original_TEM_NACP_Documentation.doc |
This data product contributes to a multidisciplinary research program to obtain scientific understanding of North America's carbon sources and sinks and of changes in carbon stocks needed to meet societal concerns and to provide tools for decision makers. It is part of a NACP regional and continental synthesis to evaluate and inter-compare models and observation measurements across North America. This work provides a valuable assessment of the current status of terrestrial carbon modeling in North America by bringing together model estimates that incorporate a wide range of modeling choices and input data. This work also serves as a starting point for analyses that compare these model results to different observational data products.
This data set provides the original observation measurements and model simulation output results that MAST-DC acquired or received from contributing investigators. No further data processing was done by MAST-DC to values in this data set. The data represent “off-the-shelf” observations and model simulations (i.e., existing data and model results currently available from analyses that have been completed by ongoing NACP projects and other recently published studies).
The range in estimates of regional land-atmosphere carbon fluxes from the participating models appears to be driven by a combination of factors. The models differ from each other because they are based on different simplifying assumptions and use different approaches (forward vs. inverse) and modeling strategies (detailed process, statistical, or observation based). They also differ structurally in how they represent the processes controlling carbon exchange between the land and atmosphere (e.g., representation of photosynthesis), in their input or environmental driver data (e.g., land cover, climate variables) and the temporal variability of those data, in their initial conditions, and in the parameter values used within their varying process descriptions. The gridded observation data also differ with regards to biome type, acquisition methods, spatial coverage and resolution, and temporal coverage and resolution. These varying approaches result in a large degree of variability in estimates of regional land-atmosphere carbon fluxes.
The variability in carbon flux estimates highlights the need for further analysis through the use of model runs following a common simulation protocol, in order to isolate the influences of model formulation, structure, and assumptions on flux estimates. A more formal model-data comparison is required to more definitively quantify the impact of model formulation and supporting and driver data on the accuracy of the simulation model outputs. Such efforts are underway by NACP, requiring substantial technical support for model participation, development of consistent and optimal environmental driver data sets, a unified intercomparison protocol, as well as coordination of the intercomparison effort across research groups. These NACP projects include (1) working to understand how model formulation and model choices impact overall model performance through the use of detailed simulation protocol and controlled input environmental driver data (e.g., Schwalm et al., 2010) and (2) the Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), which directly builds on the NACP regional synthesis products presented here.
Several types of observation measurements were assembled to be compared against simulation model output. These include MODIS-GPP/NPP, MODIS-fPAR/LAI, MODIS-EVI/NDVI, crop carbon yield, forest biomass, and carbon flux anomalies at AmeriFlux and Fluxnet-Canada locations. The methods for acquiring these measurements are summarized in a separate document: NACP Regional Synthesis - Description of Observations and Models and relevant references therein.
Twenty-eight simulation models participated in the regional synthesis. These models included ecosystem (bottom-up) models for forward analyses, and similar models used for inversion analyses. These are complementary approaches to analyzing the synthesis questions. The forward or bottom-up models provided analysis results at the temporal and spatial resolution of simulation runs more-or-less "in hand." These ranged from hourly to annual time steps, summarized to a monthly scale, and 1-km to county to 1-degree spatial resolution. The inverse analysis models provided model results at the spatial resolution of the North America TRANSCOM region (1 degree resolution), and monthly temporal resolution. The participating models are described in a separate document: NACP Regional Synthesis - Description of Observations and Models and relevant references therein.
Data Center Processing
The Data Center (ORNL DAAC) transformed some of the originally-submitted data files to file formats that are more suitable for long-term archiving. For example, *.xlsx files were saved as *.csv, ERDAS Imagine files were converted to GeoTIFFs, and MATLAB files were converted to GeoTIFF and NetCDF formats as appropriate. Files received in NetCDF, GeoTIFF, and HDF formats were not transformed.
The OM, TBM, and IM original data that MAST-DC acquired also vary in spatial and temporal resolution, and spatial and temporal extent. The Data Center performed some file format transformations but the spatial and temporal resolutions and extents are unchanged.
These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
Contact for Data Center Access Information:
E-mail:
uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952
Denning, A.S., et al. 2005. Science implementation strategy for the North American Carbon Program: A Report of the NACP Implementation Strategy Group of the U.S. Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group. U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program, Washington, DC. 68 pp.
Huntzinger, D.N., W.M. Post, Y. Wei, A.M. Michalak, T.O. West, A.R. Jacobson, I.T. Baker, J.M. Chen, K.J. Davis, D.J. Hayes, F.M. Hoffman, A.K. Jain, S. Liu, A.D. McGuire, R.P. Neilson, C. Potter, B. Poulter, D. Price, B.M. Raczka, H.Q. Tian, P. Thornton, E. Tomelleri, N. Viovy, J. Xiao, W. Yuan, N. Zeng, M. Zhao, and R. Cook. 2012. North American Carbon Program (NACP) regional interim synthesis: Terrestrial biospheric model intercomparison. Ecological Modelling 232(10): 144-157. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.004
Schwalm, C. R., et al. 2010. A model-data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis. J. Geophys. Res. 115: G00H05. doi:10.1029/2009JG001229
Wofsy, S.C., and R.C. Harriss. 2002. The North American Carbon Program (NACP). Report of the NACP Committee of the U.S. Interagency Carbon Cycle Science Program. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC. 56 pp.
Additional Sources of Information:
Please see the Reference section in the NACP Regional Synthesis - Description of Observations and Models document for publications related to the observation measurements, TBMs, and IMs used in this study.