Vegetation

Aubréville, A., Duvigneaud, P., Hoyle, A.C., Keay, R.W.J., Mendonça, F.A. and
Pichi-Sermolli, R.E.G., 1959. Vegetation map of Africa south of the tropic of Cancer, 1-24. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Beck, E.; Schlutter, I.; Scheibe, R.; Schulze, E. D., 1984. Growth rates and population rejuvenation of East African giant groundsels (Dendrosenecio keniodendron). Flora : Morphologie, Geobotanik, Oekophysiologie 175, 243-248. (Jena, E. Ger. : Gustav Fischer.)

Beck, E.; Schulze, E. D.; Senser, M.; Scheibe, R., 1984. Equilibrium freezing of leaf water and extracellular ice formation in Afroalpine 'giant rosette' plants (Dendrosenecio keniodendron) Planta 162, 276-282. (Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer-Verlag).

Ben-Shahar, R., 1997. Woodland dynamics under the influence of elephants and fire in northern Botswana. VBegetatio 123, 153-163.

Ben-Shahar, R., 1998. Changes in structure of savanna woodlands in northern Botswana following the impacts of elephants and fire. Plant ecology 136, 189.

Borchert, R., 1994. Soil and stem water storage determine phenology and distribution of tropical dry forest trees. Ecology 75, 1437-1449.

Borchert, R., 1994. Electrical resistance as a measure of tree water status during seasonal drought in a tropical forest in Costa Rica. Tree Physiology 14, 299-312.

Borchert, R., 1996. Phenology and flowering periodicity of Neotropical dry forest species: evidence from herbarium collections. Journal of Tropical Ecology 12, 65-80.

Briske, D. D. and Hendrickson, J. R., 1998. Does selective defoliation mediate competitive interactions in a semiarid savanna? A demographic evaluation. Journal of vegetation science 9, 611.

 Burrows, P.M. and Strang, R.M. 1964. The relation of crown and basal diameters in Rhodesian Brachystegia woodland. Comm. For. Rev. 43, 331-332.

 Campbell, B.M., Cunliffe, R.N. and Gambiza, J. 1995. Vegetation structure and small-scale pattern in miombo woodland, Marondera. Bothalia 25, 121-126.

Chidumayo, E.N. 1991. Seedling development of the miombo woodland tree, Julbernardia globiflora. J. Veg. Sci. 2, 21-26.

 Chidumayo, E.N. 1992. Seedling ecology of two miombo woodland trees. Vegetatio 103, 51-58.

 Chidumayo, E.N. 1992. Effects of shoot mortality on the early development of Afzelia quanzensis seedlings. J. Appl. Ecol. 29, 14-20.

 Chidumayo, E.N. 1993. Zambian charcoal production: miombo woodland recovery. Energy Policy 12, 586-597.

Chidumayo, E.N. 1994. Effect of wood carbonization on soil and seedling productivity in miombo woodland. For. Ecol. Manage. 70,
353-357.

Chidumayo, E. N., 1997.Annual and spatial variation in herbaceous biomass production in a Zambian dry miombo woodland. South African Journal of Botany  63, 74-81.

 Ernst, W. 1988. Seed and seedling ecology of Brachystegia spiciformis, a predominant tree component in miombo woodlands in south
central Africa.
 For. Ecol. Manage. 25, 195-210.

 Ernst, W. and Walker, B.H. 1973. Studies on the hydrature of trees in miombo woodland in South Central Africa. J. Ecol. 61, 667-673.

 Fanshawe, D.B. 1969. The vegetation of Zambia. Forestry Research Bulletin, Kitwe, Zambia, 7, 1-67.

 Fanshawe, D.B. 1971. The vegetation of Zambia. Government Printer, Lusaka.

Friis, L; Lawesson, JE, 1993. Altitudinal zonation in the forest tree flora of northeast tropical Africa. Opera Botanica 121: 125-127.

Frost, P., Medina, E., Menaut, J.C., Solbrig, O., Swift, M. and Walker, B. 1986. Responses of savannas to stress and disturbance. Biology International (Special Issue) 10, 1-78.

 Frost, P.G.H., Frost, S.K. and Nyamande, A.N. in prep. Herbaceous biomass and nutrient dynamics in miombo woodland, Zimbabwe.

Fuller, Douglas O., 1994. Foliar Phenology of Vegetation in South-Central Africa and its Relevance to Climatic Change. PhD Thesis, University of Maryland.

Fuller, D. O. and Prince, S. D., 1996. Rainfall and foliar dynamics in tropical Southern Africa: Potential impacts of global climatic change on savanna vegetation Climatic Change 33, 69-96.

Fuls, ER; Bredenkamp, GJ; van Rooyen, N, 1993. The grassland communities of the footslopes in the northern Orange Free State, South Africa. S. Afr. J. Bot. 59 (5): 485-490.

Gauslaa,Y. 1989. Management and regeneration of tropical woodlands with special references to Tanzanian conditions. A literature review. Lidia 2, 37-112.

Geldenhuys, CJ, 1993. Observations of the effects of drought on evergreen and deciduous species in the eastern Cape forests. S. Afr. J. Bot. 59 (5): 522-534.

Grundy, I.M. 1990. The potential for management of the indigenous woodland in communal farming areas of Zimbabwe with reference to
the regeneration of Brachystegia spiciformis and Julbernardia globiflora. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of Zimbabwe, Harare.

 Grundy, I.M. 1995a. Regeneration and management of Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. and Julbernardia globiflora (Benth.) Troupin
in miombo woodland, Zimbabwe. D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford.

 Grundy, I.M. 1995b. Wood biomass estimation in dry miombo woodland in Zimbabwe. For. Ecol. Manage. 72, 109-117.

 Grundy, I.M., Campbell, B.M. and Frost, P.G.H. 1994. Spatial pattern, regeneration and growth rates of Brachystegia spiformis and Julbernardia globiflora. Vegetatio 115, 101-107.

 Guy, P.R. 1981a. Changes in the biomass and productivity of woodlands in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Zimbabwe. J. Appl. Ecol. 18, 507-519.

 Guy, P.R. 1981b. The estimation of the above-ground biomass of the trees and shrubs in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Zimbabwe. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 11, 135-142.

 Guy, P.R. 1989. The influence of elephants and fire on a Brachystegia-Julbernardia woodland in Zimbabwe. J. Trop. Ecol. 5, 215-226.

 Guy, P.R., Mhlangu, Z. and Charidza, H. 1979. Phenology of some trees and shrubs in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Zimbabwe-Rhodesia. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 9, 47-54.

Jeanes, K.W., 1991. Landscapes and Grasslands of Western Province, Zambia. Dept. of Agriculture, Western Province

 Kikula, I.S. 1986. The influence of fire on the composition of miombo woodland of Southwest Tanzania. Oikos 46, 317-324.

 Knoop, W.T., and B.H. Walker, 1985, Interactions of Woody and Herbaceous Vegetation in a Southern African Savanna, Journal of Ecology, 73, 235-253.

 Lawton, R.M. 1978. A study of the dynamic ecology of Zambian vegetation. J. Ecol. 66, 175-198.

Le Roux, X., T. Bariac, and A. Mariotti, 1995, Spatial paritioning of the soil water resource between grass and shrub components in a West African humid savanna, Oecologia, 104:147-155.

Le Roux, X., and P. Mordelet, 1995, Leaf and canopy CO2 assimilation in a West African humid savanna during the early growing season, Journal of Tropical Ecology, 11:529-545.

Linder, HP; Vlok, JH; McDonald, DJ; Oliver, EGH; Boucher, C; van Wyk, B-E; Schutte, A, 1993. The high altitude flora and vegetation of the Cape
floristic region, South Africa. Opera Botanica 121: 247-261.

Midgley, JJ; Cowling, RM, 1993. Regeneration patterns in Cape subtropical transitional thicket: Where are all the seedlings? S. Afr. J. Bot. 59 (5):    496-499.

Mordelet, P., J.-C. Menaut, and A. Marioti, 1997, Tree and grass rooting patterns in an African humid savanna, Journal of Vegetation Science, 8:65-70.

Parsons, D. A. B.; Shackleton, C. M.; Scholes, R. J., 1997. Changes in Herbaceous Layer Condition Under Contrasting Land Use Systems in the Semi-Arid Lowveld, South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 37, 319-329.

Ringrose, S; Matheson, W; Vanderpost, C, 1998. Analysis of soil organic carbon and vegetation cover trends along the Botswana Kalahari Transect. Journal of Arid Environments 38, 379-396.

Schmidt, AG; Theron, GK; van Hoven, W., 1993. The phytosociology and structure of vegetation near Villa Nora, north-western Transvaal, South Africa
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Sefe, F; Ringrose, S; Matheson, W, 1996. Desertification in north-central Botswana: Causes, processes, and impacts. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 51, 241-248.

Servant, M; Maley, J; Turcq, B; Absy, M-L; Brenac, P; Fournier, M; Ledru, M-P, 1993. Tropical forest changes during the Late Quaternary in African and
 South American lowlands. Global and Planetary Change 7: 25-40.

Tietema, T., 1993. Biomass determination of fuelwood trees and bushes of Botswana, Southern Africa Forest Ecology and Management 60, 257-269.