Isotopes

Amundson, R., L. Stern, T. Baisden, Y. Wang, 1998. The isotopic composition of soil and soil-respired CO2. Geoderma 82: 83-114.

Austin, A. T. and P. M. Vitousek, 1998. Nutrient dynamics on a precipitation gradient in Hawai'i. Oecologia 113: 519-529.

Broadbent, F.E. et. al., 1980: Spatial variability in nitrogen-15 and total nitrogen in some virgin and cultivated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 524-527.

Bakwin, P. S.; Tans, P. P.; Andres, R. J., 1998. Determination of the isotopic (13C/12C) discrimination by terrestrial. Global biogeochemical cycles 12, 555.

Bernoux, M.,  C. C. Cerri, C. Neill, J. F.L. de Moraes, 1998. The use of stable carbon isotopes for estimating soil organic matter turnover rates.
Geoderma 82: 43-58.

Boutton, T. W., S. R. Archer, A. J. Midwood, S. F. Zitzer, R. Bol, 1998. Delta13C values of soil organic carbon and their use in documenting
vegetation change in a subtropical savanna ecosystem. Geoderma 82: 5-41.

 Capo, R. C., B. W. Stewart, O. A. Chadwick, 1998. Strontium isotopes as tracers of ecosystem processes: theory and methods. Geoderma 82: 197-225.

Chappell, A., A. Warren, M.A. Oliver, M. Charlton, 1998. The utility of 137Cs for measuring soil redistribution rates in southwest Niger. Geoderma 81: 313-337.

Cheng, H.H. et. al., 1964: Variations in nitrogen-15 abundance in soils. Science, 146, 1574-1575.

Currie, P. O. and Hammer, F. L., 1979. Detecting Depth and Lateral Spread of Roots of Native Range Plants Using Radioactive Phosphosus. Journal of Range Management 32, 101-103

Dambrine, E.; Loubet, M.; Vega, J. A.; Lissarague, A., 1997. Localisation of mineral uptake by roots using Sr isotopes. Plant and Soil 192, 129-132

Dansgaard, W., 1964: Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus, 16, 436-468.

 Delwiche, C.C. et. al., 1979: Nitrogen isotope distribution as a presumptive indicator of nitrogen fixation. Bot. Gaz., 140 (Suppl), S65-S69.

Ehleringer, J. R. and T. A. Cooper, 1988. Correlations between carbon isotope ratio and microhabitat in desert plants. Oecologia 76: 562-566.

Evans, R. D., and J. R. Ehleringer, 1993. A break in the nitrogen cycle in aridlands? Evidence from ? 15N of soils. Oecologia 94, 314-317.

Gilhooly, W. P., S. A. Macko, V. C. Turekian, R. J. Swap, M. Garstang and W. F. Ruddiman, 1996. Stable Carbon Isotopic Analysis of Charcoal from Single Plant Sources. In: Biomass Burning and Global Change.  Levine, J. S. (ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 466-471.

Hamilton, S. D., P. Hopmans, P. M. Chalk and C. J. Smith, 1993. Field estimation of N fixation by Acacia spp. using ¹⁵N isotope dilution and labelling with ³⁵S. Forest Ecology and Management 56: 297-313.

Heaton, T.H.E. et. al., 1987: The ¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratios of plants in South Africa and Namibia: relationship to climate and coastal/saline environments. Oecologia, 74, 236-246.

 Heaton, T. H., B. Spiro, S, Madeline, and C. Robertson, 1997. Potential canopy influences on the isotopic composition of nitrogen and sulphur in atmospheric deposition. Oecologia 109 (4), 600-607.

Hobbie, E. A., S. A. Macko, and H. H. Shugart, 1995. A Stable Isotopic Investigation of Nitrogen Dynamics at Glacier Bay, Alaska. In: Proceedings of the Third Bay Science Symposium, 1993. D. R. Engstron (ed.), National Park Service, Anchorage, Alaska. pp. 115-121.

Hobbie, E. A., S. A. Macko, and H. H. Shugart,1998. Patterns in N dynamics and N isotopes during primary succesion in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Chemical Geology 152, 3-11.

Hobbie, E. A., S. A. Macko, and H. H. Shugart, 1999. Insights into nitrogen and carbon dynamics of ectomycorrhizal and saprophitic fungi from isotopic evidence. Oecologia in press.

 Hogberg, P., 1990. ¹⁵N natural abundance as a possible marker of the ectomycorrhizal habit of trees in mixed African woodlands. New Phytologist 115, 483-486.

Hogberg. P., 1990. Forests losing large quantities of nitrogen have elevated ¹⁵N:¹⁴N ratios. Oecologia: 84: 229-231.

 Hogberg, P. and I. J. Alexander, 1995. Roles of root symbioses in African woodland and forest: evidence from ¹⁵N abundance and foliar analysis. Journal of Ecology 83, 217-224.

Hogberg, P. and C. Johannisson, 1993. ¹⁵NAbundance of forests is correlated woth losses of nitrogen. Plant and Soil 157: 147-150.

Hsieh, J. C.C., S. M. Savin, E. F. Kelly, O. A. Chadwick, 1998. Measurement of soil-water δ18O values by direct equilibration with CO2,
Geoderma 82: 255-268.

Hsieh, J. C.C., O. A. Chadwick, E. F. Kelly, S. M. Savin, 1998. Oxygen isotopic composition of soil water: Quantifying evaporation and transpiration,
Geoderma 82: 269-293.

Jenkinson, D.S., D.D. Harkness, E.D. Vance, D.E. Adams and A.F. Harrison, 1992, Calculating Net Primary Production and Annual Input of Organic Matter to Soil from the Amount and Radiocarbon Content of Soil Organic Matter, Soil Biol. Biochem., 24(4):295-308.

Johannisson, C. and P. Hogberg, 1994. ¹⁵N abundance of soils and plants along an experimentally induced forest nitrogen supply gradient. Oecologia 97: 322-325.

Kawanishi, T., Y. Hayashi, N. Kihou, T. Yoneyama and Y. Ozaki, 1993. Dispersion effect on the Apparent Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation Factor Associated with Denitrification in Soil: Evaluation by a Mathematical Model.  Soil Biol. Biochem. 25: 349-354.

Koba, K., N. Tokuchi, T. Yoshioka, E. A. Hobbie and G. Iwatsubo, 1998. Natural Abundance of Nitrogen-15 in a Forest Soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62: 778-781.

Lajtha, K. and J.D. Marshall, 1994: Sources of variation in the stable isotopic composition of plants. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science, K. Lajtha and R.H. Michener, Eds., Blackwell Scientific, 1-21.

Mariotti, A., J. C. Germon, P. Hubert, P. Kaiser, R. Letolle, A. Tardieux and P. Tardieux, 1981. Experimental determinations of nitrogen kinetic isotope fractionationation: some principles: illustration for the denitrification and nitrification processes. Plant and Soil 62, 413-130.

Michelsen, A., I. K. Schmidt, S. Jonasson, C. Quarmbly, and D. Sleep, 1996. Leaf 15N abundance of subartic plants provides evidence that ericoid, ectomycorrhizal and non- and arbuscular mycorrhizal species access different sources of soil nitrogen. Oecologia 105, 53-63.

Michelsen, A., C. Quarmbly, and D. Sleep, and S. Jonasson, 1998. Vascular plant ¹⁵N natural abundance in heath and forest tundra ecosystems is closely correlated with presence and type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots. Oecologia 115, 406-418.

Mizota, C.,  A. Sasaki, 1996. Sulfur isotope composition of soils and fertilizers : Differences between Northern and Southern Hemispheres, Geoderma 71: 77-93.

Nadelhoffer, K. J., and B. Fry, 1988. Controls on Natural Nitrogen-15 and Carbon-13 Abundances in Forest Soil Organic Matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52: 1633-1640.

Nadelhoffer, K. J., and B. Fry, 1994. Nitrogen isotope studies in forest ecosystems. In: Stable isotopes in Ecology and environmental sciences. K. Lajtha and R. Michener (eds.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. pp. 22-44.

 O'Leary, M.H., 1981: Carbon isotopic fractionation in plants. Phytochemistry, 20, 553-567.

 O'Leary, M.H., 1988: Carbon isotopes in photosynthesis. BioScience, 38, 328-336.

 Park, R. and S. Epstein, 1960: Carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 21, 110-126.

Puri, G. and M. R. Ashman, 1999. Microbial immobilization of  ¹⁵N-labelled ammonium and nitrate in a temperate woodland soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry: 31: 929-931.

Read, J. and G. Farquhar, 1991. Comparative studies in Nothofagus (Fagaceae). I. Leaf carbon isotope discrimination. Functional Ecology 5: 694-695.

Schulze, E.-D, G. Gebauer, H. Ziegler, and O. L. Langue, 1991. Estimates of nitrogen fixation by trees on an aridity gradient in Namibia. Oecologia 88: 415-455.

Schulze, E.-D, H. A. Mooney, O. E. Sala, et al., 1996. Rooting depth, water availability, and vegetation cover along an aridity gradient in Patagonia. Oecologia 108: 503-511.

Schulze, E.-D, R. Ellis, W. Schulze, P. Trimborn and H. Ziegler, 1996. Diversity, metabolic types and ¹³C carbon isotope ratios in the grass flora of Namibia in relation to growth form, precipitation and habitat conditions. Oecologia 106: 352-369.

Schulze, E.-D., R.J. Williams, G.D. Farquhar, W. Schulze, J. Langridge, J.M. Miller, and B.H. Walker, 1998. Carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination and nitrogen nutrition of trees along a rainfall gradient in northern Australia, Aust. J. Plant Physiology, 25:413-425.

Schulze, E-D; Caldwell, MM; Canadell, J; Mooney, HA; Jackson, RB; Parson, D; Scholes, R; Sala, OE; Trimborn, P, 1998. Downward flux of water through roots (i.e. inverse hydraulic lift) in dry Kalahari sands. Oecologia 115, 460-462.

Schwartz, D., A. Mariotti, R. Lanfranchi and B. Guillet, 1986, 13C/12C Ratios of Soil Organic Matter as Indicators of Vegetation Changes in the Congo, Geoderma, 39:97-103.

 Sealy, J.C. et. al., 1987: Nitrogen isotopic ecology in southern Africa: implications for environmental and dietary tracing. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, 2707-2717

 Shearer, G.B. et. al., 1978: The nitrogen-15 abundance in a wide variety of soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 899-902.

Shearer, G. et. al., 1983: Estimates of N₂-fixation from variation in the natural abundance of ¹⁵N in Sonoran Desert ecosystems. Oecologia, 56, 365-373.

Shearer, G. and D. Kohl, 1986. N₂-fixation in Field Settings: Estimations Based on Natural ¹⁵N Abundance. Aust. J. Plant Physio. 13: 699-756.

Stewart, B. W., R. C. Capo, O. A. Chadwick, 1998. Quantitative strontium isotope models for weathering, pedogenesis and biogeochemical cycling,
Geoderma 82: 173-195.

Stewart, G. R., M. H. Turnbull, S. Schmidt and P. D. Erskine, 1995. ¹³C Natural Abundance in Plant Communities Along a Rainfall Gradient: a Biological Integrator of Water Availability. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22: 51-55.

 Turekian, V.C., S. Macko, D. Ballentine. R. Swap, and M. Garstang. 1998. Causes of Bulk Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Fractionations in the Products
of Vegetation Burns: Laboratory Studies. Chemical Geology 152:181-192.

Turekian, V. C., S. A. Macko, W. P. Gilhooly, D. C. Ballentine, R. J. Swap, and M. Garstang. 1996. Bulk and Compound Specific Isotopic Characterization of the Products of Biomass Burning: Laboratory Studies. (pp. 422-427). In: Biomass Burning and Global Change. Volume 1. (J. S.
Levine, ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Van Dam, D., 1995. Application of the model NICCCE to the Solling spruce site. Ecological Modeling 83, 131-138.

Van Dam, D. and N. van Breemen, 1995. NICCCE: a model for cycling of nitrogen and carbon isotopes in coniferous forest ecosystems. Ecological Modeling 79, 225-275.